fzdpapd; mwpKfk;
(FUNDERMENTAL OF THE COMPUTER)fzpdpapd; mbg;gil cs;thq;Fjy;
(receiving), Nrkpj;jy; (storing), khw;wpaikj;jy; (manupulating)
Nghd;w jpwikfisf;nfhz;l xU ,yj;jpudpay; rhjdk; fzpdp vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. nfhLf;fg;gLk; juTfis (data) khw;wpaikj;jNy
Processing vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd;NghJ RUf;Fjy;, Nrkpj;jy;,
toq;fg;gLk; juTfis kPsg;ngwy; Nghd;wtw;Wld; $l;ly;, fopj;jy;,
gpupj;jy;, ngUf;fy; Nghd;w fzpj;jy; NtiyfSk; eilngWfpd;wd. fzpdp
gytifahd juTfis cs;nsLj;J nrad;Kiwg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. fzpdp juTfis
cs;nsLg;gjw;Fr; rpy topfs; cs;sd. ,tw;wpy; nghJthdJ keyboard
KiwahFk;. mjhtJ> keyboard ,idg; gad;gLj;jpj; juTfis cs;sDg;Gjy;
MFk;. ,e;j keyboard MdJ cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdk; (Input Device) vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. juTfs; fzpdpapDs; nrd;wJk; mtw;iwr;
nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F fzpdp jahuhf ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy;> mtw;iw vt;thW>
vg;gb> vd;d nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;gnjy;yhk; fzpdpf;F Kd;dNu
nrhy;yg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,it mwpTWj;jy;fs; (instructions) my;yJ
fzpdp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; (programs) vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. myF 01
: fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd;
mwpKfk;fzpdpahdJ Fwpg;gpl;l Ntiyapidr; nra;tjw;F
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; topfhl;Lfpd;wd. fzpdp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd;
mwpTWj; jy;fs; KOikahfTk; njspthdKiwapYk; nfhLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
,it fzpdpnkhopapy; (Computer Language) nfhLf;fg;gly;Ntz;Lk;.fzpdp
nkhopfs; rpy : Basic Pascal C++ JAVA C#
juTfs; cupaKiwapy; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;lJk; tpisTfs; fzpdpiag;
gad;gLj;JNthUf;F ntspaPl;Lr; rhjdk; (Output Device) %yk;
toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER
SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;fzpdpapd; jiyKiwfs;Kjyhk;
jiyKiw 1946 1959 Kjd;ik njhopy;El;gk;fhw;W ntw;wplFoha;gpujhz
epiztfk;Jisaplg;gl;l ml;ilfs; cs;sPl;L ntspaPl;Lf;
fUtpfs;Jisaplg;gl;l ml;ilfs; fljhrpfs;nkhop,ae;jpu nkhop,aq;Fk;
mikg;Gkdpjd; Mopfis ,af;Ftjd; *yk; ,af;Fjy;msTkpfnghpa
mikg;Gcjhuzk; ENIAC, EDVAC, UNIVAC,uz;lhk; jiyKiw 1959 1964 Kjd;ik
njhopy;El;gk;Transistors gpujhz epiztfk;Magnetic tapes and Magnetic
Disk cs;sPl;L ntspaPl;Lf; fUtpfs;Magnetic tapes and Magnetic Disk
nkhopAssembly language ,aq;Fk; mikg;Gkdpjd; Jisaplg;gl;l ml;ilfis
gad;gLj;Jjy;msTrpWjhf;fg;gl;lJ IBM-1401,NCR-300,IBM-600
%z;whk; jiyKiw 1965 1970 Kjd;ik njhopy;El;gk;Integrated Circuit
(IC)gpujhz epiztfk;PROM,DRAMcs;sPl;L ntspaPl;Lf; fUtpfs;input
keyboard Monitor and Floppy disk nkhop high level language ,aq;Fk;
mikg;Gmikg;G nkd;nghUs; mwpKfg;gj;jg;gl;lJmsTrpwpaJ IBM SYSTEM
360,ICH 360, HONEY WELL-316
ehz;fhk; jiyKiw 1971 1981 Kjd;ik njhopy;El;gk;LSIC and VLSIC
(Micro Processor)gpujhz epiztfk;EPROM,SRAMcs;sPl;L ntspaPl;Lf;
fUtpfs;input keyboard Monitor and Floppy disk , Hard disk nkhop
Language and Application software ,aq;Fk; mikg;GMS DOS , PC
DOSmsTkpf rpwpaJ IBM PC , Apple Macintosh etc
fzpdpapd; tiffs; (TYPES OF THE COMPUTER) fzpdpahdJ ghu;it
mbg;gilapYk; njhopw;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapYk; ghtid mbg;gilapYk;
tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER
SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;fzpdpghu;it
mbg;gilapy;ghtidapd; mbg;gilapy;njhopw;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapy;Special
Purpose (Super Computer)General Purpose (Personal Computer)IBM
CompatibleApple CompatibleMain FrameMini FrameMicro computer
Desktop Laptop (NoteBook) Palmtop PocketAnalog : Ma;T$lq;fspy;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.Digital : nghJthd gad;ghl;by; cs;sit.Hybrid :
Muha;r;rpfSf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER
SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;njhopw;ghl;bd;; mbg;gilapy;
tifg;gLj;jy;myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01
: fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;ANALOG COMPUTERMuk;gfhyj;jpy; fzpdpfs; Analog
fzpdpfshfNt ,Ue;jd. Mdhy; je;nghOJ ,it mupjhfp Digital Computer fNs
cyif Mf;fpukpj;Js;sd. ,Ug;gpDk; Analog fzpdpfs;> Ma;T$lq;fspy;
jw;nghOJk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
ANALOG COMPUTERmyF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER
SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;DIGITAL COMPUTERS jw;NghJ
$Ljyhd gad;ghl;bYs;sit ,f;fzpdpfNs. ,t;tif fzpdpfs; 1 - 0 ,id
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Nl njhopw;gLfpd;wd.
