CONCRETE TRUCK BOWL CLEANING

GUIDANCE DOCUMENT

JUNE 2020

CONCRETE TRUCK BOWL CLEANING

CONCRETE TRUCK BOWL CLEANINGGUIDANCE DOCUMENT

COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER© June 2020 Concrete New Zealand Incorporated

Except where the Copyright Act allows, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system in any form, or transmitted by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Concrete New Zealand (NZ).

The Concrete NZ Readymix Sector Group has developed this alert in the interests of promoting safety awareness.

It is not, however, a comprehensive safety publication. Various health and safety (H&S) laws, regulations and standards may apply to the hazard, procedure or matter identified in this publication.

Concrete NZ has not conducted a review of applicable H&S laws and following this publication does not ensure your compliance with them. It is your responsibility to be aware of and to comply with all applicable H&S Laws.

This publication is not a substitute for proper professional advice.

Concrete New Zealand Incorporated Level 4, Solnet House, 70 The Terrace, Wellington PO Box 448, Wellington

Tel: (04) 499 8820 | E-mail: [email protected] | Web: www.concretenz.org.nz

mailto:admin%40concretenz.org.nz?subject=

http://www.concretenz.org.nz

BE AWARE. BE ALERT 1

CONTENTSPurpose 2

Definition 2

WhatisaConfinedSpace? 2

AssessingRisk 3

ControllingtheRisks 4

1. Electricity 4

2. Restricted Concrete Bowl Access 4

3. Noise 5

4. Dust 6

5. Working at Heights 6

6. Vibration 7

7. Cleaning Tools 7

8. Access Hatches 7

9. Temperature 8

10. Ergonomics 8

11. Falling Concrete 8

12. Working in Isolation 9

13. Lockout 9

14. Emergency Plan 9

15. Internal Atmosphere 10

16. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 10

17. Compressed Air 10

18. Lacerations 11

19. Lighting 11

20. Training 11

21. Chemicals 12

AuthoritytoWork 12

Appendix1.ConcreteBowlCleaning–EntryPermit 13

Appendix2.Documents 16


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PURPOSEThis document seeks to assist all ready mixed concrete producers in understanding the risks and controls associated with concrete truck bowl cleaning.

Information relating to identified risks, testing data, the requirements of an employer and the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 are all covered.

It is intended that this document will enable ready mixed concrete producers to make informed decisions in relation to bowl cleaning to help ensure worker safety.

This document can be read in conjunction with the 2017 New Zealand Concrete Conference paper Allied concrete: The bowl cleaning journey which outlines Allied Concrete’s research findings and resulting bowl cleaning processes.

DEFINITION Confined space work is covered by Australian Standard AS 2865: 2009 Confined spaces.

Anyone who carries out confined space work needs to be familiar with the Standard, and should have completed task specific training, which can either be conducted by internal or external providers.

WHAT IS A CONFINED SPACE?The concrete truck bowl is a ‘confined space’.

Australian Standard AS2865 – 2009 Confined spaces defines a ‘confined space’ as an enclosed or partially enclosed space that is not intended or designed primarily for human occupancy, within which there is a risk of one or more of the following:

• An oxygen concentration outside the safe oxygen range

• A concentration of airborne contaminant that may cause impairment, loss of consciousness or asphyxiation

• A concentration of flammable airborne contaminant that may cause injury from fire or explosion and/or

• Engulfment in a stored free-flowing solid or a rising level of liquid that may cause suffocation or drowning

DOCUMENTSConfined spaces: Planning entry and working safely in a confined space1 WorkSafe, 2017


ASSESSING RISKDESCRIPTIONWhen undertaking a process, you must always consider the risks that may be encountered. This document has been developed to follow the highest level of control to the lowest.

However, the first question that needs to be asked is:

Can work be done without entry into the confined space?

Always check if the work can be done with equipment from outside the confined space.

Golden Rule - Don’t go in if you don’t have to!

