Comrade Number Eleven (XI)

8/11/2019 Comrade Number Eleven (XI)

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Comrade Number Eleven (XI)

September 30, 2014

When President Xi Jinping of the Peoples Republic of hin!, "isited #ndi!, !n

#ndi!n $oordh!rsh!n tele"ision ne%sre!der &ept referring to the President

!s 'President (le"en Jinping)*

(ither the ne%sre!der h!d !n irrepressible sense of humour, or %hole

episodes of hum!n histor+ th!t p!ssed th!t %orth+ b+ she did not &no%th!t -!tin %!s no longer the .lingu! fr!nc! of the %orld !nd .Xi %!s

pronounced some%h!t li&e .Sh&i in (nglish, r!ther th!n the numeric!l 11)

$e/nitel+ ibbons monument!l %or& .he $ecline !nd !ll of the Rom!n

(mpire %!s not on th!t %orth+s school re!ding list) $oordh!rsh!n

promptl+ /red the l!d+

ut in this er! of d+n!stic politics, one c!n s+mp!thise %ith the reporter for
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2/12

t!&ing refuge in numbers, %hen confronted %ith .Xi 5fter !ll it %!s not so

long !go th!t the Pol Pot Regime in 6hmer Republic h!d their le!dership

c!dres cl!ssi/ed !s rother 7umber 8ne, rother 7umber %o, etc)

ert!inl+, loo&ing !round the 5si!n region, d+n!stic politics in #ndi! 9 the

h!ndis, :ul!+!m Singhs, -!loo ;!d!"s !nd the d+n!sties of :umb!i !nd

!mil 7!du, the huttos of P!&ist!n, the t%o egums of !ngl!desh, the

d+n!stic politics of -!n&!, the !+ooms of the :!ldi"es, the R!

:!l!+si!, the :!rcos !nd their successors in the Philippines, the -ee f!mil+

in Sing!pore, the P!r& f!mil+ in South 6ore!, the 6ims in 7orth 6ore!, the

list goes on !nd on

8ne c!n forgi"e th!t #ndi!n tele"ision reporter for surmising th!t Jinping

%!s 11th !mong the d+n!stic le!ders in the Peoples Republic of hin! %ho

c!lled the shots) he n!mes !re so repetiti"e th!t gi"ing them numbers is

the onl+ %!+ to bring in ! sembl!nce of coherence to the s+stem) ("en Pol

Pot seems to h!"e h!d common sense)

he f!ct is President Xi is ! "irtu!l d+n!stic ruler, %h!t the hinese

ommunists c!ll ! 'Princeling* =is f!ther Xi >hong?un %!s ! hero of the

hinese Re"olution =e %!s one of the /rst gener!tion of hinese

ommunist le!ders 5 guerrill! /ghter in the 1@30s, Xi 7umber 8ne bec!me

! $eput+ Prime :inister under :!o, but %!s purged in the 1@A0s !nd spent

+e!rs under house !rrest until he %!s reh!bilit!ted in 1@BC


3/12

Xi 7umber 8ne is credited %ith h!"ing helped l!unch the Shenone hree +e!rs !fter Xi 7umber 8ne died, ! gr!nite st!tute

%!s erected in 200D #n 2013, %hich %ould h!"e been Xi 7umber 8nes 100

birth !nni"ers!r+, three boo&s %ere published !bout him 5 si?Ep!rt

tele"ision document!r+ %!s sho%n on n!tion!l F 5 s+mposium %!s held

in eiGing on his life !nd t%o commemor!ti"e post!ge st!mps %ere issued

Some d+n!st+)

-!n&!n d+n!stic tendencies

he -!n&!n situ!tion h!s !lso d+n!stic tendencies 5 loo& !t the progen+

!nd other rel!ti"es of P!rli!ment!ri!ns %ho !re in the Pro"inci!l ouncils,

the Pr!deshi+! S!bh!s !nd the other loc!l go"ernment !uthorities %ill

cle!rl+ indic!te the seriousness of the issue #t is reported th!t out of the 34

:embers of the H"! Pro"inci!l ouncil elected recentl+, 1B !re rel!ti"es of

those !lre!d+ in politics

ut this is nothing ne% Sri -!n&! h!s ! long histor+ of politic!l d+n!sties

he l!te respected S!m WiGesinh!, oneEtime Secret!r+ ener!l of

P!rli!ment, once Iuoted ritish politic!l comment!tor P!ul Johnson on the

politici!ns of former ritish colonies, to the eect th!t .the former olonies


4/12

bec!me pre+ for the gre!t hum!n scourge of the 20th centur+ 9 the

profession!l politici!n #n truth Johnson should be p!r!phr!sed to re!d !s

.the gre!t hum!n scourge of the 20th centur+ 9 the profession!l politic!l

d+n!st+)

