Condition Treatment Report - WordPress.com€¦ · 2 Material/Object Description: This object is a hook that has threads at the top and a decorative tip along the bottom (see Figures

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Conservation #: 11-02-14-09 Accession #: NN16969

Condition Treatment ReportIron Treatment

Object Name: Hook

Conservation Tech: Jessica Beardsley Owner: Cumberland Heritage Village MuseumCity of Ottawa

Address: 1385 Woodroffe Ave Address: 1700 Blair Road Ottawa ON K2G 1V8 Ottawa ON K1B 4E6Phone: 613- 483-1451 Phone: 613-742-5551Email: [email protected]

Work Requested:. Identification of active and inactive corrosion. Pacification of actively corroding surfaces. Completion of comprehensive condition treatment reportincluding photo-documentation.

Significance – Value: Educational

This object is catalogued as a hook. This household feature was common in homes and it was very likely that this particular hook was used in rural Eastern Ontario in the early 20th century, matching with the Cumberland Heritage Village Museum’s mandate. The CHVM mandate is as follows; The Cumberland Museum/Musée Cumberland preserves, interprets, and studies the material heritage and human stories of life in eastern rural Ottawa in the 1920s and 1930s via educational, entertaining and interactive exhibitions and publicprograms1. Objects such as these are very common remnants of rural life and therefore hold no specific historical significance. Given that CHVM is a living history site, this item’s significance stems from an interpretive value. This item can be used within the context of the CHVM to create a window into the past for the visitor showing them the uses one might have for such an item during the time period from 1920s-1930s. It could also be shown to the visitor as an example of handmade iron products produced during this time period.

1 Cumberland Heritage Village Museum Development Plan. https://app06.ottawa.ca/calendar/ottawa/citycouncil/b-chvmb/2011/04-18/1704-Development%20Plan-15Apr10.pdf

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Material/Object Description:

This object is a hook that has threads at the top and a decorative tip along the bottom (see Figures 1 and 2). It is 245 mm long, 86 mm wide and 12 mm thick. The object is ferrous

based. This was tested using a magnet and it was shown to have a magnetic attraction2. The piece is wrought iron given

its fibrous like corrosion pattern3 (See Figure 3). Iron is produced from its native ore form (usually hematite4) through the process of smelting where the ore is heated in the presence of extra carbon to

separate the metal from the slag5. The metal is then shaped into the desired form and then cooled. There are two markings on the object; at the

midway point on one side there is a “T B” and at the midway point on the other side there is an “I C O” (See Figures 4 and 5). After extensive research, a meaning for these marks could not be determined.

Makers Marks: T B and I C O (meaning unknown)Date of Production: unknown

2 Bart Ankersmit, Martina Griesser-Stermscheg, Lyndsie Selwyn, and Susanne Sutherland. .Recognizing Metals and their Corrosion Products. https://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/caringfor-prendresoindes/articles/metals-metaux/index-eng.aspx3 Ibid4 Lyndsie Selwyn. “Metal and Corrosion : aHandbook for the Conservation Professional” Canadain Conservation Institute. (Ministry of Public Works and Government Services: Ottawa, 2004), 55 Ibid

Figure 1: Threads

Figure 2: Decorative Tip

Figure 3: Wrought Iron corrosionFigure 4: T B Marker's Mark

Figure 5: I C O Maker's Mark

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Condition Description:This object is covered in a generalized corrosion that range in colour from orange to yellow to white. The yellow corrosion is localized to two areas on the object; directly

adjacent to the “ICO” maker’s mark and along the threads near the tip of the object (See Figures 6 and 7). The white corrosion is limited to small white spots that appear primarily on

the threads (See Figure 8). The orange corrosion products cover approximately 80%

of the surface of the object. The corrosion products on this piece are

fairly adherent and coherent to the surface of the iron, only producing a small amount of dust when brushed. However, the piece is in a state of active corrosion, given the localized depressions on the metal’s surface and in those depressions, there is

corrosion products6 (See Figure 9). There are stable portions as well that

show no signs of corrosion (See Figure 10). There are two dents, close to the “T B” mark (see Figure 11), whether they were caused by damage or were part of the design is

unknown. There is also a dent at the top left of the “T B” mark (see Figure 12). The object is also heavily

pitted across at least 80 % of the surface (See figure 13). 6 Judy Logan. Recognizing Active Corrosion CCI Notes 9/1 . Minstry of Public Works and Government Services. 1986 https://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/publications/notes/9-1-eng.aspx