ELIMINATION OPPORTUNITIESConcrete bowl cleaning can be performed by hydro demolition contractors who can remove a high proportion of concrete build up without having to enter the concrete bowl. This does not mean that entry into the concrete bowl is eliminated, however the exposure time of workers to the risks identified can be significantly reduced.

The cleaning process performed by the hydro demolition companies has resulted in cleaner truck bowls compared to bowls that are manually cleaned, meaning the timeframe between subsequent cleans can be extended.

DOCUMENTSIdentifying, assessing and managing work risks2 WorkSafe, 2017

AS 2865: 2009 Confined spaces3 Standards Australia, 2009

Figure 1: Hierarchy of Controls. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH)


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CONTROLLING THE RISKS

1.ELECTRICITY

DESCRIPTIONConcrete bowls are typically mounted on mobile platforms (i.e. trucks). The truck’s rubber tyres isolate the bowl from the ground.

INDUSTRY DATAThe use of electrical equipment such as internal lights or electric breaker guns utilising 240v power creates the potential for the worker to be injured by electrocution. This could occur when an worker tries to exit the bowl or vehicle after a supply cable has been damaged.

A residual current device is ineffective as they are designed to work when a short to earth is established. The potential exists for the worker to create an earth when exiting the truck, and therefore sustain an injury.

Trials of fitting earth straps to the trucks were deemed unsuccessful as a true measured earth was unable to be easily achieved.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: SUBSTITUTESubstitute the use of any 240v electrical equipment.

DOCUMENTSNew Zealand electrical code of practice for power systems earthing4 Energy and Resources Division, Ministry of Commerce, 1993

2.RESTRICTEDCONCRETEBOWLACCESS

DESCRIPTIONThe use of ladders (or similar) is not an acceptable method for safe entry or exiting of the concrete bowl. A platform level with the entry and exit height of the bowl should be considered.

The platform should be large enough for more than one person to comfortably occupy, and to allow for the evacuation of a person from the concrete bowl. Consideration should also be given to the appropriate size of the worker for the task of bowl cleaning, as anyone of similar size to the bowl opening will prove difficult to remove in the event of an emergency.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: ENGINEERINGSpecifically designed adjustable access ways are available, or task specific walkways and platforms could be constructed.

DOCUMENTSBest practice guidelines for working at height in New Zealand5 Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE), 2012


3.NOISE

DESCRIPTIONThe act of cleaning a concrete bowl with breaker guns, or with objects that create a significant amount of noise.

INDUSTRY DATAPeak noise has been measured inside the bowl at LC Peak 146. At these levels no amount of hearing protection will mitigate the noise exposure conducted through the skull. Noise levels over 140 LC Peak are described in the Approved code of practice for the management of noise in the workplace as the threshold of pain. The frequency of peaks will depend on the proficiency of the breaker gun operator. The LAeq 8-hour equivalent noise levels have been recorded as high as 119 dBa.

Noise measurements immediately outside the bowl are only slightly lower than inside the bowl, and at 10 metres noise levels over 85 dBa have been recorded.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: ENGINEERING AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)Double hearing protection is recommended. With Class 5 ear plugs, a minimum of Class 4 ear muffs can be used. Time limits on noise exposure also need to be considered. Based on the data that has been collected the maximum time the worker should be exposed to the noise level generated while cleaning a bowl is 4 hours total work time in one standard shift.

Footnote: Regulation 11 of the Health and safety in employment regulations 1995 requires employers to take all practicable steps to ensure that no employee is exposed to noise above the following levels:

c) Eight-hour equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level, LAeq,8h, of 85 dB(A); and

d) Peak sound pressure level, Lpeak, of 140 dB, -

whether or not the employee is wearing a personal hearing protector.

Regulation 11(3) qualifies the issue of wearing personal hearing protection. Wearing of hearing protectors as a long-term solution may only take place provided the employer has taken all practicable steps to reduce noise to a level below the exposure limits, but has not been successful doing this. The employer is required to communicate clearly the fact that hazardous noise exists in each area, the sort of hearing protectors required to protect against the noise, and where they can be obtained.

