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7/31/2019 Concepts in OB
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Fundamental concepts in OB
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The Nature of People
Individual differences
Perception
A whole person
Motivated behavior
Desire for involvement
Value of the person
The Nature of
Organizations
Social systems
Mutual interest
Ethics
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Individual difference
The idea of individual differences comes
originally from psychology.
From the day of birth, each person is unique
(the impact of nature), and individual
experiences after birth tend to make people
even more different (the influence ofnurture).
Management can motivate employees best by
treating them differently.
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Perception
Employees see their work worlds differently
for a variety of reasons.
They may differ in their personalities, needs,
demographic factors, and past experiences
Managers must learn to expect perceptual
differences among their employees, accept
people as emotional beings, and manage
them in individual ways.
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A Whole person
Organizations employ a whole person rather thancertain characteristics. Skill does not exist apartfrom background or knowledge.
Home life is not totally separable from work life,and emotional conditions are not separate fromphysical conditions. People function as totalhuman being
If the whole person can be improved, thenbenefits will extend beyond the firm into thelarger society in which each employee lives.
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Motivated behaviour
Motivation is essential to the operation of
organizations.
No matter how much technology and
equipment an organization has, these
resources cannot be put to use until they are
released and guided by people who have been
motivated.
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Desire for involvement
Many employees today are actively seeking
opportunities at work to become involved in
relevant decisions, thereby contributing their
talents and ideas to the organizations success.
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Value of the person
People deserve to be treated differently fromother factors of production (land, capital,technology)
Because of this distinction, they want to betreated with caring, respect, and dignity;increasingly, they demand such treatment fromtheir employers.
They want to be valued for their skills andabilities and to be provided with opportunities todevelop themselves.
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Nature of organisations
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Social systems
Just as people have psychological needs, they
also have social roles and status.
Their behavior is influenced by their group as
well as by their individual drives.
In fact, two types of social systems exist side
by side in organizations. One is the formal
(official) social system, and the other is the
informal social system.
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Mutual Interest
Organizations need people, and people needorganizations.
Managers need employees to help them reach
organizational objectives; people needorganizations to help them reach individualobjectives
Mutual interest provides a super-ordinate goal
one that can be attained only through theintegrated efforts of individuals and theiremployers.
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Ethics
Ethics is the use of moral principles and
values to affect the behavior of individuals
and organizations with regard to choices
between what is right and wrong.
In order to attract and retain valuable
employees in an era in which good workers
are constantly recruited away, organizationsmust treat employees in an ethical fashion.
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Companies have established codes of ethics,publicized statements of ethical values, providesethics training, rewards employees for notable
ethical behavior, publicized positive role models,and set up internal procedures to handlemisconduct.
They have begun to recognize that since
organizational behavior always involves people,ethical philosophy is involved in one way oranother in each action they take.