HYBRID COMPUTER Digital Computer, Analog Computer Mfpa ,uz;bdJk;
,ay;gpid cs;slf;fpa fzpdpNa Hybrid Computer vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J
Muha;r;rpfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.ghu;it mbg;gilapy;
tifg;gLj;jy;MAINFRAME Network ,y; gy E}W fzpdpfSf;Fj; jiyikf;
fzpdpahf nraw;gLk; fzpdpNa Mainframe vdg;gLfpwJ. ,J gUkdpy; kpfTk;
ngupajhfTk;> NtfkhdjhfTk; $ba nfhs;ssT cilajhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.
myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 :
fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;
MAINFRAMEMINI COMPUTER Network ,y; mainframe cld; ,ize;J
nraw;gLk; Jizf;fzpdpfs; Mini Computer vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,it
mainframe ,idtplg; gUkdpy; rpwpaitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,tw;Wld;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f njhifapy; jdpegH fzpdpfs; ,izf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.myF 01 :
fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd;
mwpKfk;
MINI COMPUTERMICRO COMPUTER ehk; rhjhuzkhfg; gad;gLj;Jk;
Personal Computer fs; (PCs) ahTNk Micro Computer vDk; tifiar;
Nru;e;jitahFk;. ,it gad;gLj; jg;gLk; tpjj;jpw;Nfw;g
tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
mitahtd: 1. Desktop Computer
2. Laptop Computer (Notebook Computer) 3. Palmtop Computer 4.
Pocket ComputermyF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak;
01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;DESKTOP COMPUTERS ,J Micro Computer vdTk;
miof;fg;gLfpwJ. Nkirapd;Nky; itj;Jg; gad;gLj;jf;$bajhf ,Ug;gjdhy;
,jid Desktop vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;
DESKTOP COMPUTER
myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 :
fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;
DIAGRAM OF A DESKTOP COMPUTERmyF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER
SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;LAPTOP COMPUTERS ,J
Notebook Computer vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jid xU kdpjd; jdJ kbapy;
itj;Jg; Ntiy nra;tJld; vLj;Jr;nry;yf;$ba mstpy; ,yFthf cs;sJ.
mj;NjhL ,J Desktop Computer nra;Ak; Ntiyfs; midj;ijAk; nra;af;$ba
jhFk;.myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 :
fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;
LAPTOPPALMTOP COMPUTERS ,jid xU kdpjd; jdJ cs;sq;ifapy; itj;Jg;
gad;gLj;jKbAk;. ,jdhNyNa ,J Palmtop vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; xU
Desktop ,y; nra;Ak; Ntiyapd;; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gFjpapidNa
nra;aKbAk;.myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01
: fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;
PALMTOPPOCKET COMPUTERS,jid xU kdpjd; jdJ rl;ilg;igapDs;NsNa
nfhz;L nry;yf;$bathW ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,jdhNyNa ,J Pocket Computer vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; Fwpj;j xUrpy Ntiyapid kl;LNk nra;aKbAk;.
myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd;
mwpKfk;
POCKET COMPUTERghtid mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jy; SPECIAL PURPOSE
COMPUTERMuha;r;rp Nghd;w tpNrl NjitfSf;nfd tbtikf;fg;gLk; fzpdpfs;
ahTk; Special Purpose Computers vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,it Super
Computer vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTERnghJthd NjitfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
fzpdpfs; ahTk; General Purpose Computer vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. mjhtJ
mYtyfk; kw;Wk; tPl;Lg; ghtidapy; cs;s fzpdpfs; ahTk; ,t;tifapidr;
Nru;e;jitahFk;. ,it ,uz;L tiffshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. (gpujhd
epWtdq;fspd; mbg;gilapy;)mitahtd: 01. IBM Compatible Computer 02.
