Computer Basics & Computer Basics & KeyboardingKeyboarding

INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS COMPUTERS

Computer Science –Computer Science –

Hardware, Systems, and Hardware, Systems, and SoftwareSoftware

What Is A Computer?What Is A Computer?

An electronic device operating under the An electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own control of instructions stored in its own memory unitmemory unit

Four general operationsFour general operations– Can accept data Can accept data (Input)(Input)– Manipulate the data according to specified Manipulate the data according to specified

rules rules (Process)(Process)– Produce information Produce information (Output)(Output) from the from the

processingprocessing– Store the results for future use. Store the results for future use. (Storage)(Storage)

What Does A Computer Do?What Does A Computer Do?

Computers can perform Computers can perform fourfour general general operationsoperations

These operations comprise the These operations comprise the information processing cycleinformation processing cycle and are: and are:– InputInput– ProcessProcess– OutputOutput– StorageStorage

Relate Info Processing to E-Relate Info Processing to E-mailmail

Match the tasks with Match the tasks with the information the information processing steps.processing steps.

a)a) InputInputb)b) ProcessingProcessingc)c) OutputOutputd)d) DistributionDistributione)e) StorageStorage

1.1. Viewing the message Viewing the message you have created on you have created on the screenthe screen

2.2. Keying the messageKeying the message3.3. Saving a copy of the Saving a copy of the

message in your Sent message in your Sent folder.folder.

4.4. Using the Send Using the Send feature to send the feature to send the message.message.

5.5. Formatting the Formatting the message in a large message in a large type font.type font.

Input DevicesInput Devices

An An input deviceinput device is any is any hardwarehardware component that component that allows you to allows you to enter data and enter data and instructionsinstructions into into a computer.a computer.

6 Input Devices6 Input Devices

1.1. KeyboardKeyboard

2.2. MouseMouse

3.3. MicrophoneMicrophone

4.4. ScannerScanner

5.5. Digital Digital CameraCamera

6.6. PC video PC video cameracamera

ProcessingProcessing

The The system unitsystem unit is a case that is a case that contains electronic components of contains electronic components of the computer that are used to the computer that are used to process data.process data.

Two main components on the Two main components on the motherboard:motherboard:– ProcessorProcessor– MemoryMemory

Components on Components on MotherboardMotherboard

The The processorprocessor, also called the , also called the central central processing unit (CPU),processing unit (CPU), is the is the electronic component that electronic component that interpretsinterprets and carries out the basic and carries out the basic instructionsinstructions waiting to be executed and data waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions.needed by those instructions.

MemoryMemory consists of electronic consists of electronic components that components that storestore instructions instructions waiting to be executed and data waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions.needed by those instructions.

Output DevicesOutput Devices

An An output output devicedevice is any is any hardware hardware component component that conveys that conveys information to information to one or more one or more people.people.

3 Output Devices3 Output Devices

1.1. PrinterPrinter

2.2. MonitorMonitor

3.3. Speakers/Speakers/

HeadphonesHeadphones

Storage DevicesStorage Devices

A storage device A storage device recordsrecords (writes) (writes) and/or and/or retrievesretrieves (reads) items to and (reads) items to and from storage media.from storage media.

Storage Device ExamplesStorage Device Examples

Floppy DisksFloppy Disks USB Flash USB Flash

DriveDrive Hard DisksHard Disks CDsCDs DVDsDVDs Memory Memory

CardsCards

Assignment: Pictures in Assignment: Pictures in PaintPaint

(20 points)(20 points) Open Paint:Open Paint: Draw 2 computer parts that fit under Draw 2 computer parts that fit under

each part of the IPOS cycle.each part of the IPOS cycle. Example: Input – Keyboard, MouseExample: Input – Keyboard, Mouse

What makes a computer What makes a computer powerful?powerful?

Speed: Speed: A computer can A computer can do billions of actions per do billions of actions per second. second.

Reliability: Reliability: Failures are Failures are usually due to human usually due to human error, one way or another.error, one way or another.

Storage: Storage: A computer can A computer can keep huge amounts of keep huge amounts of data.data.

Basic TermsBasic Terms Hardware- Hardware- the physical parts of the the physical parts of the

computer.computer. Software- Software- the programs (instructions) the programs (instructions)

that tell the computer what to dothat tell the computer what to do Data- Data- individual facts like first name, individual facts like first name,

price, quantity orderedprice, quantity ordered Information- Information- data which has been data which has been

massaged into a useful form, like a massaged into a useful form, like a complete mailing addresscomplete mailing address

Default- Default- the original settings; what will the original settings; what will happen if you don't change anything.happen if you don't change anything.