Figure 6: Note yellow corrosion adjacent to ICO

Figure 7: Note yellow corrosion

Figure 8: Note white spots of corrosion

Figure 9: Corrosion products in recessed areas

Figure 10: Note stable black area

Figure 11: Note two dents

Figure 12: Dent above "T"

Figure 13: Generalized Pitting

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Conservation #: 11-02-14-09 Accession #: NN16969Photo-documentation:

Before Treatment

Post Treatment

Figure 14: Before Treatment TB side Figure 15: Before Treatment ICO side

Figure 16: Post Treatment TB side Figure 17: Post Treatment ICO side

Figure 18: Before Treatment Figure 19: Post Treatment

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Figure 20: Before Treatment side Figure 21: Post Treatment side

Figure 22: Pre Treatment Threads Figure 23: Post Treatment Threads

Figure 24: Pre Treatment ICO Figure 25: Post Treatment ICO

Figure 26: Pre Treatment decorative tip Figure 27: Post Treatment decorative tip

Figure 28: Pre Treatment hook Figure 29: Post Treatment hook

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Treatment Proposal:Option A

The first option for treatment is a mechanical removal of corrosion using various removal tools such as sharpened wooden picks, metal dental picks, scalpels, glass bristle brushes, 3 M scratch pads and pneumatic gun treatment (if necessary). The treatment will involve using the least aggressive approach first and progressing until the appropriate amount of corrosion product has been removed. Then the object will be degreased using acetone, applied with cheesecloth. Finally as a finishing treatment, tannic acid will be used in a 2.5% v/v solution to convert corrosion into a passive state. The tannic acid will have a pH range of 2.2-2.4. Several coats of tannic acid will be required to achieve the required consistency of colour.

Associated RisksOption A

The associated risks of the treatment are the metal will be irrevocably changed by removing the corrosion. Corrosion is part of the metal and its removal is removal of the part of the object. There may be areas of loss upon completion of the treatment. The object will look differently after the treatment with the tannic acid. Tannic acid is also not a vapour barrier7 and therefore the object has the possibility of corroding again in the future if the temperature and relative humidity are not kept at appropriate levels. Given the presence of various iron corrosion products a uniform singular colour will likely not be achieved given the application of Tannic Acid will react differently to each corrosion product.

Costing - EstimateLabour Cost: (per hour x .hours estimated) $18.00 x 35Total: $630

Costing - EstimateMaterial Cost: (cost for materials) $27.40Labour Cost: (per hour x .hours estimated) $630Total: $657.40

7Care and Cleaning of Iron. CCI Notes 9/6 http://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/publications/notes/9-6-eng.aspx

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Material Costing - Actual

Supplier(Including ALL contact information)

Product Name(SEE FOOTNOTE FOR DETAILS)

Catalogue #

Number of Units Required

Cost Per Unit Required (SEE FOOTNOTE FOR DETAILS)

Sub Total(SEE FOOTNOTE FOR DETAILS)

Talas330 Morgan AveBrooklyn NY 11211Telephone: 212-219-0770Fax: 212-219-0735

Acetone CD0020023800ml$71.758

150ml $0.02/ml $3.00

Fisher Scientific Company112 Colonnade RoadOttawa, OntarioK2E 7L6Phone: 1-800-234-7437Fax: 1-800-463-2996Email: [email protected]

Tannic Acid

FLA310500500g$411.00

20g $0.82/g $16.00

Conservation Resources International, LLC5532 Port Royal RoadSpringfield, Virginia 22151USAPhone: (800) 634-6932Phone: (703) 321-7730Fax: (703) 321-0629E-mail: [email protected]

Scalpel Blades

SMB-(10)100/box$27.95

5 blades $0.28/blade $1.40


Vulpex (potassium methyl cyclohexyl oleate

SR71000ml$69.00

100ml $0.07/ml $7.00

Total = $27.40HST will not be calculated.