Apple Compatible ComputermyF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER
SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;IBM COMPATIBLE COMPUTERIBM
epWtdk; jahupf;Fk; fzpdpfSk;> NtW epWtdq;fs; jahupf;Fk; IBM
epWtdf; fzpdpfSf;F xj;jpirthd fzpdpfSk; IBM Compatible Computer vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER
SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;
IBM COMPATIBLEAPPLE COMPATIBLE COMPUTER Apple epWtdk; jahupf;Fk;
fzpdpfs; Apple Compatible Computer vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. (,t;tif
fzpdpapia Apple epWtdk; kl;LNk jahhpf;fpd;wJ.)myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;
APPLE COMPATIBLEfzpdpapd; ,af;fj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd
gFjpfs;COMPUTERHARDWARESOFTWARESYSTEM SOFTWAREEg : Windows Dos
UnixAPPLICATION SOFTWAREFIRMWARE Eg : BIOS Program PACKAGE Eg :
Access Excell WordLANGUAGEMACHINE LEVELEg : Binary LanguageLOW
LEVELEg : Assemply languageHIGH LEVELEg : Basic C++ PascalmyF 01 :
fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd;
mwpKfk;INPUT UNITCPUOUTPUT UNITHARDWARE fzpdpapid cUthf;fg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLtJk;> Software ,dhy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLtJkhd
,yj;jpudpay; gFjpfs; Hardware vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ myF 01 :
fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd;
mwpKfk;
MOTHER BOARDSOFTWAREfzpdpapdhy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w
mwpTWj;jy;fspd; gl;bay; software vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. software
gpujhdkhf %d;W gpupTfshf gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mitahtd : 01. Firm ware 02. System software 03. Application
software myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 :
fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;FIRMWAREcw;gj;jpahsh;fshy; cw;gj;jpapd;NghJ
fzpdpapd; Hardware ,y; epue;jukhfg; gjpag;gLk; xU njhFjp
mwpTWj;jy;fs; Firmware vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jid mbg;gilahf itj;Nj
fzpdpapd; Vida Software fs; ,aq;Ffpd;wd. cjhuzk; : 01. Memory
Testing 02. fzpdpia on nra;jTld; eilngWk; Muk;gr;nraw;ghLfs;. myF
01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd;
mwpKfk;SYSTEM SOFTWAREfzpdpapd; Hardware gFjpapidg;
gaDs;sjhf;Ffpd;w rfy epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fSk; System Software vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
cjhuzk; : Operating System DOS Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows
2000 Unix myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 :
fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;APPLICATION SOFTWAREfzpdpapy; Fwpg;gpl;l Ntiyfisr;
nra;Ak; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; Application Software vd miof;fg;gL
fpd;wd. ,it System Software ,id mbg;gilahf itj;Jf;nfhz;L
nraw;gLfpd;wd. Application Software MdJ gpujhdkhf ,uz;L gpupTfisf;
nfhz;Ls;sJ.
mitahtd : 01. Package 02. Programming language myF 01 :
fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd;
mwpKfk;PACKAGEfzpdpapy; Fwpg;gpl;l Ntiyapid nra;tjw;nfd jahhpf;
fg;gl;l epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; Packages vd miof;fg;gL fpd;wd.
cjhuzk; : Word Paintbrush Wordpad Notepad Excell Access myF 01 :
fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd;
mwpKfk;PROGRAMMING LANGUAGEfzpdpapy; epfo;r;rpg;gl;bay;fs;
cUthf;Ftjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Software, Programming Language vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; gpujhdkhf %d;W gpupTfs; cs;sd.