DOCUMENTSApproved code of practice for the management of noise in the workplace6 Department of Labour, 2002


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4.DUST

DESCRIPTIONRespirable dust and silica are generated during the breaking up of hardened concrete.

INDUSTRY DATAWorkers fitted with monitors have recorded readings of 11000 ug/m3 respirable dust and 1200 ug/m3 silica dust. The workplace exposure standard for respirable dust is 3000 ug/m3 and the workplace exposure standard for silica dust is 100 ug/m3.

Dust extraction systems can be utilised. In trials a suction fan of a 350 mm diameter rated at a flow rate of 70m3 per minute reduces the respirable dust readings from 11000 ug/m3 to 6100 ug/m3 and silica dust readings from 1200 ug/m3 to 700 ug/m3.

Suction, rather than blowing air into the bowl, was preferable as the air that was “sucked” from the space could be contained and managed by collecting it directly into water.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: ENGINEERING AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)Concrete bowl entry when the cleaning process is taking place requires a minimum of a P2 respirator. The worker needs to be trained in the use of respirators and must ensure that the equipment has been maintained and is fitted correctly as per AS/NZS 1715:2009 Selection, use and maintenance, of respiratory protective devices.

The highest level of protection is the use of an air fed mask. This also addresses other risks that are identified in the Chemicals and Personal Protective Equipment sections.

Managing the cross contamination of silica dust needs to be understood, the provision of the correct PPE is paramount. This includes disposable lightweight overalls with a hood to cover the head, along with gloves that cover the wrists of the overalls. Those items that may be contaminated with silica dust should be isolated from common work areas, and hands and face should be washed before consuming any food or beverage.

DOCUMENTSSilica dust in the workplace7 WorkSafe, November 2019

5.WORKINGATHEIGHTS

DESCRIPTIONAs identified in the Restricted Concrete Bowl Access section safe and secure access to the concrete bowl needs to be considered as it is approximately 2.5 metres from the ground.

INDUSTRY DATAWhen initially observing workers, any means available to access the bowl and was deemed acceptable, however when considering the points and solutions raised in the Restricted Concrete Bowl Access and Emergency Plan sections, the solution becomes part of improving the process.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: ENGINEERINGSpecifically designed adjustable access ways are available, or task specific walkways and platforms could be constructed.

DOCUMENTSAppendix 2 - Documents


6.VIBRATION

DESCRIPTIONThis is the vibration that could occur to the hands, arms and body of the worker operating the concrete breaker gun.

INDUSTRY DATAThere are instances where workers undertaking the cleaning process with the breaker gun can attribute the vibration of the task to specific wrist and arms issues.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: ENGINEERING AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)Use anti-vibration gloves and the most efficient cleaning tools for the task. Regular equipment maintenance is also important. Limit exposure to less than 1.5 hours trigger time by rotating the task - this is can be achieved by rotating the ‘spotter’ and the ‘cleaner’.

DOCUMENTSSafe work Australia guide to measuring and assessing workplace exposure to hand-arm vibration8 Safe Work Australia, 2016

7.CLEANINGTOOLS

DESCRIPTIONAll equipment used for the cleaning process must be fit for purpose and well maintained.

INDUSTRY DATATrials have been conducted with both air and electric concrete breaker tools. Electric tools are effective in terms of rebound rates and have better anti-vibration design built into the housings that isolates the electrical parts of the equipment. They are however, larger and bulkier than the air tools trialled.

Air tools are preferred as they remove the electrical risk. The operators felt that rebound and breakout were as efficient with the air tool and as they are less bulky they fit more easily into tighter areas. Both types of tools used create noise levels over the LC Peak 140 db.

Tools trialled: Hilti model 700 and 800, Makita and Kawasaki air tools.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: ENGINEERINGEnsure the correct equipment for the cleaning task.