5 cursor+ gl!nce !t the Sri -!n&! situ!tion %ill, %ithout doubt, elicit

s+mp!th+ for the 'President (le"en Jinping* error

R!G!p!&s! politic!l d+n!st+

-ets st!rt %ith the current dispens!tion 9 the R!G!p!&s! politic!l d+n!st+ in

iru%! P!ttu%! in Ruhunu st!rts %ith $: R!G!p!&s!, member of the St!te

ouncil, the f!bled .-ion of Ruhun! With his sudden demise in 1@4D, $5

R!G!p!&s!, his brother, %!s elected uncontested to the St!te ouncil

$5 R!G!p!&s!s eldest son, h!m!l, is the present Spe!&er of P!rli!ment

:!hind! R!G!p!&s!, !nother son of $5, is the President of the Republic

5nother son of $5, !sil R!G!p!&s!, is the :inister of (conomic

$e"elopment President :!hind!s son, r!ndson of $5, 7!m!l, is !lso !

:ember of P!rli!ment

he Spe!&ers son, Sh!sheendr!, !nother gr!ndson, is the hief :inister of

the H"! Pro"ince $: R!G!p!&s!s son, -!&shm!n, %!s elected to

P!rli!ment in 1@4B 5nother of $:s sons, eorge, %!s elected to

P!rli!ment in 1@A0 eorges d!ughter, 7irup!m!, is ! :ember of

P!rli!ment

R!t%!tte politic!l d+n!st+

5nother d+n!st+, %hich est!blished itself in the politic!l /rm!ment in Sri

-!n&!, is the descend!nts of R!t%!tte $iss!%! of :!t!le, %ho %!s !


5/12

sign!tor+ to the 6!nd+!n on"ention of 1C1D

5dig!r Sir J!+!til!&! ud!h R!t%!tte %!s the /rst uddhist :ember of the

(?ecuti"e ouncil !t the time e+lon %!s ! ritish colon+ !nd ! nomin!ted

member of the -egisl!ti"e ouncil =e %!s elected uncontested to the

!l!ngod! constituenc+ in the /rst St!te ouncil in 1@31 =e %!s !lso the

/rst :!+or of the 6!nd+ :unicip!l ouncil

5dig!r R!t%!ttes eldest son, 5- R!t%!tte, :( %!s !lso elected

:!+or of 6!nd+ 5dig!r R!t%!ttes nephe%, W5 R!t%!tte, %!s elected to

P!rli!ment to represent the =!put!le se!t W5 R!t%!ttes son, :ilro+

R!t%!tte, %!s :!+or of !dull! 5dig!r R!t%!ttes brother, =- R!t%!tte,

%!s elected to P!rli!ment from the 6eg!lle !nd :!%!nell! se!ts

=-s son, 5nuruddh! -eu&e R!t%!tte, the 5dig!rs nephe%, %!s ! member

of the 6!nd+ :unicip!l ouncil !nd elected to P!rli!ment in 1@C@

5nuruddh!s eldest son, -oh!n, is ! :ember of P!rli!ment from the 6!nd+

$istrict !nd !nother of 5nuruddh!s sons, :!hendr!, is currentl+ :!+or of

6!nd+


6/12

5dig!r R!t%!ttes brother !rnes %!s !ppointed to the Sen!te of the

P!rli!ment of e+lon in 1@4B liord, son of !rnes R!t%!tte, %!s elected

to P!rli!ment in 1@A0 from the !l!ngod! elector!te =is %ife, :!lli&!