8 Acetone, Talas conservation suppliers. http://apps.webcreate.com/ecom/catalog/product_specific.cfm?ClientID=15&ProductID=31442

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Treatment Proposal:Option B

The second option for treatment is electrolytic reduction. This technique involves wrapping the object in a copper wire and immersing it into a bath of sodium hydroxide in a 2% w/v solution. A sacrificial metal will then be placed in the bath attached to the positive terminal (anodic connection) of the rectifier. A rectifier (which converts alternating current to direct current) will be used to create the reaction. The negative connector (cathode connection) will be connected to the object. The rectifier will then be turned on and the amperage increased until bubbles begin to form, signalling the production of hydrogen gas. After the loosen corrosion has been brushed off, the object will be flushed with deionized water to prevent further corrosion. The water will be removed with a cheesecloth and acetone and placed under a heat lamp overnight. Finally as a finishing treatment, tannic acid will be used in a 2.5% v/v solution to convert corrosion into a passive state. The tannic acid will have a pH range of 2.2-2.4. Several coats of Tannic Acid will be required to achieve the required consistency of colour.

Associated RisksOption B

The treatment will remove the corrosion and therefore remove pieces of the object (since corrosion is a part of the object). There may be areas of loss upon completion of the treatment. The object will look differently after the treatment with the tannic acid. Tannic Acid is also not a vapour barrier9 and therefore the object has the possibility of corroding again in the future if the temperature and relative humidity are not kept at appropriate levels.

Costing - EstimateLabour Cost: (per hour x .hours estimated) $18.00 x 35 hoursTotal: $630

Costing - ActualMaterial Cost: (cost for materials) $16.08Labour Cost: (per hour x .hours estimated) $630Total: $646.08

Material Costing - ActualSupplier(Including ALL contact information)

Product Name(SEE FOOTNOTE

Catalogue # Number of Units Required

Cost Per Unit Required

Sub Total(SEE FOOTNOTE FOR

9Care and Cleaning of Iron. CCI Notes 9/6 http://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/publications/notes/9-6-eng.aspx

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FOR DETAILS)

(SEE FOOTNOTE FOR DETAILS)

DETAILS)


Sodium Hydroxide

BP359-2122500g$107.31

20g $0.04/g $0.08


Tannic Acid

FLA310500500g$411.00

20g $0.82/g $16.00

Total = $16.08HST will not be calculated.


Conservation Tech: Jessica Beardsley Owner: Cumberland Heritage Village Museum

Date: Date:

Option Approved : A B

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Treatment Log

Treatment LogDate Task Undertaken DurationFeb 11 Material Description 45 minFeb 11 Condition Description 60 minFeb 11 Drawings 60 minFeb 13 Before Treatment Photos 90 minFeb 18 Research 180 minFeb 23 Writing Treatment Proposal 120 minFeb 23 Costing for Treatment Proposal 60 minFeb 24 Research 60 minFeb 25 Brushing with hogs hair brush 20 minFeb 25 Removal of corrosion material via steel wool 270 minMar 4 Removal of corrosion material via steel wool 90 minMar 4 Brushing object to remove loose corrosion 10 minMar 4 Degreasing object with acetone and cheesecloth 20 minMar 4 Tannic acid application coat 1 (with drying time) 17 minMar 4 Tannic acid application coat 2 (with drying time) 17 minMar 4 Tannic acid application coat 3 (with drying time) 17 minMar 4 Tannic acid application coat 4 (with drying time) 17 minMar 4 Tannic acid application coat 5 (with drying time) 17 minMar 4 Tannic acid application coat 6 (with drying time) 17 minMar 4 Tannic acid application coat 7 (with drying time) 18 minMar 6 Tannic acid application coat 8 (with drying time) 22 minMar 6 Tannic acid application coat 9 (with drying time) 22 minMar 6 Tannic acid application coat 10 (with drying time) 22 minMar 6 Tannic acid application coat 11 (with drying time) 24 min