mitahtd: 01. Machine Language 02. Low Level Language 03. High
Level Language myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak;
01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;MACHINE LANGUAGE 1 ,idAk; 0 ,idAk;
gad;gLj;Jk; nkhop Binary language vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. Machine
language vd miof;fg;gLk; ,JNt fzpdp tpsq;fpf;nfhs;Sk; nkhop
ahFk;.Vida nkhopfspy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis vOjpdhYk;, mit
mtw;Wf;Fupa Translator Program fs; %yk; fzpdp nkhopahd Machine
Language ,w;F khw;wpNa nraw;gLj;jg; gLfpd;wd. myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;LOW LEVEL
LANGUAGE ,J Assembly Language vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. Vnddpy; Low
Level Language ,y; ,e;j Assembly Language kl;LNk cz;L. ,J
tpsq;ff;$ba FwpaPl;L tbtpy; mike;j nkhopahFk;. ,J> Programmer
fSf;F Machine Language ,idtpl ,yFthf tpsq;ff;$ba xU nkhopahFk;. ,k;
nkhopapy; jahupf;fg;gl;l epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fisf; fzpdp Vw;Wf;nfhs;s
khl;lhJ. vdNt ,it Machine Language ,w;F khw;wg;glNtz;Lk;. mjd;
gpd;dNu fzpdp ,e;epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpid tpsq;fpf;nfhs;Sk;;. gpd;
mjpy; cs;s mwpTWj;jy; fspd;gb njhopw;gLk;. Assembly Language ,y;
vOjg;gLk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis Machine Language ,w;F khw;Wk;
nraw;ghl;bidAk; fzpdpNa nra;fpwJ. ,jw;Fj;Njitahd nkhopngau;g;G
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lkhd (Translator Program) Assembler vDk;
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; vOjg;gl;L fzpdpnkhopAlNdNa cw;gj;jpahsu;f spdhy;
tpw;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
Assembly LanguageAssembler(Translator) Machine LanguageSource
ProgramSpecial Translator Object ProgrammyF 01 : fzpdpapd;
mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;HIGH LEVEL
LANGUAGE,k;nkhop Assembly Language ,Yk; Kd;Ndw;wfukhdJ. fzpdpf;F
Assembly Language ,y; gy mwpTWj;jy;fspy; nfhLf;f Ntz;batplak; ,e;j
nkhop%yk; xNu mwpTWj;jypy; nfhLf;ff;$bathW ,Uf;fpd;wJ. kw;Wk;
Assembly Language ,y; Program vOJtjw;F $basT mwpT Njitg;gl;lJ. vdNt
tpQ;Qhdpfs; kl;LNk mjpy; Program vOjf;$bathW ,Ue;jJ
(vOjpdhu;fs;).Mdhy;> High Level Language MdJ ,yFthdjhfTk; Mq;fpy
nkhopapy; mike;jpUg;gjdhYk; ,jpy; rhjhuz mwpTlNdNa
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis jahupf;ff;$bathW ,Ue;jJ (,Uf;fpd;wJ). gy High
Level Language fs; gy;NtW Jiwfspy; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.cjhuzk; :
Basic 6) Prolog Pascal 7) Ada COBOL 8) Delphi FORTRAN 9) Java C++
10) SQL
myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 :
fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE ,y; cs;stw;iw MACHINE LANGUAGE
,w;F khw;Wk; TRANSLATOR fs;High Level Language ,y; vOjg;gl;l
Program ,id Machine Language ,w;F khw;Wtjw;fhf ,uz;L Translator
Program fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.mitahtd: 01.Compiler 02.Interpreter
,it cw;gj;jpahsu;fspdhy; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.
High Level LanguageInterpreterCompiler Machine LanguageSource
ProgramTranslating ProgramObject ProgramFwpg;G: Machine Language
,w;F khw;wg;gl;l Object Program ,idNa fzpdp nraw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.myF 01
: fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd;
mwpKfk;COMPILER ,w;Fk;, INTERPRETER ,w;Fk; ,ilNaahd NtWghLfs;.
Compiler MdJ Source Program ,id KOikahf Memory ,y; vLj;J rupghu;j;J
mjd;gpd; Source Program ,id Machine Language ,w;F (Object Program
f;F) khw;Wfpd;wJ. khw;wpagpd; vkf;F EXE File xd;wpidj; jUfpwJ.
,e;jg; File gpd;du; mjd; Compiler ,y;yhkNy ,aq;Fk;. Mdhy;>
Interpreter MdJ Source Program ,id xt;nthU tupahf Memory f;F Vw;wp
Program ,d; fl;lis fs; rupah vdg; ghu;j;Jtpl;L clNdNa nraw;gLj;Jk;.