(ll!%!l! R!t%!tte, %!s !lso elected to P!rli!ment from the !l!ngod! set in

1@AA, %hen her husb!nd %!s disIu!li/ed on !n election petition

!nd!r!n!i&e politic!l d+n!st+

he !nd!r!n!i&e d+n!st+ in Sri -!n&! politics, begins %ith SWR$

!nd!r!n!i&e, son of :!h! :udli+!r Sir Solomon $i!s !nd!r!n!i&e

SWR$ %!s elected uncontested to the Fe+!ngod! se!t in 1@31 elections

5fter his !ss!ssin!tion %hile being Prime :inister in 1@D@, his %ido%

Sirim!"o R!t%!tte !nd!r!n!i&e, d!ughter of !rnes R!t%!tte, entered

politics !nd %!s elected to the Sen!te of the P!rli!ment in 1@A0 She l!ter

contested !nd %on the 5tt!n!g!ll! se!t =er d!ughter h!ndri&! %!s

successi"el+ hief :inister of the Western Pro"ince K1@@3L, Prime :inister

in 1@@4, !nd President of the Republic Sirim!"os son 5nur! %!s elected to


7/12

P!rli!ment in 1@BB

5lu%ih!re politic!l d+n!st+

he 5lu%ih!re d+n!st+ tr!ces its line!ge b!c& to ! ener!l in R!G!sinh! the

2nds !rm+, W!nnise&er! :udi+!nse 5lu%ih!re =is descend!nt,

W!nnise&er! !nd!r!n!+!&e W!s!l! :udi+!nse R!l!h!mil!ge Hd!

W!l!u%e ern!rd =erbert 5lu%ih!re K= 5lu%ih!re 9 the /rst 5si!n

!chelor of i"il -!%s from !mbridge Hni"ersit+L, %!s elected from the

:!t!le constituenc+ to the 1@3A St!te ouncil !nd l!ter to P!rli!ment

#n 1@A1 his nephe%, 5lic& 5lu%ih!re, %!s elected to P!rli!ment 5lic&

5lu%ih!res son, R!nGith, %!s elected to P!rli!ment !nd the entr!l

Pro"inci!l ouncil 5nother son, W!s!nth!, %!s the hief :inister of the

entr!l Pro"inci!l ouncil

Sen!n!+!&e politic!l d+n!st+

he Sen!n!+!&e d+n!st+ from ot!le, :irig!m!, h!ils b!c& to $on Sp!ter

Sen!n!+!&e, %ho %!s m!de ! :ud!li+!r in recognition of his %or& in the

emper!nce :o"ement =is son, R Sen!n!+!&e, %!s ! member of the

olombo :unicip!l ouncil

$on Sp!ters +oungest son, $S Sen!n!+!&e, %!s /rst elected to the

-egisl!ti"e ouncil !s the member for 7egombo in 1@24 $S %!s elected

to the /rst St!te ouncil from the :inu%!ngod! elector!te $S %!s

independent e+lons /rst Prime :inister $Ss son $udle+ %!s elected to

the second St!te ouncil from the $edig!m! elector!te, he %!s !lso Prime

:inister

R Sen!n!+!&es son R %!s elected to the St!te ouncil in 1@44, to

succeed Sirip!l! S!m!r!&&od+, his brotherEinEl!%, to the 7!r!mm!l! se!t

5t one time he represented t%o constituencies in P!rli!ment 9

$!mb!deni+! !nd 6el!ni+! Ru&m!n Sen!n!+!&e, son of $udle+s brother

Robert, %!s elected to P!rli!ment in 1@B3 Ru%!n WiGe%!rdene, son of

Roberts d!ughter R!nGini, is ! currentl+ ! :ember of P!rli!ment

J!+e%!rdene politic!l d+n!st+he d+n!st+ of $on 5dri!n WiGesinh! J!+e%!rdene, %ho %!s ! :ud!li+!r

ser"ing the ritish coloni!l !dministr!tion he /rst member of his f!mil+ to

enter politics %!s =ector 5lfred J!+!%!rden!, %ho %!s ! member of the

olombo :unicip!l ouncil

=is brother (W %!s !lso ! member of the olombo :unicip!l ouncil

5nother brother, heodore odfre+, %!s elected to the -egisl!ti"e ouncil


8/12

in 1@33 (W J!+e%!rdenes son, JR J!+e%!rdene, %!s elected to St!te

ouncil in 1@43 from the 6el!ni+! elector!te -!ter he %!s ! Prime :inister

!nd the /rst (?ecuti"e President of Sri -!n&!

