Presenter:

MuhammadAwais Zahid

SP11/Bcs-B5-021/SWL

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology ,Sahiwal.

Brain Signal Sensor

Content of Presentation

• What are Brain Signals?• Brain Computer Interface (BCI)• What is an EEG?

– What is it good for?– EEG Background– EEG’s Working

• EEG electrodes• Electrode Placement• Brain Waves• Different Spectrum generated by EEG• EPOC EEG• Pricing• References

What are Brain Signals?

The brain is essentially a mass of cells, or neurons, which are capable of transmitting chemical signals to one another and propagating electrical signals internally. This information can be transmitted because neurons are each equipped with several special features that make them different from other cells.

Brain Computer Interface (BCI)

BCI is a technology that creates a direct connection from our brains to our computers.It is beginning to reach the market via toys and game controllers. In the process, these thought-controlled sensors are inspiring innovations that, for instance, allow you to call someone on your phone by simply thinking about them.

What is an EEG?

• An electroencephalogram is a measure of the brain's voltage fluctuations as detected from scalp electrodes.

• It is an approximation of the cumulative electrical activity of neurons.

What is it good for?

• Neurofeedback– treating ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder )– guiding meditation

• Brain Computer Interfaces– People with little muscle control (i.e. not enough

control for EMG)– People with ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), spinal

injuries– High Precision– Low bandwidth (bit rate)

EEG Background

• 1875 - Richard Caton discovered electrical properties of exposed cerebral hemispheres of rabbits and monkeys.

• 1924 - German Psychiatrist Hans Berger discovered alpha waves in humans and invented the term “electroencephalogram”

• 1950s - Walter Grey Walter developed “EEG topography” - mapping electrical activity of the brain.

EEG’s Working

Simple view

EEG’s Working cont.

Electrode Placement

• Standard “10-20 System”• Spaced apart 10-20%• Letter for region– F - Frontal Lobe– T - Temporal Lobe– C - Center– O - Occipital Lobe

• Number for exact position– Odd numbers - left– Even numbers - right

Electrode Placement cont.

• A more detailed view:

Brain WavesType Frequency Location Use

Delta <4 Hz everywhere occur during sleep, coma

Theta 4-7 Hz temporal and parietal correlated with emotional stress(frustration & disappointment)

Alpha 8-12 Hz occipital and parietal reduce amplitude with sensory stimulation or mental imagery

Beta 12-36 Hz parietal and frontal can increase amplitude during intense mental activity

Mu 9-11 Hz frontal (motor cortex) diminishes with movement or intention of movement

Lambda sharp, jagged occipital correlated with visual attention

Vertex higher incidence in patients with epilepsy or encephalopathy

EEG electrodes

• There are different type of electrodes used in EEG like :

Different Spectrum generated by EEG

EPOC's Neuroheadset

Games & Virtual Worlds :Experience the fantasy of controlling and influencing the virtual environment with your mind.Play games developed specifically for the EPOC, or use the EmoKey to connect to current PC games and experience them in a completely new way.

EPOC's Neuroheadset

Pricing

• EPOC EEG is available for $299 from http://www.emotiv.com/apps/epoc/299/

• EEG pricing of different macines:1. Cadwell Easy II EEG PSG System $6,995.002. Cadwell Easy III EEG PSG System $10,000.003. Grass Technologies Comet PLUS Portable EEG

$8,995.004. For more pricing http://www.mfimedical.com/

References:

• http://readwrite.com/2010/07/20/6_brain_sensors_youll_be_using_soon#awesm=~oxBKl4ghP8aKsx

• http://emotiv.com/epoc/features.php

Thank you