8.ACCESSHATCHESRemoval of the access hatches on concrete bowls creates a potential trip hazard as well as an entrapment area should the concrete bowl rotate.

INDUSTRY DATAHatches are generally not removed during the cleaning process. There have been documented instances of serious injury and death due to bowl rotation.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: ENGINEERINGDo not remove the bowl hatch unless a mechanical method of locking the bowl is in place.


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9.TEMPERATURE

DESCRIPTIONThe potential for high internal concrete bowl temperatures exists if cleaning takes place during a sunny day. People react differently to temperature depending on body type and their physical capabilities.

INDUSTRY DATABowl cleaning is considered a very heavy physical activity. Work-to-Rest ratio should not exceed 50/50.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: ADMINISTRATIVEEnsure workers rest at regular intervals and hydrate. Set limits for the maximum ambient temperature. Guidelines suggest that 28oC should be the upper limit.

DOCUMENTSWorking safely in extreme temperatures9 WorkSafe, December 2019

10.ERGONOMICS

DESCRIPTIONThe tapered and curved design of a concrete bowl, along with the spiral metal flights means that the worker is unable to undertake the cleaning process in natural body positions. The potential for injury arises from cramped positions within the confined space while operating a concrete breaker tool that could weigh upwards of 7 kilograms.

INDUSTRY DATATrials with electric and air fed breaker tools have found the air tools are more stream-lined and lighter, with greater break out force.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: ADMINISTRATIVEThe use of air tools which are less bulky is encouraged. Training in appropriate handling techniques and mentoring by experienced workers is suggested.


Practical ergonomics - Application of ergonomics principles in the workplace10 Coal Services Health and Safety Trust, 2005

11.FALLINGCONCRETE

DESCRIPTIONDuring the cleaning process, there is potential for concrete material above the breaker tool operator to become loose due to vibration, and strike them.

INDUSTRY DATAThere are documented cases where workers undertaking the cleaning process have received moderate-to-serious lacerations due to falling concrete.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: ADMINISTRATIVEEnsure that the operator is not working above waist height, and that they are regularly scanning the surface to detect any loose concrete. Ensure the operator is wearing the correct PPE for the task, this should include long sleeves, head protection and gloves.


12.WORKINGINISOLATION

DESCRIPTIONAs the concrete bowl has been defined as a confined space, adherence to the standard AS 2865: 2009 Confined spaces requires that a stand-by person attends all times.

INDUSTRY DATAThere have been documented instances where workers undertaking the cleaning process have received lacerations or have suffered a serious health event because of, or during the cleaning process.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: ADMINISTRATIVEA requirement of the confined space process is that a ‘spotter’ always be present. They must be protected from all the hazards that the worker undertaking the cleaning process is exposed to. Some companies utilise the spotter as an alternate cleaner to help reduce fatigue by rotating the cleaning person out of the bowl at intervals of 15-30 minutes.


13.LOCKOUT

DESCRIPTIONIsolation of the truck and the concrete bowl to ensure that neither can be energised while cleaning work is being undertaken.

INDUSTRY DATAThere is anecdotal information that trucks have been moved and bowls rotated while workers have been inside. No serious injury has been reported at the time of writing.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: ADMINISTRATIVEIf the concrete bowl is fitted to a truck, then implement a lockout of the cab, engine and drivetrain. This could include disconnection of the batteries, locking of the cab doors, a sign over the door handles signifying someone is in the bowl and/or the keys to the truck being in the pocket of the cleaner or spotter. Should the bowl not be driven hydraulically then a mechanical means of ensuring the bowl cannot rotate may be required.


14.EMERGENCYPLANAn emergency plan needs to be tested for the evacuation and treatment of workers should injury or a serious health event occurs because of, or during the cleaning process.

INDUSTRY DATAAn emergency plan is more than dialling 111. Should a serious health event occur, the primary objective must be preservation of life. On that basis, every second counts.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: ADMINISTRATIVEEnsure that the worker is of appropriate physical proportions to comfortably enter, exit and be retrieved from the concrete bowl. Specifically designed back boards that can fit through the concrete bowl entrance are available in the market place. A designated and trained first aider should always be on site.



