Computer HardwareComputer Hardware

Unit BUnit B

ObjectivesObjectives

Introduce Storage TechnologyIntroduce Storage Technology

Compare Storage TechnologiesCompare Storage Technologies

Compare Storage Media and Compare Storage Media and DevicesDevices

Explore Floppy Disk TechnologyExplore Floppy Disk Technology

Explore CD/DVD TechnologyExplore CD/DVD Technology

ObjectivesObjectives

Understand Expansion Slots, Understand Expansion Slots, Cards, Ports, and CablesCards, Ports, and Cables

Compare Display DevicesCompare Display Devices

Compare PrintersCompare Printers

Examine KeyboardsExamine Keyboards

Explore Peripheral DevicesExplore Peripheral Devices

Storage TechnologyStorage Technology

Storage Medium: disk, CD, DVDStorage Medium: disk, CD, DVD

Storage Device: mechanical; disk Storage Device: mechanical; disk drives, CD drivesdrives, CD drives

Storage = Medium + DeviceStorage = Medium + Device

Storage ProcessStorage Process

Data copied from storage Data copied from storage device to RAMdevice to RAMProcessed in RAM Processed in RAM – Volatile (temporary) high speed storageVolatile (temporary) high speed storage

Data copied back to storage Data copied back to storage medium (permanent)medium (permanent)Storing data is writing/saving Storing data is writing/saving filefileRetrieving data is Retrieving data is reading/loading/opening filereading/loading/opening file

Storage ComparisonStorage Comparison

Magnetic

Optical

vs.

Magnetic StorageMagnetic Storage

Magnetizes microscopic Magnetizes microscopic particles on medium surfaceparticles on medium surface

Permanent, but modifiablePermanent, but modifiable

Hard disk, floppy disk, zip Hard disk, floppy disk, zip disk and tapedisk and tape

Read-write headRead-write head

Not very durableNot very durable

Optical StorageOptical Storage

Stores data as microscopic light Stores data as microscopic light and dark spots on disk surfaceand dark spots on disk surface

Pits and landsPits and lands

Uses laser lightsUses laser lights

More durableMore durable

Comparing Storage DevicesComparing Storage Devices

VersatilityVersatility

DurabilityDurability

SpeedSpeed– Access timeAccess time– MillisecondsMilliseconds– Random vs. sequential accessRandom vs. sequential access– Data transfer rateData transfer rate

CapacityCapacity– KB, MB, GB, TBKB, MB, GB, TB– Disk densityDisk density

Comparing Storage DevicesComparing Storage Devices

Device CostDevice Cost Media CostMedia Cost CapacityCapacity

Floppy diskFloppy disk $40-99 $.30 1.44 MB

Zip diskZip disk $139 (avg) $11.00 250 MB

Fixed diskFixed disk $150 (avg) - NA - 40 GB (avg)

CD-RCD-R $130-200 $.50 680 MB

CD-RWCD-RW $130-200 $1.50 680 MB

Writable DVDWritable DVD $500 (avg) $25.00 5.2 GB

TapeTape $199 (avg) $50.00 30 GB (avg)

Adding Storage DevicesAdding Storage Devices

UpgradingUpgrading

System Unit System Unit contains drive bayscontains drive bays

Floppy Disks are PortableFloppy Disks are Portable

3½” disk: 1.44 MB 3½” disk: 1.44 MB

Zip disks (Iomega): 100 and 250 MBZip disks (Iomega): 100 and 250 MB

SuperDisks (Imation): 120 MBSuperDisks (Imation): 120 MB

Hard Disks (Fixed Disks)Hard Disks (Fixed Disks)

One or more platters with read/write One or more platters with read/write headsheadsCapacity averages 40 GBCapacity averages 40 GBVery fast access times (rpm)Very fast access times (rpm)Platters divided into tracks, sectors, Platters divided into tracks, sectors, cylindercylinderController (circuit board)Controller (circuit board)– Ultra ATUltra AT– EIDEEIDE– SCSISCSI

Head CrashHead Crash

RAIDRAID

Redundant Array of Independent Redundant Array of Independent DisksDisks

Combines two or more drivesCombines two or more drives

Faster access and protects data Faster access and protects data from lossfrom loss

Mainframes and serversMainframes and servers

CD TechnologyCD Technology

CD-ROM:CD-ROM: Compact Disk Read-Only Compact Disk Read-Only MemoryMemory– Manufactured; cannot change; 680 MBManufactured; cannot change; 680 MB

CD-R:CD-R: Compact Disk Recordable Compact Disk Recordable– You record; cannot be erased or modifiedYou record; cannot be erased or modified

CD-RW:CD-RW: Compact Disk Rewritable Compact Disk Rewritable– You record; can erase and modifyYou record; can erase and modify

Archiving DataArchiving Data

DVD TechnologyDVD Technology

Digital Video DiskDigital Video Disk

Originally alternative to VCROriginally alternative to VCR

4.7 GB4.7 GB

ManufacturedManufactured

Can play CD-ROM and most CD-Can play CD-ROM and most CD-Rs and CD-RWsRs and CD-RWs