Computer Types…Computer Types… Computers for personal Computers for personal

use come in all shapes use come in all shapes and sizes, from tiny and sizes, from tiny PDAPDAs (s (ppersonal ersonal ddigital igital aassistant) to hefty ssistant) to hefty PCPC ((ppersonal ersonal ccomputer) omputer) towers. More towers. More specialized models are specialized models are announced each week - announced each week - trip planners, expense trip planners, expense account pads, language account pads, language translators... translators...

Tablet PC

Laptop/Notebook

Computer Types…Computer Types…

Supercomputer

Desktop PC

PDA

Hand-held (HPC)

How Does A Computer Know How Does A Computer Know What To Do?What To Do?

For a computer to perform operations, For a computer to perform operations, it must be given a detailed set of it must be given a detailed set of instructions that tells it exactly what to instructions that tells it exactly what to dodo– These instructions are called These instructions are called computer computer

programsprograms, or , or softwaresoftware SoftwareSoftware can be categorized into two can be categorized into two

types:types:– System softwareSystem software– Application softwareApplication software

ApplicationsApplications

An An applicationapplication is another word for a is another word for a program running on the computer. program running on the computer. Whether or not it is a good application Whether or not it is a good application depends on how well it performs the depends on how well it performs the tasks it is designed to do and how easy tasks it is designed to do and how easy it is for the user to use. it is for the user to use.

That involves the That involves the user interfaceuser interface-- the the way the user tells the software what to way the user tells the software what to do and how the computer displays do and how the computer displays information and options to the user. information and options to the user.

Text InterfaceText Interface A A text interfacetext interface was all that was was all that was

available in the beginning. The example available in the beginning. The example below is of PKZIP, which squashes files below is of PKZIP, which squashes files into smaller size to save you space. into smaller size to save you space. Notice in the center the command you Notice in the center the command you would have to type to use this program. would have to type to use this program.

Graphical User InterfaceGraphical User Interface Today, many computers use an operating Today, many computers use an operating

system that has a system that has a Graphical User InterfaceGraphical User Interface (GUI). (GUI).

A GUI is more user-friendly with icon symbols.A GUI is more user-friendly with icon symbols.

Windows Windows 95/98/2000 95/98/2000 and XP are and XP are common GUIs.common GUIs.

System SoftwareSystem Software

Consists of programs to Consists of programs to control or control or maintain the operations of computer maintain the operations of computer equipmentequipment

Two types of system software are:Two types of system software are:– Operating SystemOperating System– Utility ProgramUtility Program

System Software TypesSystem Software Types

An An operating systemoperating system is a set of is a set of programs that coordinates all the programs that coordinates all the activities among computer hardware activities among computer hardware devices.devices.– Ex: Windows XPEx: Windows XP

A A utility programutility program allows a user to allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs.computer, its devices, or its programs.– Ex: Norton’s Antivirus, McAfeeEx: Norton’s Antivirus, McAfee

Application SoftwareApplication Software

Application softwareApplication software consists of consists of programs programs that tell a computer how to produce that tell a computer how to produce informationinformation

Excellent example:Excellent example:– Microsoft AccessMicrosoft Access– Microsoft ExcelMicrosoft Excel– Microsoft WordMicrosoft Word– Microsoft PowerPointMicrosoft PowerPoint

Microsoft Microsoft WORDWORD

The The word processor applicationword processor application (Word) (Word) enables you to create documents such enables you to create documents such as:as:

Reports Reports LettersLetters MemosMemos ResumesResumes Web PagesWeb Pages Publications Publications

Microsoft Microsoft EXCELEXCEL

The The spreadsheet applicationspreadsheet application (Excel) (Excel) lets you work with numbers to lets you work with numbers to prepare items such as:prepare items such as:• BudgetsBudgets• SpreadsheetsSpreadsheets• GraphsGraphs• Loan payments Loan payments

amortization amortization schedulesschedules

• InvoicesInvoices• Balance Sheets and Balance Sheets and

other financial other financial statementsstatements

• TimecardTimecard

Microsoft Microsoft ACCESSACCESS

The The database applicationdatabase application (Access) (Access) organizes information such as:organizes information such as:

– AddressesAddresses– Home InventoryHome Inventory– SchedulesSchedules– LedgerLedger– Order EntriesOrder Entries– ExpensesExpenses

Microsoft Microsoft POWER POINTPOWER POINT

The The presentation applicationpresentation application (PowerPoint) can be used to create:(PowerPoint) can be used to create:

SlidesSlides OutlinesOutlines Speaker’s notesSpeaker’s notes Audience handoutsAudience handouts

