STM103

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StructureofclassWhatarethemajoralternativeconceptsofdemocraticgovernance.

1. Electoraldemocracy:

JosephSchumpeter2. Liberaldemocracy:

RobertDahl3. Goodgovernance:

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Keyquestions Howwouldyouassessthestrengthsandweaknessesofalternativeconceptsofdemocracyandgovernance?

Whichoftheseconceptswouldyouusetoassessthequalityofdemocraticgovernanceinyourhomeregion,forexample,workinginaUNagency,anationalNGO,asajournalist,asanofficialforabilateraldonor,orasanacademicanalyst?

Howwouldyoujustifyyourchoiceofconceptsandmeasurestoadiplomaticofficialfrom,say,ASEAN,theAfricanUnion,ortheUN?

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Takeafewminutes Jotdownafewsentencesgivingyourworkingdefinitionofthefollowingconcepts.

Democracyis Goodgovernanceis

Howwouldyoumeasureeachoftheseconcepts?

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Alternativeconceptsofdemocraticgovernance

Electoraldemocracy

Przeworski/Cheibub

Liberaldemocracy

PolityIV/FreedomHouse

Goodgovernance

IbrahimIndex/WorldBank

MinimalistMaximalist

1.Electoraldemocracy JosephSchumpeter,Capitalism,socialismanddemocracy(1943)

Proceduralorminimalistdefinition "Thedemocraticmethodisthatinstitutionalarrangementforarrivingatpoliticaldecisionsinwhichindividualsacquirethepowertodecidebymeansofacompetitivestruggleforthepeople'svote

Multipartyelectionsatregularintervalsforheadofgovernmentandlegislativebodies

Willdiscussmeasuresinclass8 Whataretheprosandconsofthisnotion?

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Minimalistexclusions Nosocialoreconomicaspectsareincluded Nomeasureofaccountability,responsibility,responsivenessorrepresentation

Nomeasureoffreedom,libertiesorhumanrights Nomeasureofparticipationeg universalfranchise Noreferencetocivilmilitaryrelations Whatarecompetitive elections?Advantagesanddisadvantagesofthisapproach?

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Democraticgovernance

Electoraldemocracy

Przeworski/Cheibub

Liberaldemocracy

PolityIV/FreedomHouse

Goodgovernance

IbrahimIndex/WorldBank

MinimalistMaximalist

2.LiberalDemocracy Longtraditionofliberaldemocratictheory:Locke,Madison,Bentham,JamesMill,JSMill

ModernversionsdrawuponRobertDahl1956.APrefacetoDemocraticTheory

Twoconceptsareimportant: Contestation competitionandpluralism Massparticipation

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Dahl'sConceptualLogicLiberal

Democracy

Contestation

Righttoformparties

Freedomofthepress

Associationalautonomy

Participation

Righttovote Fairnessofelection

Extentofsuffrage

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Polyarchies ForDahl,moderndemocraticstatescanbeunderstoodinpracticeaspolyarchies

Thesecanbeidentifiedbythepresenceofcertainkeypoliticalinstitutions:

1)electedofficials;

2)freeandfairelections;

3)inclusivesuffrage;

4)therighttorunforoffice;

5)freedomofexpression;

6)alternativeinformation;and

7)associationalautonomy

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ProsandCons? Broaderconceptthansimplyelections Expandsrangeofcivillibertiesandpoliticalrights Commonbasisforstandardempiricalmeasures(FreedomHouseandPolityIV)

Yetfocusesonlyonnegativefreedoms seekstoprotectcitizensfromthepowerofthestate

Whatofpositivefreedomsandsocialequality,culturalandeconomicrights?

Willdiscussmeasuresinclass8(FH/PolityIV)

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Democraticgovernance

Electoraldemocracy

Przeworski/Cheibub

Liberaldemocracy

PolityIV/FreedomHouse

Goodgovernance

IbrahimIndex/WorldBank

MinimalistMaximalist

ConceptofGovernanceMaxWeber:governancebythestatereflectsthecapacityofregimeauthoritiestoperformfunctionsessentialforcollectivewellbeing

1. Tomaintainstatesovereignty(throughmonopolycontrolovertheuseofmilitaryforceandlawswithinterritorialboundaries).

2. Toimplementpublicpolicies

Weberian bureaucraticvaluesofefficiency,effectiveness,impartiality,andaccountability

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Weberian rationalbureaucracy

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Meritocratic processesofrecruitment,training,andcareerpromotion;

Hierarchicalandcentralizeddecisionmakingauthoritywithinlargescaleorganizationalstructures;

Functionalspecialization:officialshaveclearlyspecifiedranks,duties,obligations,rolesandsupervisors;

Standardizedprocedures:actionsareguidedbytransparentformalandimpersonalrules,writtenproceduresandlegalcodes,designedtoprovideconsistent,equalandimpartialtreatmentofallcitizensandemployees;

Firewallbetweenprivateandpublicinterests: publicofficialsarefulltimesalariedcareerprofessionalswithjobsecurity.

'Good'governanceindices Increasinglycommonlyusedinthelastdecade WorldBankInstitute:KaufmannKraay

1. Ruleoflaw

2. Governmenteffectiveness

3. Transparencyandcontrolofcorruption

4. Voiceandaccountability

5. Regulatoryquality

6. Politicalstabilityandabsenceofviolence

WilldiscussmeasuresinClass9

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DEMOCRACY

RESTRICTEDVOICEANDACCOUNTABILITY

INCLUSIVEVOICEANDACCOUNTABILITY

G

O

V

E

R

N

A

N

C

E

EXPANDEDGOVERNANCECAPACITY

BureaucraticautocraciesE.g.China

BureaucraticdemocraciesE.g.Canada

LIMITEDGOVERNANCECAPACITY

PatrimonialautocraciesE.g.Zimbabwe

PatrimonialdemocraciesE.g.Mali

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Nextclass Note:NoclassMonday(LaborDay) MeetnextonWednesday8th September Analyticalframeworkexplainingprocessesofdemocratization seereadings

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