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15.INTERNALATMOSPHEREConsideration must be given to any potential atmospheric changes to the inside of the concrete bowl during the cleaning process that may affect workers.

INDUSTRY DATATests have shown that low oxygen levels do not occur under normal conditions. There is an increase in dust levels during cleaning, but this does not affect the saturation level of oxygen. Over a 3-hour testing period oxygen concentration was measured at 20.9 percent, carbon dioxide at 2100 ppm and carbon monoxide at 0 ppm. All measurements are within workplace exposure limits confirming a safe internal atmosphere under normal conditions.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: ADMINISTRATIVESee the Dust section.

DOCUMENTSSee the Dust section.

16.PERSONALPROTECTIVEEQUIPMENT(PPE)

DESCRIPTIONAll identified safety equipment must be worn. It must be serviceable and fit for purpose.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: ADMINISTRATIVEThe following is a list of PPE that should be utilised during the bowl cleaning process: safety footwear, disposable overalls, Class 5 ear plugs (with a minimum Class 4 earmuff), safety goggles, P2 face mask, anti-vibration gloves, head protection and knee pads.

17.COMPRESSEDAIR

DESCRIPTIONThe potential for uncontrolled release of air pressure.

INDUSTRY DATAIf used incorrectly, compressed air systems have the potential to cause serious injury.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: ADMINISTRATIVEEnsure hoses are regularly checked for damage. Quick release, self-sealing couplers should be utilised. If cam style couplings are being used these should have “whip check” cables fitted. The spotter should have access to shut off valves should an airline rupture.

DOCUMENTSCompressed air safety11 Health and Safety Executive UK, 1998


18.LACERATIONS

DESCRIPTIONSharp edges on the mixing fins and / or broken concrete could cause lacerations.

INDUSTRY DATAThere are documented instances where workers undertaking the cleaning process have received moderate to serious lacerations from sharp mixing fins or falling concrete shards.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)As outlined in the Falling Concrete section, ensure that the worker is not operating above waist height, and that they are regularly scanning the surface to detect any loose concrete. Ensure the operator is wearing the correct PPE. Supply equipment to cover any sharp edges inside the concrete bowl, this could be conveyor belt rubber or foam “noodles”.

19.LIGHTING

DESCRIPTIONSufficient lighting must be provided to ensure the cleaning process is illuminated.

INDUSTRY DATALighting can be external and internal.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: SUBSTITUTION AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)As outlined in the Electricity section, the use of miners’ style headlamps is preferable, external lighting can be utilised but its efficiency will be reduced if undertaking the recommended controls in the Dust section.

20.TRAININGAll workers should be trained and competent for confined space entry.

INDUSTRY DATAAs far as is reasonably practicable, training and associated material must be clear. Trainers (and supervisors) should be competent. They can be internal or external providers.

The most appropriate delivery method for training, instruction or supervision should be selected. Consider workers’ age and experience, first language, cultural differences and level of comprehension.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: ADMINISTRATIVEDevelop a task specific training plan for all workers who will enter a concrete bowl. The training should include a clear validation method to show that workers who have undergone training fully understand it and the requirements of compliance.

DOCUMENTSProviding information, training, instruction or supervision for workers12 WorkSafe, 2016


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21.CHEMICALS

DESCRIPTIONConcrete has a high pH, which is not an issue when in a solid form. However, when it becomes dust during the bowl cleaning process, and mixes with the worker’s sweat, it reverts to a high pH and creates the potential for the worker to suffer chemical burns.

INDUSTRY DATAInstances have been recorded of workers suffering chemical burns to the face and eyes as the concrete dust (containing cement) mixes with sweat during the cleaning process. This is exaggerated by poor decontamination.

SUGGESTED CONTROLS: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)Provision of the correct PPE is paramount. This includes disposable lightweight overalls with a hood to cover the head, gloves that cover the wrists and the use of an air fed mask, as covered in the Dust section. This will ensure no sweat lines are exposed to dust.