,jd;NghJ Program ,d; Kjy;tup rupahf ,Ue;jTlNdNa mJ
nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,uz;lhtJ tup gpioahf ,Ug;gpd; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk;
,ilapy; jilg;gl;LtpLk;. Fwpg;G: Compiler MdJ gpiofisj;
jpUj;jpagpd;dNu EXE File ,idj;jUk;. Mdhy; Interpreter Program ,id
xt;nthU thpahf rhpghHj;jTlNdNa nraw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,jd;NghJ gpio
fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lhy; me;j Program ,ilepWj;jg;gLk;.myF 01 :
fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd;
mwpKfk;fzpdpapd; ed;ikfSk; jPikfSk;(ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
THE COMPUTER)ed;ikfs; (Advantages)kpf tpiuthdJ gy kpy;ypad; fzf;fhd
fzf;Ffis xU nrf;fdpy; jPu;f;Fk; jpwd; nfhz;lJ. ,jdJ ,t;Ntfk; Nfl;];
(Hertz Hz) vDk; myfpy; msf;fg;gLfpwJ. mj;NjhL ,t;Ntfk; fzpdpf;Ff;
fzpdp khWgLfpd;wJ.2. kpfTk; jpUj;jkhdJ ,yj;jpudpay; Rw;Wf;fs;
nghwpapay; gFjpfisg;Nghd;W ,yF tpy; gOjiltjpy;iy. mj;NjhL> ,it
kpfTk; jpUj;jkhditahfTk; ek;gfkhditahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.3. epidtfk;
(Memory) ,jpy; mjpfstpyhd juTfisr; Nrkpj;Jitg;gJld; cupa Neuj;jpy;
mtw;iw kpftpiuthfTk; vLf;ff;$bajhfTs;sJ.
myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 :
fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;jPikfs; (Disadvantages)mwpTWj;jy;fs; ,y;yhky;
fzpdp vjidAk; nra;ahJ.2. kdpjdpd; Kf;fpakhd jpwd;fshd Rakhfr;
rpe;jpf;Fk; Mw;wy;> fhuzq;fisf; fz;lwpjy;> Rakhf cUthf;fy;;
Nghd;wtw;iwf; fzpdp nfhz;bUf;fkhl;lhJ.3. fzpdpahdJ
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd;gbNa nraw;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt> epfo;r;rpj;
jpl;lq;fs; gpioahf ,Ug;gpd; vg;NghJk; gpioahd ngWNgWfisNa fzpdp
jUk;.4. jtwhd juTfisf; nfhLj;jhy; jtwhd ngWNgWfNs fpilf;Fk;. myF 01
: fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd;
mwpKfk;fzpdpapd;; fl;likg;G(STRUCTURE OF COMPUTER)cs;sPl;Lg;
gFjpikar; nraw;ghl;Lg; gFjpntspaPl;Lg; gFjpve;jnthU fzpdpAk; Nky;
cs;s glk; fhl;Ltjidg;Nghy;> Kf;fpakhd %d;W mbg;gilf;
fl;likg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER
SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; fl;likg;Gfzpdpapd; mbg;gilf;
fl;likg;G(BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTER)cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs;(INPUT
DEVICES)juTfisAk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;l mwpTWj;jy;fisAk; fzpdpapDs;
mDg;gg; gad;gLk; rhjdq;fs; ahTk; cs;sPl;Lg; gFjp my;yJ cs;sPl;Lr;
rhjdq;fs; vd miof;fg; gLfpd;wd.rpy cs;sPl;Lr;rhjdq;fs; : 1.
Keyboard 2. Mouse 3. Scanner 4. Light Pen 5. Magnetic Disk 6.
Magnetic Tape 10. Modem 11. Digital Camera
myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 :
fzpdpapd;; fl;likg;GKEYBOARD ,J fzpdpapDs; juTfisAk;
mwpTWj;jy;fisAk; cs;sDg;G tjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gpujhdkhd
cs;sPl;Lr;rhjdkhFk;. myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER
SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; fl;likg;G
PS2 KEYBOARDMOUSE ,J fzpdpapDs; mwpTWj;jy;fis cs;sDg;Gtjw;Fg;
gad; gLj;jg;gLk; gpujhdkhd cs;sPl;Lr;rhjdkhFk;. myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; fl;likg;G
PS2 MOUSE
TRACKBALL MOUSE
SCROLL MOUSE
Hand held scanner
Flatbed scanner
Light Pen
Digital cameramyF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER
SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; fl;likg;G
External Modem
Internal modemmyF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER
SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; fl;likg;Gikar;nraw;ghl;Lj;
njhFjp(CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT CPU) fzpdpapd; %is my;yJ ,jak; vd ,J
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.CPU MdJ fzpj> kw;Wk; ju;f;fuPjpahd jPu;Tfis
vLg;gJld;> fzpdpapd; rfyghfq;fisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,J
Processor vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
ekJ ghtidapy; cs;s rpy Processors : 1. AMD 2. Cyrix 3. Intel myF
01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd;
fl;likg;G
Intel Processor
Cyrix Processor
AMD ProcessormyF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER
SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; fl;likg;GCPU ,d; njhopw;ghl;Lf;
fl;likg;Gexternal memoryarithmatic logic unitcontrol unitOutput
devicesInput devicescache memoryCPUControl signalData signalmyF 01
: fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd;
fl;likg;GCPU ,d; gpujhd njhopw;ghLfs;eilngwNtz;ba njhlu;r;rpahd
njhopw;ghLfis> epidtfj;jpy; Nrkpf;fg; gl;Ls;s mwpTWj;jy;fspd;
mbg;gilapy; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.cs;sPl;Lj; njhFjpapdhy; mDg;gg;gLk;
juTfisAk; mwpTWj;jy;fisAk; mjDila gpujhd epidtfj;jpy; (Main Memory
,y;) Nrkpf;fpd;wJ.fzpdpapd; rfy gFjpfSf;Fkhd fl;lisfis
toq;Ffpd;wJ.juTfs; nrad;Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;LtUk; tpisTfis ntspaPl;Lj;
njhFjpapw;F mDg;Gfpd;wJ.
