Concepts in Emergency Management summary - who.int · 2 Concepts in Emergency Management Health Sector Emergency Managers are concerned with public safety and public health Our clients

Concepts in Emergency Management

The basis of EHA Training Programmes in WPRO

Concepts in Emergency Management2

Health Sector Emergency Managers

are concerned withpublic safety public safety and public healthpublic health

Our clients arethreatened or injured and damaged

communitiescommunities


A Community A Community ……consists of 5 elements (each of which has specific

vulnerabilities from specific hazards):the peopletheir property (infrastructure,possessions and assets; public, private and cultural)their services (government and non-government, commercial and voluntary)their livelihoods (urban and rural, formal and informal)their environment (air, water and soil; urban and rural, built and natural)


HazardsHazards

There are 4 classes of hazard:Natural hazardsTechnological hazardsBiological hazardsSocietal hazards


is:

any potential threat to public health and safety

A HazardA Hazard


An EmergencyAn Emergency

is:

any actual threat to public health and safety


are:

the consequences of exposure to a hazard

RisksRisks


dead and missing;injury (mental and physical);disease (mental and physical);secondary hazards (fire, disease etc.);contamination;displacement;breakdown in security;damage to infrastructure;breakdown in essential services.loss of property;loss of income …

Risks = consequences, outcomes


are:

determinants of risk (outcomes, consequences)

VulnerabilitiesVulnerabilities


Access to health careMeasles vaccination coverage rateUnder 5 nutrition rateUnder 5 mortality rate

Access to safe waterAccess to sanitationAccess to adequate housingAccess to regular source of incomeFemale literacy rates

Determinants of risk (people)


are:

determinants of risk

CapacitiesCapacities


is:

Measures to build capacities

PreparednessPreparedness


Legal Framework

National levelNational levelPoliciesProceduresGuidelines

Local levelLocal levelPlansResourcesAuthority

Personal levelPersonal levelKnowledgeSkillsAttitudes

Ten elements of preparednessTen elements of preparedness


A DisasterA Disaster

is:an emergency

in which local authoritiescannot cope


find and rescue victimsevacuate victims to safe placeprovide first aid and medical transporttreat the injuredprovide shelter, sanitation, food and watercare for the dead and manage the missingestablish securityre-establish the lifelines (water, power, phone)plan and pay for recovery and reconstruction

they don’t have capacity to meet urgent needs:

Local authorities are unable to cope


The goal of emergency emergency managementmanagement

isto protect public health and safetyto protect public health and safety

regardless of scale/cause


All disasters are emergenciesbut not all emergencies are

disasters


Two types of emergencies

Non-disaster emergenciesThe local emergency services are not part of

the affected population or group, and can function normallyDisaster emergencies

The local emergency services are themselves victims and cannot function effectively


hazard

DisasterEmergency

Non-Disaster Emergency

• Reconstruction of the community

• Emergency services also victims

emergency

Local floods, storms etc.

Epidemics

Transport / Industrial accidents

Environmental pollution

community+

threat to public safety


Non Disaster Emergency

Local capacities can cope

Disaster Emergency

International, national and local re-sponse needed

People Property Services Livelihoods Environment

natural technological biological societal

HAZARD

COMMUNITY

threat to public safety

• Surge in demand • Local services intact • Resources may or may not

be adequate or sufficient

• Surge in demand • Local services cannot

function normally • Resources destroyed,

damaged, inadequate and/or insufficient


Disaster Management is:80% generic 15% specific 5% uniqueto all disasters to the hazard to the event

1. OrganisationEOC earthquake timecoordination large numbers of trapped and injured placecommunications large numbers of homeless and displaced weathertransport large numbers of dead and missinglogistics geographyinformation dead, injured and missing staff climatereporting damaged critical infrastruture (hospitals)2. Response loss of water, electricity, phone networks securitysearch and rescue loss of road, sea, air, rail accessevacuation politicsmass casualty management long period of SAR, victim extraction economydead and missing high demand for FA, stretchers, triage, medical transport governancesecurity high demand for beds, surgery, blood products, referraltemporary shelter high demand for temporary shelter, food, emergency management capacityemergency water, sanitation and energy water, energy, clothing, tents, blankets logistics capacityemergency food supplies wound infections, amputations, tetanusemergency public and environmental health high demand for orthotics, prosthetics, disability, dental leadershipemergency engineering and public works demand for specialised spinal and head injury care solidarity3. Recovery high demand for psychosocial support of victims and staff moralelifelinescurative and public health care few outbreaks of communicable diseases corruptioneducation variable demand for medicines and equipmentagriculture (acute injury care - high, infectious disease - low,trade and commerce potentially unstable chronic disease - medium)4. Rehabilitation and Reconstructionpeople contamination of water, air and soilproperty toxic chemical and gas leaks/spillsservices urban fires, explosionslivelihoods contaminated, infested and unsafe foodsenvironment increased vector breeding

loss of livelihoods, markets, distribution networks


1. selects a hazard2. maps the distribution of the hazard3. identifies the communities exposed to the hazard4. predicts the consequences of that hazard interacting with

that community at a certain time in a certain season5. analyses each of the 5 elements of community in terms

of that hazard to identify the factors which will lead to each consequence i.e. determines the vulnerabilities of each element

6. identifies the capacities within the community to respond to that hazard

7. Undertake interventions to reduce risks by reducing exposure to hazards, reducing vulnerabilities and building capacities

The Risk Analysis process


Risk analysis

risk analysis is based on the formula:

Public Safety Risk is proportional to:

Probability of hazard X Vulnerabilities---------------------

Capacities


The purpose of a risk analysis is to guide communities in planning for protecting health and safety by developing and maintaining 3 sets of plans:

Hazard Reduction PlansVulnerability Reduction PlansEmergency Preparedness Plans

Risk analysis


Outcome of our work

Safer and healthier communities


Key learning points

The Risk Management Framework uses:4 classes of hazard5 elements of community10 components of preparedness

to produce:3 sets of community plans

to protect public health and safetyin communities

Concepts in Emergency Management

Thank you

Documents

Concepts in Emergency Management summary - who.int · 2 Concepts in Emergency Management Health Sector Emergency Managers are concerned with public safety and public health Our clients