Conceptual datamodeling in geospatial information technology …stinfodesign.net/gittok/Presentations/SDI_Open_2015_OTA.pdf · 2018-10-04 · Modeler enablesthe modeling of application

Conceptual data modeling in geospatial information technology tool

kit (gittok)

Morishige OtaFellow, Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd.Lecturer, Chuo University,

Guest Researcher, CSIS, The University of Tokyo

Pre-‐‑‒conference workshop on Spatial data infrastructures, standards, open source and open data for geospatial (SDI-‐‑‒Open 2015)

Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Friday, 21 August 2015

Outline

1.  Social needs of education assistance tools for Geospatial information technology (GIT).

2.  Introduction to GIT tool kit (gittok)3.  Conceptual data modeling in gittok4.  Teaching experiences5.  Conclusion

1. Social needs of education assistance tools for GIT

GIT Education is an urgent demand in Japan to increase engineers having skills to develop and improve SDI and geospatial service.

Types of students

Types of GIT education.

What the beginners should know at first.

User How to use GI-‐‑‒System

How GIS works in the society

Engineer What is GIT Whole image of GIT

1.1. Two types of education

1. Social needs of education assistance tools

GIS&T Body of Knowledge (BoK) and GI-‐‑‒Standards cannot be neglected to think of "what is GIT”.

But there are a few education tools referring GIS&T BoK and GI-‐‑‒Standards today.

This is the reason that gittok (Geospatial information technology tool kit) [jee-‐‑‒tock, ʤiːtɒk ] was developed.

1.2. GIS&T BoK and GI-‐‑‒Standards

2. Introduction to gittok

Gittok is a study support software that assists both higher education students and industry professionals who are learning about GIT based on geospatial standards.

2.1. What is gittok?


GIT is an information technology for the modeling, acquisition, management, analysis, exchange, and representation of geospatial information (Ota, 2012).

Startup page of gittok

2.2. GIT and gittok

Gittok realizes six knowledge areas as software modules.


Modeler enables the modeling of application schemas.

Editor enables acquisition of feature attributes and it can embed geometry, images, movies, audio files, URLs, and other thematic data into feature instances.

Manager enables to store and query geospatial datasets (kit) by using metadata. And additional processes such as updating, analysis, exchange and representation of a kit can be performed through Manager.

Analyst enables feature operations applying basic computational geometry.

Exchanger encodes and decodes XML data such as an application schema, a kit, metadata, and parameters defining the coordinate reference system.

Cartographer enables designing of interactive maps by using a kit file and a portrayal schema, designing of gazetteer and feature list.

2.3. Software modules in gittok


ISO/TS 19103 – Conceptual schema languageISO 19107 – Spatial schema(ISO 19108 – Temporal schema)ISO 19109 – Rules for application schemaISO 19155 – Place Identifier (PI) architecture

ISO 19111 – Spatial referencing by coordinatesISO 19118 – Encoding

ISO 19109 – Rules for application schema

ISO 19115 – Metadata

ISO 19118 – EncodingISO 19136 – Geography markup language (GML)

ISO 19117 – Portrayal

Modeling

Acquisition

Analysis

Management

Exchange

Representation

not yet implemented

2.4. GI-‐‑‒Standards and gittok

3. Conceptual data modeling in gittok

Conceptual data model in gittok is an application schema. Application schema is a schema for data required by one or more applications [ISO 19101].

Interesting points of an application schema in gittok1.  Application schema is an instance of General Feature Model (GFM).

2.  Feature type without spatial attributes is allowed to define.3.  Application schema may include operations in the definition of a feature type and association type.

3.1. Application schema


Gittok GFM is a profile of UML class diagrams defined in ISO 19109 -‐‑‒ Rules for Application Schema.

A class ApplicationSchema is added for the instantiation of application schema from GFM.

3.1.1. Gittok GFM3.1. Application schema


A part of definition for FeatureType class

3.1.2. GFM implementation as a package of classes (Actionscript 3.0).3.1. Application schema


Application schema as an instance of GFM is designed by using Feature Type Designer and Association Type Designer under Modeler module.

3.1. Application schema3.1.3. Modeling tools

Feature is defined as "abstraction of real world phenomena” [ISO 19101]. In ISO 19109, there is no description about that feature shall have geometry.

Geometry is not a mandatory element for the description of geographic features [Ota & Plews, 2015].