Ensure workers follow a decontamination process after exiting the bowl, especially before consuming any food or drink.

AUTHORITY TO WORK The final act before entering any confined space is to issue a written authority for entry to work. The Standard states the PCBU (Person Conducting a Business or an Undertaking) or the person responsible for the work should issue a written authority - or confined space entry permit - as described in the Standard. This permit is essentially a safety checklist.

For an example of a concrete bowl cleaning permit see Appendix 1.


APPENDIX 1. CONCRETE BOWL CLEANING ENTRY PERMIT

Date Time AM/PM

1. Location or Site Address

2. Fleet number of bowl to be entered

3. Description of work to be undertaken

4. Have both the person working and the observer complete the 2 hour Entry & Safe Working training?

YES NO

5. Is a first aid person on-site?

YES NO

First aid person’s name

Have they been advised that a bowl clean is taking place?

YES NO

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE TASK

HAZARD CONTROL MEASURES CONTROL MEASURE APPLIED

Fall from height when accessing bowl

Designated platform set at correct height & barrier protection against fall in place.

YES NO

Low visibility inside bowl Provision of task lighting head torches inside the bowl.

YES NO

Bowl activating with person inside

Lockout procedure in place. Truck is in designated bowl clean area.

YES NO

Noise environment up to 113 dba & 143 db Lc peak

Ear plugs and Class 5 ear muffs fitted with correct seal. Time limit of 4 hours will not be exceeded. Truck is positioned in designated area away from common areas. Noise reduction blanket and internal baffles in place.

YES NO

Heat exposure Work not to be carried out in temperatures above 30oC. In temperatures 28 to 30oC work to rest ratio of 50%-50% with max work period of 15 mins.

YES NO

Exposure to silica dust Type 2 half face respirator in use. Respirator has been fit tested and self pressure tests completed.

YES NO

Foreign objects into eyes Safety goggle eye protection is worn. YES NO

Concrete falling on person Person trained in standard operating procedure sequencing of works. Bump cap in use.

YES NO

High pH burns from exposure to wet concrete

Correct PPE in use, use of sealed overalls, safety goggles & gloves. Washing facilities available following work.

YES NO


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HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE TASK

HAZARD CONTROL MEASURES CONTROL MEASURE APPLIED

Lone working inside bowl Observer in place for duration of bowl clean. YES NO

Access and exit from bowl & manual handling injury

Access platform set at the height of the entry-exit point. Person trained in standard operating procedure sequencing of works. Knee pads used as PPE if required.

YES NO

Slips, trips and falls Lighting in use, person trained in standard operating procedure, correct PPE in use, foam protection over fins.

YES NO

Hand arm vibration Time limit of 4 hours will not be exceeded. Task will be rotated at 30 minute intervals. PPE gloves worn.

YES NO

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

6. Is the following Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) being worn

Half face P2 respirator Sealed overalls Goggles Hand protection Safety footwear Protective clothing: long arms and sleeves under overalls Ear plugs and Class 5 ear muffs Bump cap Head light or task lighting provided

ISOLATION

7. Have all following isolation procedures been carried out

Ignition switched off Keys removed from ignition and placed in pocket of person entering the bowl Doors of cab locked Lockout signage placed on driver’s door close to the door handle

EMERGENCY PROCEDURE

8. Procedure: An observer/spotter is to remain at the location of the bowl for the duration of the task. If a serious harm incident occurs the spotter must make immediate contact with the office to get a first aid person and the extraction team to the scene. Provide as much information on the serious harm incident as possible, and remain at the location of the bowl until the first aid person arrives. If the spotter is a first aid person, they may enter the bowl once contact has been made with the response team.

Equipment

Is the recovery board at the location of the bowl or in an area that can be quickly accessed by the response team?

Is 2 way radio or other means of direct communication to the response team available?