WiGe%!rdene politic!l d+n!st+

he descend!nts of $on Philip WiGe%!rdene h!"e !lso pl!+ed ! role in Sri

-!n&!s d+n!stic politics =is %ife, $on =elen! WiGe%!rdene, %!s !

benef!ctor of the 6el!ni+! R!G! :!h! Fih!r!+! he %ife of ! descend!nt,

$ WiGe%!rdene, Wim!l! WiGe%!rdene entered P!rli!ment in 1@DA from

the :irig!m! elector!te

=er d!ughters husb!nd R elig!mm!n! %!s elected to P!rli!ment from

:!%!nell! in 1@D2 5nother descend!nt, R!nil Wic&remesinghe, %!s

elected to P!rli!ment in 1@BB !nd %!s ! l!ter ! Prime :inister !nd le!der of

the 8pposition

6ot!l!%el! politic!l d+n!st+

he descend!nts of John 6ot!l!%el!, ! retired Police oMcer !nd

entrepreneur, h!"e !lso been ! p!rt of Sri -!n&!s d+n!stic politics he

eldest son, Sir John 6ot!l!%el!, entered the St!te ouncil in 1@31 from the

6uruneg!l! se!t =e l!ter %!s Prime :inister

5nother rel!ti"e, Sir =enr+ 6ot!l!%el!, %!s ! member of the !dull! -oc!l

o"ernment bod+ for m!n+ +e!rs !nd in 1@21 %!s elected to the

-egisl!ti"e ouncil to represent H"! #n 1@31 he %!s elected to the St!te

ouncil from !dull! constituenc+

Sir =enr+s eldest son, l!d%in 6ot!l!%el!, entered P!rli!ment in 1@DD from

the utt!l! elector!te Sir =enr+s +ounger brother, J!c& KJL 6ot!l!%el!,

%!s elected to P!rli!ment in 1@4B !s the second member of the multiE

member constituenc+ of !dull!

Sir John 6ot!l!%el!s /rst cousin, eorge 6ot!l!%el!, %!s !ppointed b+ the

Supreme ourt to the !nd!r!g!m! se!t !nd decl!red to be the

represent!ti"e for the !nd!r!g!m! constituenc+, !fter the e!rlier elected

incumbent %ho defe!ted him !t the elections %!s unse!ted on !n electionpetition he other :Ps %ould refer to him in Gest !s =on :ember for the

Supreme ourt in =ulftsdorp) Sir Johns +ounger brother, Justin, %!s elected

to the Sen!te in 1@4B

P!n!bo&&e politic!l d+n!st+

he P!n!bo&&e d+n!st+ h!s !lso pl!+ed ! role in Sri -!n&!s politics

P!n!bo&&e %!s born in 1C4A, to -o&u 7il!me P!n!bo&&e !nd =ul!ng!mu%!


9/12

6um!rih!mi of (lpiti+!, !mpol! =e %!s !ppointed to the -egisl!ti"e

ouncil in 1CCB

=is son, Sir i&iri !nd! P!n!bo&&e, %!s !lso !ppointed to the -egisl!ti"e

ouncil in 1@21 #n 1@31, he %!s elected to the St!te ouncil form the

!mpol! constituenc+ #n 1@40, he %!s !ppointed :!h! 5dig!r =e %!s

posted to #ndi! !s e+lons represent!ti"e Sir i&iri !nd!s son, heodore

r!+boo&e P!n!bo&&e, %!s elected to P!rli!ment in 1@D2 from the !l!h!

constituenc+ =e l!ter, in the footsteps of his f!ther, %!s =igh

ommissioner in #ndi!

(ll!%!l! politic!l d+n!st+

Willi!m (ll!%!l! R!te :!h!thth!+! %!s nomin!ted to the -egisl!ti"e

ouncil in 1CC@ 8ne of his descend!nts, 7!nd! (ll!%!l!, %!s elected to

P!rli!ment in 1@B0 from the R!tn!pur! constituenc+ =is son, 7!l!nd!