Microsoft Microsoft OUTLOOKOUTLOOK

The The schedule/organization schedule/organization applicationapplication (outlook) increase your (outlook) increase your efficiency by keeping track of:efficiency by keeping track of:– E-mailE-mail– AppointmentsAppointments– TasksTasks– ContactsContacts– EventsEvents– To-do listsTo-do lists

Microsoft Microsoft PUBLISHERPUBLISHER

The The desktop publishing applicationdesktop publishing application (Publisher) helps you design professional-(Publisher) helps you design professional-looking documents such as:looking documents such as:– NewslettersNewsletters– PostcardsPostcards– BrochuresBrochures– Web sitesWeb sites– Catalogs Catalogs – Business Cards Business Cards

Microsoft Microsoft FRONTPAGEFRONTPAGE

The The web page applicationweb page application (FrontPage) enables you to:(FrontPage) enables you to:– Create andCreate and– Maintain your own web siteMaintain your own web site

Integrated SoftwareIntegrated Software

An An integrated software packageintegrated software package is a is a program that combines several program that combines several computer applications into one computer applications into one program.program.

Excellent example: Excellent example: Microsoft XP Microsoft XP Office suite Office suite is an integrated is an integrated software packagesoftware package

The EndThe End

Any Any Questions?Questions?

Working with Working with WindowsWindows

Part IIPart II

Working with WindowsWorking with Windows

The large area that is the upper part of the The large area that is the upper part of the screen is called the screen is called the DesktopDesktop. Sometimes . Sometimes people use the term people use the term DesktopDesktop to refer to to refer to everything you see on the monitor when everything you see on the monitor when WindowsWindows starts. starts.

The main purpose of the The main purpose of the DesktopDesktop is to hold is to hold shortcut iconsshortcut icons that will help you work efficiently. that will help you work efficiently.

The Desktop is really just a The Desktop is really just a folderfolder inside the inside the Windows Windows folder, so it can hold anything that any folder, so it can hold anything that any other folder can hold. Your Desktop can be other folder can hold. Your Desktop can be customized customized with pictures.with pictures.

TaskbarTaskbar

Across the Across the bottombottom of the screen we see the of the screen we see the TaskbarTaskbar. Normally it is in . Normally it is in viewview all the time. The all the time. The taskbar's main job is to taskbar's main job is to show what tasks are show what tasks are currently runningcurrently running. .

Each open application has an Each open application has an iconicon with a with a label label that shows the program and the current that shows the program and the current document, when there is room to see it! The icons document, when there is room to see it! The icons and labels for the tasks and labels for the tasks adjust in sizeadjust in size to fit the to fit the space on the Taskbar. space on the Taskbar.

In WindowsXP you may see In WindowsXP you may see double chevronsdouble chevrons on on the Taskbar when there are too many items to the Taskbar when there are too many items to show in the allowed space. When you click the show in the allowed space. When you click the chevrons, a menu list appears or the space will chevrons, a menu list appears or the space will expand to show the hidden items.expand to show the hidden items.

Application ShortcutsApplication Shortcuts

A A shortcutshortcut points to the file that runs a points to the file that runs a program, in this case MS Word and program, in this case MS Word and PaintShopPro. The PaintShopPro. The actualactual file that starts file that starts a program must a program must remainremain in the folder in the folder where it was where it was installedinstalled or else it won't or else it won't work. work.

Note that a shortcut has a Note that a shortcut has a small arrowsmall arrow at the bottom left of the icon.at the bottom left of the icon.

How is How is Information Information

Inputted into the Inputted into the Computer?Computer?

Mouse (Input Device)Mouse (Input Device)

Your Your mousemouse is a is a pointing devicepointing device. You . You use it to point to things on the computer use it to point to things on the computer screen.screen.

A mouse has at least A mouse has at least twotwo buttons - left and buttons - left and right. Some have a right. Some have a middle middle button or a button or a scroll wheelscroll wheel between the left and right between the left and right buttons. The buttons. The leftleft button is used the most button is used the most frequentlyfrequently

The normal shape for the mouse pointer is The normal shape for the mouse pointer is an arrow: an arrow:

The First MouseThe First Mouse Doug EngelbartDoug Engelbart

invented the invented the computer computer mouse in mouse in 1963-1963-6464 as part of as part of an experiment an experiment to find better to find better ways to point-ways to point-and-click on a and-click on a display screen. display screen.

Mouse- 1986Mouse- 1986

Apple Macintosh Plus mice, 1986 Apple Macintosh Plus mice, 1986

Mouse- 2006Mouse- 2006

Wireless mouse with scroll wheelWireless mouse with scroll wheel

20 years later…20 years later…