YES NO

YES NO


PERSON ENTERING & OBSERVING THE CONFINED SPACE

10. I have been advised of and understand the control measures and precautions to be observed with the entry and work in the confined space

Person 1 Name: Person 2 Name:

Signed: Signed:

Date: Date:

Time Entered Bowl: Time Entered Bowl:

Time of entry 1: Time of exit 1: Time of entry 1: Time of exit 1:




Time bowl clean completed:

AUTHORITY TO ENTER

9. The control measures and precautions appropriate for the safe entry and execution of the work in the confined space have been implemented and the persons required to work in the confined space have been advised of and understand the requirements of this written authority.

Signed: (Supervisor) Date: Time:

This written authority is valid until Date: Time:

All persons and equipment have been withdrawn, the work has been completed and the truck is ready to be returned to service.

Signed: (Supervisor) Date: Time:


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APPENDIX 2. DOCUMENTS1 Confined spaces: Planning entry and working safely in a confined space

WorkSafe, 2017

https://worksafe.govt.nz/dmsdocument/21215-confined-spaces-planning-entry-and-working-safely-in-a-confined-space/latest

2 Identifying, assessing and managing work risks WorkSafe, 2017

https://worksafe.govt.nz/dmsdocument/839-identifying-assessing-and-managing-work-risks

3 AS 2865: 2009 Confined spaces Standards Australia, 2009

https://infostore.saiglobal.com/en-au/Standards/AS-2865-2009-1137140/

4 New Zealand electrical code of practice for power systems earthing Energy and Resources Division, Ministry of Commerce, 1993

https://worksafe.govt.nz/dmsdocument/1553-new-zealand-electrical-code-of-practice-for-power-systems-earthing-nzecp-35-1993

5 Best practice guidelines for working at height in New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE), 2012

https://worksafe.govt.nz/dmsdocument/500-best-practice-guidelines-for-working-at-height-in-new-zealand

6 Approved code of practice for the management of noise in the workplace Department of Labour, 2002

https://worksafe.govt.nz/dmsdocument/779-acop-management-of-noise-in-the-workplace

7 Silica dust in the workplace WorkSafe, November 2019

https://worksafe.govt.nz/dmsdocument/20121-silica-dust-in-the-workplace/latest

8 Safe work Australia guide to measuring and assessing workplace exposure to hand-arm vibration Safe Work Australia, 2016

https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/system/files/documents/1703/guidetomeasuringassessinghandarmvibration.pdf

9 Working safely in extreme temperatures WorkSafe, December 2019

https://worksafe.govt.nz/dmsdocument/23438-working-safely-in-extreme-temperatures/latest

10 Practical ergonomics - Application of ergonomics principles in the workplace Coal Services Health and Safety Trust, 2005

http://www.pthomegroup.com/sites/default/files/my%20liberary/practical%20ergonomic.pdf

11 Compressed air safety Health and Safety Executive UK, 1998

www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/hsg39.pdf

12 Providing information, training, instruction or supervision for workers WorkSafe, 2016

https://worksafe.govt.nz/dmsdocument/1957-providing-information-training-instruction-or-supervision-for-workers



https://worksafe.govt.nz/dmsdocument/839-identifying-assessing-and-managing-work-risks

https://infostore.saiglobal.com/en-au/Standards/AS-2865-2009-1137140/



https://worksafe.govt.nz/dmsdocument/500-best-practice-guidelines-for-working-at-height-in-new-zealand

https://worksafe.govt.nz/dmsdocument/779-acop-management-of-noise-in-the-workplace

https://worksafe.govt.nz/dmsdocument/20121-silica-dust-in-the-workplace/latest



http://www.pthomegroup.com/sites/default/files/my%20liberary/practical%20ergonomic.pdf

http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/hsg39.pdf



CONCRETE TRUCKBOWL CLEANING

GUIDANCE DOCUMENT

JUNE 2020

CONCRETE TRUCKBOWL CLEANING

GUIDANCE DOCUMENT

JUNE 2020