Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control

8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control

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Concepts of

Infection

Prevention and

Control


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Objectives• To identify fundamental concepts of epidemiologyand microbiology as they relate to InfectionPrevention and Control

• Understand the causes of the spread of infection inhealth-care settings


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Content•

Dene infection prevention and control• The chain of infection

• Causes of the spread of infection in health-caresettings

•

Areas of risk to the host• osocomial Infections

!re"uency of nosocomial infection

Impact of nosocomial infections#

Criteria of nosocomial infection $trategies for prevention


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Check this Out


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Defining InfectionPrevention and Control

• Infection control is a discipline that appliesepidemiologic and scientic principles andstatistical analysis to the prevention or reduction

in rates of nosocomial infection %hospital ac"uiredinfection&

• The aim to ensure the protection of those 'ho

might be vulnerable to ac"uiring an infection


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Definitions• Infection- The invasion and multiplication of

microorganisms such as bacteria# viruses# andparasites that are not normally present 'ithin the

body(

• ote) *icroorganisms that live naturally in thebody are not considered infections(


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Definitions• Infectious +

,( Caused by infection or capable of causinginfection %a patient can pass an infection to

another&( .asily spread + capable of being passedon from one person to another

/( 0f or relating to infection


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Definitions• Pathogen - a microorganism that can cause

disease

• Contagious - An infectious agent that can beeasily transmitted

• Virulence + highly infectious


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Infectious Disease Process• The Chain of Infection


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Infectious

agentAny microorganism that cancause a disease such as a

bacterium, virus, parasite, orfungus.Reservoir

The place where themicroorganism resides,thrives, and reproduces


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Portal of Exit

• The place 'here theorganism leaves thereservoir

Means / Mode ofTransmission

The means by which an

organism transfers fromone carrier to another byeither direct transmissionor indirect transmission


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Portal Of Exits


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Means / Mode of Transmissio• Direct

Direct contact

Droplet spread

Indirect Airborne

1ehicle borne

1ector borne %mechanical or biologic&


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Portal of entry

The opening 'here aninfectious diseaseenters the host2s body

Susceptible Host

The individual's

ability to resistinfection or contractinfection


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Breaking any link of the chain can stop the transmission of

infection


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Fundamental Principles ofInfection Prevention

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Transmission BasedPrecautions

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References• http)33'''(uptodate(com3contents3general-

principles-of-infection-control

• http)33'''(cdc(gov34AI3settings3outpatient3basic-infection-control-prevention-plan-

5,,3fundamental-of-infection-prevention(html

• Understanding .merging and 6e-emergingInfectious Diseaseshttp)33'''(ncbi(nlm(nih(gov3books3785/953

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Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control