(ll!%!l!, %!s elected to P!rli!ment in 1@@4 =is mother !nd %ido% of

7!nd!, Sur!ng!nie, %!s elected to P!rli!ment from the R!tn!pur! $istrict

in the +e!r 2000 7!nd!s brother, :oh!n (ll!%!l!, %!s elected to the

Pro"inci!l ouncil of S!b!r!g!mu%! Pro"ince !nd !lso ser"ed !s hief

:inister of the Pro"ince

("en in coloni!l !nd independent e+lon !nd independent -!n&!, f!mil+

d+n!sties, h!"e pl!+ed !n import!nt role !mong those %ho ruled us !t

"!rious le"els he diction!r+ me!ning of d+n!st+ is .! series of rulers of !

countr+ %ho !ll belong to the s!me f!mil+, the e?!mple gi"en is the 7ehruE

!ndhi d+n!st+ in #ndi!

With the limited time !nd resources, it %!s not possible to det!il !ll d+n!stic

rule cl!im!nts in loc!l politics in -!n&! he interconnections of f!milies

m!&e the rese!rch e"en more complic!ted

he point of dep!rture for the %hole e?ercise %!s the point th!t one could,

for good re!son, h!"e s+mp!th+ for someone %ho thought pro"iding !

numeric!l guide to help to sort out the comple?it+, li&e Pol Pot !nd 6hmer

Rouge in !mbodi! 9 especi!ll+ ! ne%s re!der, %ho %ould h!"e come!cross so m!n+ repetitions of the s!me f!mil+ n!me #m!gine the relief 9 !t

l!st someone h!s h!d the %i

Foting for members of s!me f!mil+

Wh+ do "oters, e"en in populist democr!cies, t!&e refuge in "oting for

members of the s!me f!mil+N #n !utocr!tic dict!torships, one c!n

underst!nd f!mil+ rule !nd the onl+ %!+ out is de!th either b+ n!tur!l


10/12

c!uses or other%ise

he e?!mples !re numerous 9 ener!l P!r& in South 6ore!, hutto in

P!&ist!n, the !ngl!deshi egums 9 husb!nd !nd f!ther respecti"el+,

ener!l >i! in P!&ist!n, the inf!mous .6!thm!ndu solution, etc

eud!l !ntecedents de/nitel+ h!"e ! role ompetence, m!+be cert!inl+

the -ee f!mil+ in Sing!pore %ill m!&e ! cl!im for th!t rust, m!+ be !ste,

region!l, religious, lo+!ltiesN ;es, in societies in %hich such f!ctors still p!+

! role r!nd recognition, the e!se of m!r&eting ! &no%n n!meN ;es, e"en

in this !ge of digit!l m!r&eting

ut in societies %here politic!l p!rties !nd membership thereof pl!+ !n

import!nt roleN :!+be &eeping po%er in the f!mil+ !nd &eeping other

unconnected !spir!nts out is ! str!teg+N =!r&ing b!c& to the .good old

d!+s %hen ! f!mil+ member ruledN :!+be, up to ! point Possibilities of

m!&ing mone+ through corruption, due to l!? go"ern!nce !nd sh!ring the

spoils, %ith !n e?tended f!mil+N $e/nitel+, ! possibilit+ ut the destruction

of the edi/ce is cont!ined %ithin the corrupt structure, the issue of greed

!nd disputes o"er the di"ision of the spoils

5bsolute po%er corrupts !bsolutel+

#n m!ture liber!l democr!cies, %ith ! free medi!, !n independent Gudici!r+ ,

the Rule of -!%, good go"ern!nce !nd !ccount!bilit+, !n !utonomous

public ser"ice, politici!ns %ho h!"e term limits, %here fund!ment!l hum!n

rights !re protected, these institutions, l!%s !nd principles !re the

.gu!rdi!ns %ho ensure th!t the fr!nchise is not !bused b+ d+n!stic rule

!nd corruption

Po%er is constr!ined b+ leg!l !nd mor!l chec&s !nd b!l!nces imposed b+

st!nd!rds of conduct %hich go to the "er+ mor!l /bre of the n!tion Where

these s!fegu!rds h!"e been thro%n !sunder, unlimited po%er c!n onl+

result in -ord 5ctons oftErepe!ted dictumO 'Po%er corrupts !bsolute po%er

corrupts !bsolutel+*

("en d+n!stic rulers, oper!ting in ! str!ight G!c&et of go"ern!nce, imposedb+ the leg!l principles !nd institutions, %hich constitute the .gu!rdi!ns

enunci!ted !bo"e, c!n be honest rulers %ho !re of bene/t to the n!tion 8f

course, hum!n n!ture being %h!t it is, there %ill be !berr!tions, but the

s+stem of go"ern!nce imposes chec&s, b!l!nces !nd !ccount!bilit+

President Xi Jinping

o come b!c& to omr!de 7umber (le"en 9 President Xi Jinping 9 %hose


11/12

"isit to South 5si! sp!r&ed o this %hole discussion =e h!ils from !

