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Computer OrganizationANGELITO I. CUNANAN JR.

2What is Computer?

An electronic device used for storing and processing data.

It is a machine that can execute instructions that given by the user and operate the data base on the related instruction. The computer process the data to produce information.

The word computer was taken from Latin word Computare means “Calculate”.

3Basic Function of a Computer…

Takes input, process it according to stored instructions and produces results as output.

INPUTOUTPU

TPROCESS

STORAGE

4Three Core Aspects of Computer…

HardwarePhysical parts or components of a computer.

SoftwareSets of instructions, data, and programs that helps computers to do things.

PeoplewareWho actually use computers. People itself.

55 Categories of Hardware Device…

1. Input. These devices provide humans with a way to input data into the computer, so that the computer can process it into information.

Keyboard, Mouse, Camera, Scanner, Biometric reader…

2. Processing. These devices process your data (raw facts) into information (something useful to humans).

Central Processing Unit (CPU), Motherboard…

3. Output. These devices provide the computer with a means of outputting what it has processed.

Monitor, Printer, Projector…

65 Categories of Hardware Device… (continued)

4. Storage. These devices provide the computer with a means of storing what it has processed.

Hard drive, Memory (RAM), USB Drive…

5. Communication. These devices allow computers to communicate with other computers via computer networks, such as Local Area Networks or the Internet.

Network Card Interface (NIC), Router…

72 Main Categories of Software…

1. System. System software is the software that communicates directly with the computer. It provides the interface between you and the computer. This software can be divided into 3 main categories.

Operating System (OS)

Utilities

Language Translators

82 Main Categories of Software… (continued)

2. Applications. Applications software is software written to be “applied” to a particular task, such as creating text documents or graphics. These programs are interpreted and run by the Operating System. Applications software can be categorized into many types. Here are several categories of popular software.

Word Processing

Presentation Graphics

Spreadsheets

Database Management

Browsers

9What is Computer System?

A complete, working computer. Computer system will include the computer along with any software and peripheral devices that are necessary to make the computer function.

Basically divided into:

• Computer Architecture

• Computer Organization

10Computer Architecture

Refers to those attributes of a system visible to a programmer or, put another way, those attributes that have direct impact on the logical execution of program.

11Computer Organization

Refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications.

Integration between systems.

*Each computer version have different organization.

12Computer Classification…

CPU speed

The number of register inside CPU

Main memory size

Secondary memory size

Complexity of operating system

Physical size

Cyber memory space

The multiple-programming degree

Cost

13Function and Structure…

Structure. The way in which the components are interrelated or communicates to each other.

Function. The operation of each individual component as part of the structure.

14Function…

Four basic functions that computer can perform:

1. Data Processing

2. Data Storage

3. Data Movement

Peripheral

Data Communications

4. Control

15Function… (continued)

Functional view of computerData

Movement Apparatus

Control Mechanism

Data Processing

Facility

Data Storage Facility

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Possible Computer Operations

Movement

Control

ProcessingStorage A

Movement

Control

ProcessingStorage B

Movement

Control

ProcessingStorage C

Movement

Control

ProcessingStorage D

17Structure…

Four main structural components:

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

2. Main Memory

3. I/O

4. System interconnection

18Computer Main Structure…

ComputerSYSTEM

INTERCONNECTION

MAIN MEMORY

INPUT OUTPUT

CPU

Operating Environment(Source and Destination of Data)

Peripherals

Communication Lines

Computer

19Structure - CPU

► Registers

► Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

► Internal Bus

Three main groups of lines

1. Data bus

2. Address bus

3. Control bus

► Control Unit

20Structure – CPU (Diagram)

SYSTEM BUS

CPU

IO

MEMORY INTERNAL CPU INTERCONNECTION

ARITHMETIC LOGIC

UNIT

CONTROL UNIT

REGISTERS

CPU