fl;Lg;ghl;Lj;njhFjp(CONTROL UNIT),J fzpdpapy; kpf Kf;fpakhd
gFjpahFk;. ,J fzpdpapd; Vida ghfq; fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk;
xUq;fpizj;jy; Nghd;w nrw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs; fpd;wJ.myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd;
fl;likg;Gfl;Lg;ghl;Lj; njhFjpapdhy; epiwNtw;wg;gLk;
nraw;ghLfs;cs;sPl;L rhjdq;fspypUe;JtUk; juTfisAk; mwpTWj;jy;fisAk;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wJ. gpd;du; mtw;wpid epidtfj;jpy; Nrkpj;J Njit
ahdNghJ vLg;gjw;fhd fl;lisiag; gpwg;gpf;fpwJ.nfhLf;fg;gLk;
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspd; mwpTWj;jy;fSf;fhd fl;lis fisf; fzpdpapd;
Vida gFjpfSf;F mDg;Gfpd;wJ.fzpj kw;Wk; ju;f;fuPjpahd
nraw;ghLfSf;Fupa fl;lisfis toq;F fpd;wJ.kw;iwa vy;yhg; gFjpfSf;Fupa
fl;lisfis mDg;Gtjd;%yk; mtw;iwf; fl;Lg;gLj;jp>
xUq;fpizf;fpd;wJ.myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER
SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; fl;likg;Gfzpj kw;Wk; ju;f;fuPjpahd
njhFjp(ARITHMATIC AND LOGIC UNIT) ,J gpujhdkhf ,uz;L njhopw;ghLfis
Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ. fzpjr; nraw;ghLfisr; nra;tJld; mjd; ngWNgWfis
epidtfj;jpw;F mDg;Gfpd;wJ.
2. ju;f;fuPjpahd njhopw;ghLfisr; nra;fpd;wJ. myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd;
fl;likg;GntspaPl;Lr;rhjdq;fs;(OUTPUT DEVICES)fzpdpapdhy; Process
nra;ag;gl;;l ngWNgWfisg; ghtidahsUf;F toq;fg; gad;gLk; rhjdq;fs;
ahTk; ntspaPl;Lg; gFjp my;yJ ntspaPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs; vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.rpy ntspaPl;Lr;rhjdq;fs; : 1. Printer 2. Monitor
3. Magnetic Disk 4. Optical Disk 5. Speaker 6. Plotter 7. ModemmyF
01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd;
fl;likg;GPRINTER,r;rhjdkhdJ fzdpapDs; ,Uf;Fk; juTfisNah my;yJ
ngwNtz;ba output fisNah xU jhspy; mr;Rg;gjpj;Jj;jUk; rhjdkhFk;. ,it
gpujhdkhf %d;W tifahfg; gpupf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
mitahtd : 1. Inkjet Printer 2. Laser Printer 3. Dotmatrix
Printer
myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 :
fzpdpapd; fl;likg;G
Inkjet printer
Laser printer
Dotmatrix printerMONITORfzpdpf;F cq;fshy; toq;fg;gLk;
mwpTWj;jy;fs; Process nra;ag;gl;lgpd; mjw;fhd tpisTfs; ,e;j Monitor
,d; jpiuapy; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Monitor MdJ Black and White
MfNth my;yJ Colour MfNth ,Uf;fyhk;. myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; fl;likg;G
MONITORmyF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 :
fzpdpapd; fl;likg;G
Internal modem
External Modem
Speaker
Magnetic Disk
Optical disk
PlottermyF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 :
fzpdpapd; fl;likg;Gfzpdpapd; epidtfk;(COMPUTER MEMORY)Primary
Memory (gpujhd epidtfk;) Secondary Memory (Jiz epidtfk;)MOS Bipolar
SemiconductorBubbleMagneticOpticalMagnetic & OpticalRAMROM