Peoples Republic of hin!, %here the m!dness unle!shed b+ the

ch!rism!tic despot, :!o, left the n!tion so tr!um!tised th!t his successors

s%ore th!t ne"er !g!in %ould ! single person hold such unlimited po%er

8ne of the successors, $eng Xi!oping, e?tolled the role of ! collecti"e

le!dership ig decisions should be m!de b+ consensus his collecti"e

!ppro!ch helped restore st!bilit+ to ommunist P!rt+ !utocr!tic rule in

hin! !fter :!os de!th =o%e"er, omr!de 7umber (le"en, President Xi 9

the %ord omr!de is no% out of the ommunist hinese le?icon, one rec!lls

the d!+s of omr!de :!o 9 is dism!ntling this collecti"e !ppro!ch

President Xi is no% the most po%erful le!der hin! h!s h!d since $eng,

possibl+ since :!o he future of hin! !nd most of us depends on ho%

President Xi %ields this po%er omr!de :!o pushed hin! to the brin& of

soci!l !nd economic coll!pse $eng steered hin! b!c& on to the right

economic p!th, but f!iled to institute politic!l reforms #f President Xi uses

his po%er to reform the %!+ po%er oper!tes in hin!, it %ould do the n!tion

gre!t ser"ice

Positi"e signs

here !re some positi"e signs President Xi h!s decl!red th!t m!r&et forces

should pl!+ ! decisi"e role in the econom+ 8ctobers !nnu!l meeting

ommunist p!rt+s entr!l ommittee %ill h!"e !s its centr!l theme the

est!blishment of the Rule of -!% President Xi h!s s!id he %!nts the ourts

to help him to .loc& po%er in ! c!ge

Xi h!s initi!ted ! m!ssi"e dri"e !g!inst corruption !mong p!rt+ c!dres,

%hich is s!id to be no% !lmost ! constr!int to +oung people t!&ing to public

ser"ice through the ommunist p!rt+ (!rlier it %!s ! sure %!+ to get rich

7o% entrepreneurs !re doing better) Witness 5lib!b!s J!c& :!

$eng Xi!oping once s!id th!t .economic reform %ould f!il %ithout politic!l

reform President Xi seems to be heeding those %ords #f 'omr!de

7umber (le"en* pulls o his coup, the :iddle 6ingdom %ill be gre!t !g!in,!s in the time of the Sun d+n!st+, %hen 5dmir!l heng =o "isited !lle %ith

! eet of m!ssi"e se!going s!mp!ns !nd left behind ! pl!Iue in !mil,

:!nd!rin hinese !nd Persi!n, %hich l!+s do%n ritu!ls to be follo%ed !nd

don!tions to be m!de to ! uddhist temple !s gr!titude for ! s!fe !rri"!l #t

!lso prescribes don!tions to #sl!mic !nd =indu institutions

he sl!b %!s disco"ered on ripps Ro!d in !lle to%n in 1@11, b+ ! ritish


12/12

oloni!l Pro"inci!l (ngineer = om!lin, being used ! pedestri!n !ccess to

! house o"er ! ro!d side dr!in ripps Ro!d is situ!ted in !n !re! %hich %!s

c!lled .heen! 6or!tu%! 9 hinese Qu!rter 9 prob!bl+ %here hinese

tr!ders %ho c!me %ith the South West :onsoon %inds spent time until the

7orth (!st :onsoon beg!n, to t!&e them home he ommunist P!rt+ of

the Peoples Republic of hin! then %ill be ! meritocr!c+ in the st+le of the

gre!t S!ge onfucius !nd d+n!stic rule %ill h!"e no pl!ce

Khe %riter is ! l!%+er, %ho h!s o"er 30 +e!rs of e?perience !s ! (8 in

both St!te !nd pri"!te sectors =e retired from the oMce of Secret!r+,

:inistr+ of in!nce !nd currentl+ is the :!n!ging $irector of the Sri -!n&!

usiness $e"elopment entreL

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Comrade Number Eleven (XI)