3. Conceptual data modeling in gittok3.2. Feature without spatial attributes

For example,

An application schema is modeled not only for dataset but for applications, because a feature type and association type can be defined with operations. Operations may be performed upon or by all instances of a feature type and an association type.

Application schema for buffering

3. Conceptual data modeling in gittok3.3. Operations in definition of feature and association


1.  Specification for data acquisition2.  Application Programming Interface for feature operation3.  Interface for Encoding/decoding of geospatial data4.  Specification of feature attributes included in the portrayal schema for mapping.

5.  Specification to define a combination of geographic identifier and geographic position for creation of a gazetteer.

6.  Specification to define feature attributes included in the list schema for feature listing.

3.4. Roles of application schema in gittok

3. Conceptual data modeling in gittok3.4. Roles of application schema in gittok3.4.1. Specification for data acquisition

The operation “centerOfMIC” is defined in Building and it is executed for the selected instance. The return values is a center position of the feature.

3. Conceptual data modeling in gittok3.4. Roles of application schema in gittok3.4.2. API for execution of a feature operation

* MIC Maximum Inscribed Circle

3. Conceptual data modeling in gittok3.4. Roles of application schema in gittok3.4.3. Interface for Encoding/decoding of geospatial dataset

gittok datasetEncode to XML

XML datasetDecode from XML

Definitions of feature and association types in an application schema

A portrayal schema is a set of rules specifying how to style maps. It defines combination of feature attributes and map symbols.

3. Conceptual data modeling in gittok3.4. Roles of application schema in gittok3.4.4. Definitions of feature attributes included in the portrayal schema

Gazetteer is a geographic index to find a geographic object on the map.

A feature shifts to the center of the map by selecting a geographic identifier listed in the gazetteer.

3. Conceptual data modeling in gittok3.4. Roles of application schema in gittok3.4.5. Specification to define (geographic identifier, position) in gazetteer.

3. Conceptual data modeling in gittok3.4. Roles of application schema in gittok3.4.6. Definitions of feature attributes included in the list schema

A list schema is a set of rules specifying how to style feature lists. It defines combination of representative feature attribute and other attributes to show on the screen.

By the way,

I don’t teach the architecture behind application schema

in detail.

Because students are beginners and time is limited.

But they can touch the idea of application schema through

exercises.

4. Teaching experiences

The semester courses at department of Information technology in Chuo University, Japan since 2014.Total number of students are 14 (senior-‐‑‒year undergraduate students)

A number of respondents of the questionnaire is 13

4.1. Type of students

4. Teaching experiences4.2. Learning style

Teacher introduces the topics of the class, then students practice hands-on exercise with the teacher

The students send the result of exercise by e-mail to the teacher.

The teacher checks the result and evaluates a level of understanding

Class room

Exercise for designing of application schema

4. Teaching experiences4.3. Syllabus

01 Prologue (Guidance)02 Lets get started with gittok03 What is operation [MO, AC, AN]04 Application schema design [MO]05 Exercise to know how application schema works (Example: Plot ratio) [MO, AC, AN]06 Application schema design by yourself (Example: Store siting) [MO, AN]07 Collaborative data acquisition and spatial analysis [AC, AN]08 Evaluation of alternative schemas and summary of the first half [MO]09 Coordinate reference system 1 [AC]10 Coordinate reference system 2 [AC]11 Spatial schema [MO]12 Metadata and geo-‐‑‒library [MA]13 Data exchange by XML [EX]14 Map design 1 [RE]15 Map design 2 and instruction for the final exercise [RE]

MO: ModelingAC: AcquisitionMA: ManagementAN: AnalysisEX: ExchangeRE: Representation

Understandability of knowledge areas

4. Teaching experiences4.4. Evaluation by students

Usability of gittok

Degree of interest

6. Conclusion

Beginners can acquire a whole image of GIT based on GI-Standards in the semester course assisted by gittok. As a conceptual data model, application schema in gittok is

implemented as an instance of GFM, allowed to define feature type without spatial attributes, possible to include operations in feature/association type definitions.

Roles of application schema in gittok are,

not only Specification for data acquisition and Interface for exchanging geospatial data, but also Application Programming Interface for feature operation Specification of feature attributes included in the portrayal schema Specification to define a gazetteer Specification of feature attributes included in the list schema

http://stinfodesign.net/gittok/

Thanks for your attention!

Documents

Conceptual datamodeling in geospatial information technology …stinfodesign.net/gittok/Presentations/SDI_Open_2015_OTA.pdf · 2018-10-04 · Modeler enablesthe modeling of application