BussesBusses

Data Bus: circuits on which Data Bus: circuits on which data travels within the data travels within the computercomputer– Between RAM and CPUBetween RAM and CPU– Between RAM and storage Between RAM and storage

devicesdevices

Expansion BusExpansion Bus– Part of data bus between RAM Part of data bus between RAM

and the peripheralsand the peripherals

Expansion Slots and CardsExpansion Slots and Cards

Cards also called Cards also called expansion boards, expansion boards, controller cards, adapterscontroller cards, adapters

Desktops have 4 to 8 slotsDesktops have 4 to 8 slots

Standard cardsStandard cards– Graphics or video cardGraphics or video card– Modem cardModem card– Sound cardSound card– Network cardNetwork card

Expansion Slot TypesExpansion Slot Types

ISA:ISA: Industry Standard Architecture Industry Standard Architecture– Older; modems and slow devicesOlder; modems and slow devices

PCI:PCI: Peripheral Component Peripheral Component InterconnectInterconnect– Fast; graphics, sound, videoFast; graphics, sound, video

AGP:AGP: Accelerated Graphics Port Accelerated Graphics Port– Fast; graphicsFast; graphics

PCMCIA (PC Card)PCMCIA (PC Card)

Personal Computer Memory Personal Computer Memory Card International AssociationCard International Association

Found on notebook computersFound on notebook computers

Type I, II, IIIType I, II, III

Expansion PortsExpansion Ports

Jacks or connectorsJacks or connectors

Mouse, keyboard, Mouse, keyboard, serial, USBserial, USB

CablesCables

Display DevicesDisplay Devices

Graphics cardGraphics card– Video memoryVideo memory– AGP expansion cardAGP expansion card– Accelerator technologyAccelerator technology

CRT: Cathode Ray TubeCRT: Cathode Ray Tube– Inexpensive and dependableInexpensive and dependable

LCD: Liquid Crystal DisplayLCD: Liquid Crystal Display– Expensive; found on notebooksExpensive; found on notebooks– Limited viewing anglesLimited viewing angles– Active Matrix or TFT (thin film transistor)Active Matrix or TFT (thin film transistor)

Display Device Image QualityDisplay Device Image Quality

Screen size (13” to 21”)Screen size (13” to 21”)Dot pitchDot pitch– Distance between like-colored pixelsDistance between like-colored pixels– .26 or .23 typical (smaller is better).26 or .23 typical (smaller is better)

ResolutionResolution– Horizontal and vertical pixels on screenHorizontal and vertical pixels on screen– 640 x 480, 800 x 600 and 1024 x 768640 x 480, 800 x 600 and 1024 x 768

Color or Bit DepthColor or Bit Depth– Number of colors that can be displayedNumber of colors that can be displayed– 24-bit (true color) = millions of colors24-bit (true color) = millions of colors

Printer Comparison CriteriaPrinter Comparison Criteria

Resolution (dpi)Resolution (dpi)

Materials Materials

CostCost

Quality Quality

vs. vs.

PricePrice

Speed (ppm or cps)Speed (ppm or cps)

Printer TypesPrinter Types

Ink Jet printerInk Jet printer

Solid Ink printerSolid Ink printer

Thermal Transfer printerThermal Transfer printer

Dye Sublimation printerDye Sublimation printer

Laser printerLaser printer

Dot Matrix printerDot Matrix printer

Ink Jet PrinterInk Jet Printer

Nozzle-like print Nozzle-like print head sprays inkhead sprays ink

Low costLow cost

Can smudgeCan smudge

Color; black and Color; black and whitewhite

Solid Ink PrinterSolid Ink Printer

Crayon-like ink is melted and Crayon-like ink is melted and sprayedsprayed

Vibrant colors on most types of Vibrant colors on most types of paperpaper

Thermal Transfer PrinterThermal Transfer Printer

Uses wax that is meltedUses wax that is melted

Needs special paper/transparenciesNeeds special paper/transparencies

ExpensiveExpensive

Dye Sublimation PrinterDye Sublimation Printer

Like wax transfer, but uses Like wax transfer, but uses heated dyeheated dye

Need special paperNeed special paper

Excellent color qualityExcellent color quality

ExpensiveExpensive

Laser PrinterLaser Printer

Same technology as photocopierSame technology as photocopier

FaxFax

High qualityHigh quality

FastFast

KeyboardsKeyboards

PeripheralsPeripherals

Device driver software on CDDevice driver software on CD

Plug and Play (PnP)Plug and Play (PnP)

TechTalk: Windows RegistryTechTalk: Windows Registry

Registry is the glue that binds Registry is the glue that binds together the PC hardware, together the PC hardware, peripherals, application and peripherals, application and system softwaresystem softwareOperating system needs to know Operating system needs to know (and registry holds)(and registry holds)– where peripherals are locatedwhere peripherals are located– what has been installedwhat has been installed– how they are configuredhow they are configured– how you want to use themhow you want to use them

Techtalk: continuedTechtalk: continued

Examples: resolution, shortcuts, Examples: resolution, shortcuts, system events, network settings, system events, network settings, uninstall routinesuninstall routines

System.dat and User.datSystem.dat and User.dat

Registry updated when you Registry updated when you install or remove hardware or install or remove hardware or softwaresoftware

IssueIssue

Why Recycle Computers?Why Recycle Computers?

Computer HardwareComputer Hardware

EndEnd