PROMEPROMEAPROMeg: Magnetic Tapes Floppy Diskeg: DVD CD
(5.25/3.5)eg: Floptical DiskFloppy 5.25 (B)Floppy 3.5
(A)epidtfq;fs;juTfs;> jfty;fs;> mwpTWj;jy;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwg;
gjpe;Jitf;fg; gad;gLk; fzpdpapd; gFjp epidtfk; (memory) vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. fzpdpfs; ,yj;jpudpay; Kiwapy; juTfisr;
Nrkpf;fpd;wd. ,r;nraw;ghLfs; kpd;Jbg;Gf;fis czUk; Rw;Wf;fs;%yk;
eilngWfpd;wd.myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak;
01 : fzpdpapd; fl;likg;G
gpujhd epidtfk; (PRIMARY MEMORY OR MAIN MEMORY)jw;fhyj;jpy;
chips ,dhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l gpujhd epidtfk;, semiconductor memory
Mfpatw;wpy; memory chips IC tbtq;fspNyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wd. kpfr;rpwpa
gFjpapDs; gyE}W ,yj;jpudpay; gFjpjpfisf;nfhz;l Rw;Wf;fs; IC vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j IC fis cUthf;Ftjw;Fg; gpujhdkhf ,uz;L
njhopDl;gq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. mitahtd: MOS (Metal Oxide
Semiconductor) ,idg; gad;gLj;Jjy;. Bipolar Semiconductor ,idg;
gad;gLj;Jjy;.
MOSMOS MdJ Fiwe;j kpd;rf;jpAld; nrw;glf;$bajhFk;. ,t;tif
epidtfq;fis ,uz;L tiffshfg; gpupf;fyhk;. RAM (Random Access Memory
epiyah epidtfk;) ROM (Read Only Memory mopah epidtfk;)
myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 :
fzpdpapd; fl;likg;GRAMthrpg;gjw;Fk; gjptjw;Fkhd epidtfkhFk;. ,q;F
fzpdpahdJ off MFk;NghJ ,e;j epidtfj;jpy; gjpe;Jitj;jpUe;jit ahTk;
mope;JtpLk;.
myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 :
fzpdpapd; fl;likg;GROM,e;epidtfj;jpy; gjpe;Js;stw;iw thrpf;fkl;LNk
KbAk;. ,jpYs;stw;iw mopf;fNth my;yJ khw;wk; nra;aNth KbahJ.
ROM ,d; tiffs;1. PROM (Programable ROM)2. EPROM (Erasable
Programable ROM)3. EAPROM (Electrically Alternate Programable
ROM)
Bubble Memory,J kpfr;rpwpa fhe;jg;Gyq;fspdhy; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
,q;F Bubbles(Fkpo;fs;) cUthfpdhy; 1 vdTk;> Bubbles cUthftpy;iy
vdpy; 0 vdTk; nfhs;sg;gl;Lj; juTfs; gjpag;gLfpd;wd. ,jw;fhd
kpd;toq;fy; Jz;bf;fg;gl;lhYk; ,jpYs;sit mopakhl;lhJ. myF 01 :
fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd;
fl;likg;GJiz epidtfk;(SECONDARY MEMORY OR AUXILIARY MEMORY) ,q;F
gjpag;gLgit mopahky; epue;jukhf ,Ug;gjdhy; ,J NonVolatile Memory vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mjhtJ CPU MdJ ,aq;fhky; off epiyf;F te;jhYk;
,jpy; gjpag;gl;Ls;sit mope;JNghfhJ. ,J Main Memory I tpl Ntfk;
Fiwe;jJ. ,J 3 tifg;gLk;. mitahtd : 1. Magnetic 2. Optical 3.
Floptical
myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 :
fzpdpapd; fl;likg;G1. MAGNETIC1. Magnetic Tape ,J rhjhuzkhd
xypg;gjpT ehlhtpy; ghly;fisg; gjptJNghyNt juTfisg; gjpfpd;wJ. ,r;
rhjdk; fzpdpapYs;s jfty;> juTfis Nrkpj;J itg;gjw;Fg;(Backup)
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
ed;ikfs; : 1. kypthdJ. 2. mjpf nfhs;ssT cilaJ.jPikfs; : 1.
