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Concentration and Aquatic Toxicity of RIFA Insecticides and Other
Organophosphates in Surface Water March 1999-June 2000
Dave Kim, Johanna Walters, Kean S. Goh
August 29, 2000Irvine, CA
Outline
• Introduction • Monitoring • Concentration vs toxicity • Urban vs. Nurseries• Irrigation Runoff vs. Storm Runoff • Runoff mitigations• Conclusions
The Insecticides
• Bifenthrin (Talstar®)• Chlorpyrifos (Dursban®)• Fenoxycarb (Award®)• Hydramethylnon (Amdro®)• Pyriproxyfen (Distance®)• Diazinon
Aquatic Toxicity (LC50 ppb)
1.141.8170Malathion
na 400>325Pyriproxyfen
na 1140160Hydramethylnon
na4001600Fenoxycarb
0.510.962600Diazinon
0.131.73Chlorpyrifos
na0.160.15Bifenthrin
C. dubia D. magnaR. TroutChemical
Newport Bay Watershed
• Bee Canyon (el modeno) @ Portola Pkwy• Hines Channel (Hines)• Marshburn (Bordiers) @ Irvine Blvd • San Diego Creek @ Campus Dr. • Bonita Creek @ San Diego Ck • Westcliff Park Channel
2
Irrigation Runoff
Bee Canyon
0123456789
Jun-99
Sep-99
Oct-99
Dec-99
Jan-00
Feb-00
Mar-00
Apr-00
May-00
Jun-00
Month
Con
cent
rati
on (
ppb)
bifenthrinfenoxycarbchlorpyrifosdiazinonmalathion
Bee Canyon
0123456789
10
Jun-99Sep-99Oct-99 Dec-99
Jan-00Feb-00 Mar-00
Apr-00 May-00
Jun-00
Month
Con
cent
rati
on (
ppb)
0102030405060708090100
Mor
talit
y of
C. d
ubia
(%
)
diazinonchlorpyrifosfenoxycarbbifenthrin% mortality
Central Irvine/ Hines Channel
0
1
2
3
4
5
May-99
Jun-99
Sep-99
Oct-99
Dec-99
Jan-00
Feb-00
Mar-00
Apr-00
May-00
Jun-00
Month
Con
cent
rati
on (
ppb)
bifenthrinfenoxycarbchlorpyrifosdiazinondimethoatemalathion
Central Irvine/ Hines Channel
0
1
2
3
4
5
May-99
Jun-99
Sep-99
Oct-99
Dec-99
Jan-00
Feb-00
Mar-00
Apr-00
May-00
Jun-00
Month
Con
cent
rati
on (
ppb)
0102030405060708090100
Mor
talit
y of
C. d
ubia
(%
)
malathiondimethoatediazinonchlorpyrifosfenoxycarbbifenthrin% mortality
Marshburn Slough
0
1
2
3
Feb-00
Con
cent
rati
on (
ppb)
bifenthrin
chlorpyrifos
diazinon
malathion
3
Marshburn Slough
0
1
2
3
4
Feb-00
Con
cent
rati
on (
ppb)
0102030405060708090100
Mor
talit
y of
C. d
ubia
(%
)
malathiondiazinonchlorpyrifosbifenthrin% mortality
San Diego Creek
0
1
2
Mar
-99
Apr
-99
May
-99
Jun-
99Se
p-99
Oct
-99
Dec
-99
Jan-
00Fe
b-00
Mar
-00
Apr
-00
May
-00
Jun-
00
Con
cen
trat
ion
(p
pb
) chlorpyrifosdiazinondimethoatefonofosmalathion
San Diego Creek
0
1
2
Mar
-99
Apr
-99
May
-99
Jun-
99Se
p-99
Oct
-99
Dec
-99
Jan-
00Fe
b-00
Mar
-00
Apr
-00
May
-00
Jun-
00
Con
cen
trat
ion
(p
pb
)
0102030405060708090100
Mor
tali
ty o
f C. d
ubia
(%
)
malathionfonofosdimethoatediazinonchlorpyrifos% mortality
Bonita Creek
0
1
2
Sep-99 Oct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Mar-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb) diazinon
malathion
Bonita Creek
0
1
2
Sep-99
Oct-99
Dec-99
Jan-00
Feb-00
Mar-00
Apr-00
May-00
Jun-00
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
0102030405060708090100
Mor
talit
y of
C. d
ubia
(%
)
malathiondiazinon% mortality
Westcliff Park
0
1
2
3
Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
chlorpyrifos
diazinon
malathion
4
Westcliff Park
0
1
2
3
Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00
Con
cent
rati
on (
ppb)
0102030405060708090100
Mor
talit
y of
C. d
ubia
(%
)
malathion
diazinon
chlorpyrifos
% mortality
Storm Runoff
Hines Channel
0
0.5
1
1.5
1 2 3 4 5 6
Sampling Interval
Conc
entra
tion (
ppb)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Bifen
thrin
conc
entra
tion
(ppb)
feno xyca rb hydramethylno n pyripro xyfenchlo pyrifo s diazino n mala thio n
bifenthrin
Marshburn Slough
0
0.5
1
1.5
1 2 3 4 5 6
Sampling Interval
Conc
entra
tion (
ppb)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Bifen
thrin
conc
entra
tion
(ppb)
feno xyca rb hydramethylno n pyripro xyfenchlo pyrifo s diazino n mala thio n
bifenthrin
San Diego Creek
0
0.5
1
1.5
1 2 3 4 5 6
Sampling Interval
Conc
entra
tion (
ppb)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
feno xyca rb hydramethylno n pyripro xyfenchlo pyrifo s diazino n mala thio n
bifenthrin
Westcliff Park
0
0.5
1
1.5
1 2 3 4 5 6
Sampling Interval
Conc
entra
tion (
ppb)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
feno xyca rb hydramethylno n pyripro xyfenchlo pyrifo s diazino n mala thio n
bifenthrin
6
Conclusions
Detections: Irrigation Runoff
• Single detect: hydramethylnon, pyriproxyfen
• Nursery: Bifenthrin, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion, Dimethoate <8 ppb
• Urban: Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos <1.5 ppb
Detections: Storm Runoff
• Nursery–bifenthrin, diazinon, malathion,
chlorpyrifos, fenoxycarb <6 ppb• Urban
–diazinon, malathion, chlorpyrifos <1.5 ppb
Toxicity: Irrigation Runoff• Nursery sites:
– 18: Bifenthrin, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion
– 1 unknown– 2 non toxic
• Urban and integrated sites:– 27:Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos – 27 unknown – 21 non toxic
Toxicity: Storm Runoff
• Nursery– All 18 samples 100% mortality
• Bifenthrin, Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos
• Urban– All 18 samples 100% mortality
• Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos • Unknown