gave an average % ratio of 16.9 and 13.7 while there was a sharp drop m the older samples indicating the decline in potency of samples stored for longer than 2 years. The relationship between the amount of CBN (decomposition product of THC) and the THC + CBN content can be used to determine the approximate age of the sample. The smaller the ratio, the more recent is the sample. Under tropical conditions, this ratio change is about 12% and 3.5% per year for charas and ganja samples respectively, compared with 21% for mano samples (temperate weather). Generally below 3O’N latitude only charas resin is encountered, Only a rough estimate may be made regarding the rate of deterioration under tropical conditions. However, the UN sample of A-9-THC decomposed at a rate of 15% per year. There is a marked reduction in % THC content (13.6) confirming that the degradation does not necessarily yield only CBN. In the UN samples 351 and 350, the THC + CBN content had been reduced by nearly 50% after 2.5 years of storage. Niederer, P. (Zurich, Switzerland) COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF CAR-PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENTS In the past several experimental studies of pedestrian-car accidents have been performed for the purpose of analyzing the accident dynamics and injury mechanisms. To date relatively little has been done to improve available reconstruction techniques which would also help in delineating preventive measures. It appears that mathematical models may substan- tially improve our insight into the course of events. Today the computerized simulation of entire accidents has become possible by the development of suitable computer models, e.g., the CALSPAN 3-dimensional crash victim simulation program or the IBT 2- dimensional accident simulation program. In these models the victim is simulated in the form of a system of rigid bodies connected by joints. The associated differential equations of motion are integrated taking into account the influence of forces exerted by the vehicle in the particular accident situation. Once these programs are validated by comparison with selected and representative accidents or experiments, parametric studies covering a wide range can readily be made at minimal cost. Problems examined in such a way include: -- influence of the impact speed and the force deflection characteristics of the vehicle front end under attained force levels and related injuries, - accident reconstruction, especially the influence of the impact speed and the shape of the vehicle on the final distance between the victim and the vehicle, -- optimization of front end car construction. Niyogi, S. K. (Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A.) ELEVATION OF ENZYME LEVELS IN SERUM DUE TO ABRUS PRECATURZUS POISONING A brus precatorius of the order of Leguminosae is a tropical ornamen- tal vine. Its seeds are commonly known as jequirity bean, rosary pea,

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Page 1: Computerized simulation and reconstruction of car-pedestrian accidents

gave an average % ratio of 16.9 and 13.7 while there was a sharp drop m the older samples indicating the decline in potency of samples stored for longer than 2 years.

The relationship between the amount of CBN (decomposition product of THC) and the THC + CBN content can be used to determine the approximate age of the sample. The smaller the ratio, the more recent is the sample. Under tropical conditions, this ratio change is about 12% and 3.5% per year for charas and ganja samples respectively, compared with 21% for mano samples (temperate weather). Generally below 3O’N latitude only charas resin is encountered, Only a rough estimate may be made regarding the rate of deterioration under tropical conditions. However, the UN sample of A-9-THC decomposed at a rate of 15% per year. There is a marked reduction in % THC content (13.6) confirming that the degradation does not necessarily yield only CBN. In the UN samples 351 and 350, the THC + CBN content had been reduced by nearly 50% after 2.5 years of storage.

Niederer, P. (Zurich, Switzerland) COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF CAR-PEDESTRIAN

ACCIDENTS

In the past several experimental studies of pedestrian-car accidents have been performed for the purpose of analyzing the accident dynamics and injury mechanisms. To date relatively little has been done to improve available reconstruction techniques which would also help in delineating preventive measures. It appears that mathematical models may substan- tially improve our insight into the course of events.

Today the computerized simulation of entire accidents has become possible by the development of suitable computer models, e.g., the CALSPAN 3-dimensional crash victim simulation program or the IBT 2- dimensional accident simulation program. In these models the victim is simulated in the form of a system of rigid bodies connected by joints. The associated differential equations of motion are integrated taking into account the influence of forces exerted by the vehicle in the particular accident situation. Once these programs are validated by comparison with selected and representative accidents or experiments, parametric studies covering a wide range can readily be made at minimal cost. Problems examined in such a way include: -- influence of the impact speed and the force deflection characteristics of the vehicle front end under attained force levels and related injuries, - accident reconstruction, especially the influence of the impact speed and the shape of the vehicle on the final distance between the victim and the vehicle, -- optimization of front end car construction.

Niyogi, S. K. (Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A.) ELEVATION OF ENZYME LEVELS IN SERUM DUE TO ABRUS PRECATURZUS POISONING

A brus precatorius of the order of Leguminosae is a tropical ornamen- tal vine. Its seeds are commonly known as jequirity bean, rosary pea,