J}R> ntg;gk;> fhe;jk; Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J ghJfhf;fNtz;ba
mtrpaKs;sJ. 2. jfty;fisj; Njb vLg;gjw;fhd Neuk; mjpfk;.
myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 :
fzpdpapd; fl;likg;G2. Floppy Disk ,J xU Magnetic Disk MFk;. ,jpy;
,uz;L tifAz;L. mitahtd : 1. 5.25 (B) Floppy 2. 3.50 (A) Floppy
myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 :
fzpdpapd; fl;likg;G
3.50(A) Floppy
5.25(B) Floppy2. OPTICAL
1.Optical Disk ,t;tif disk fspy; juTfisg; gjptjw;Fk;
thrpg;gjw;Fk; Laser njhopDl;gk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. Optical Disk
CD (Compact Disk) DVD (Digital Video Disk) ROM Read Only Memory
RWROMRW - ReWritable (650 MB 700 MB) (650 MB 700 MB) (4.7GB 18 GB)
(4.7GB 18 GB) myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak;
01 : fzpdpapd; fl;likg;G3. MAGNETIC & OPTICAL
Floptical Disk fhe;jtpay; njhopDl;gk;> Nyru; njhopDl;gk; Mfpa
,uz;L njhopDl;gq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jpj; jfty;fs; gjpag;gLk; Disk,
Floptical Disk vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jdJ nfhs;ssT 20 Mega Bytes
,idtpl mjpfkhdjhFk;. ,jdsT 3.5 Mf ,Ue;jhYk; ,jw;Fj; jdpahd Drive
Njit.myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 :
fzpdpapd; fl;likg;G
FLOPPY DISK ,d; cs;sikg;GSectorTrack1-Track 2-Sector0-Track
0-SectormyF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 :
fzpdpapd; fl;likg;GDisks If; ifahSk;NghJ
ftdj;jpw;nfhs;sNtz;baitMagnetic Disks ,y; fhe;j Nkw;gug;gpNyNa
jfty;fs; gjpag;gLfpd;wd. 3.5 Floppy Disk ,y; ,e;j Nkw;gug;G Plastic
Cover ,dhy; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jf; Cover cile;jpUe;jhy;>
me;j Disk ,idg; gad;gLj;jf;$lhJ. Vnddp;y; ,J Disk Drive ,id
epue;jukhfg; gOjilar; nra;JtpLk;.3.5 Floppy Disk ,d;
Nkw;gug;gpy;> fhe;j Nkw;gug;ig %bAs;s Metal Protective Slider I
efu;j;jf;$lhJ. Vnddpy; if milahsq;fspdhYk;> J}rpfspdhYk;
jfty;fs; ,of;fg;glyhk;.Disks ,y; gad;gLj;jhj Ntisfspy;> mtw;iw
mtw;Wf;Fupa ghJfhg;ghd ,lq;fspy; itf;fNtz;Lk;. (Eg :- DiskBox)TV,
Speaker Nghd;wtw;wpy; cs;s fhe;jq;fspdhy; cUthf;fg;gLk;
fhe;jg;Gyq;fs; Disk ,y; cs;s jfty;fis mopf;ff;$baJ.
,t;thwhdtw;wpw;F mUfpy; Magnetic Disks I itf;ff;$lhJ.ntg;gkhd
nghUl;fSf;fz;ikapy; Disks I itf;ff;$lhJ. ntg;gkhdJ Plastic Cover
,id cUkhw;wpdhy; Magnetic Disk gOjile;JtpLk;.myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
mbg;gilCOMPUTER SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd;
fl;likg;Gjfty;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf mNdfkhd Disks (Floppy) write
Protect Tab ,id my;yJ Notch ,idf; nfhz;Ls;sd. Write Protect Notch
MdJ ON epiyapy; ,Ug;gpd; jfty;fis thrpf;fkl;LNk KbAk;;> gjpaNth
my;yJ khw;wk;nra;aNth KbahJ.Disk ,aq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ> Disk
Drive ,Ys;s LED vupAk;. ,jd;NghJ Disk ,id ntspNa vLf;ff;$lhJ.CD ,d;
cl;gFjpapy; fPwy;fs; vjidAk; Vw;gltplf;$lhJ ,jdhy; mjpy;
gjpag;gl;Ls;s rpy jfty;fis thrpf;fKbahky; ,Uf;Fk;. CD ,d;
ntspg;gFjpapy; (Nky;gFjpapy;) xl;lg;gl;bUf;Fk; Sticker ,id xUNghJk;
cupf;ff;$lhJ. Vnddpy; me;j Sticker ,y;iynadpy; juTfis thrpg;gjw;fhf
mDg;gg;gLk; Laser Beams Reflect nra;akhl;lhJ. ,jdhy; juTfis thrpf;f
KbahJNgha;tpLk;.myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gilCOMPUTER
SCIENCEmj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; fl;likg;G