Mar 15 Typing Material Description 20 minMar 15 Typing Condition Description 20 minMar 15 Formatting Pre-treatment Photos 70 minMar 18 Post Treatment Photos 100 minMar 18 Final Costing 30 minMar 18 Observations 60 minMar 18 Formatting Post Treatment Pictures 30 minMar 18 Conclusion 30 minMar 18 Recommendations 40 minMar 18 Final revision 60 min

Total Time: 1755 min (29.25 hours)

Comparison of Labour and Material Costs:(Estimated vs. Actual)

Supplier(Including ALL contact information)

Product Name(SEE FOOTNOTE FOR DETAILS)

Catalogue #

Number of Units Required

Cost Per Unit Required (SEE FOOTNOTE FOR DETAILS)

Sub Total(SEE FOOTNOTE FOR DETAILS)

Fisher Scientific Company Andwin 50-949-154 10 $0.03/stick $0.30

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112 Colonnade RoadOttawa, OntarioK2E 7L6Phone: 1-800-234-7437Fax: 1-800-463-2996Email: [email protected]

Scientific Applicator Sticks

$27.24 for 100010


Steel Wool RSW-0 Fine$4.65 for 225 grams11

60g $0.02/gram $1.20


Steel Wool RSW-1 Medium$4.50/ 225 gram12

60g $0.02/gram $1.20


Fisherbrand Cheesecloth Miniwipes

06-665-28200 for $43.7013

3 wipes $0.22/wipe $.066


Steel Wool RSW-2 Course$4.50/ 225 grams14

40 g $0.02/gram $0.80

10Fisher Scientific. Applicator Sticks http://www.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/itemdetail?catnum=50949154&storeId=1065211 Conservation Resources. Steel Wool http://www.conservationresources.com/Main/section_30/section30_13.htm12 Conservation Resources. Steel Wool http://www.conservationresources.com/Main/section_30/section30_13.htm13 Fisher Scientific. Cheesecloth wipes http://www.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/fsproductdetail?storeId=10652&productId=680505&catalogId=29104&matchedCatNo=0666528&fromSearch=1&searchKey=cheesecloth&highlightProductsItemsFlag=Y&endecaSearchQuery=%23store%3DScientific%23nav%3D0%23rpp%3D25%23offSet%3D0%23keyWord%3Dcheesecloth%23searchType%3DPROD%23SWKeyList%3D%5B%5D&xrefPartType=From&savings=0.0&xrefEvent=1395155262065_1&searchType=PROD&hasPromo=014 Conservation Resources. Steel Wool. http://www.conservationresources.com/Main/section_30/section30_13.htm

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Talas330 Morgan AveBrooklyn NY 11211Telephone: 212-219-0770Fax: 212-219-0735

Acetone CD0020023800ml$71.7515

50ml $0.02/ml $1.00


Tannic Acid

FLA310500500g$411.0016

1g $0.82/gram $0.82


Phosphoric Acid

A366-4$807.00 for 4,000ml17

0.2ml $0.2/ml $0.04

Total=$6.02

Total Labour Costs $18 x 29.25 hours = $526.50

Total Cost: 526.50 + 6.02 = $532. 52

15 Acetone, Talas conservation suppliers. http://apps.webcreate.com/ecom/catalog/product_specific.cfm?ClientID=15&ProductID=3144216 Fisher Scientific Tannic acid http://www.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/fsproductdetail?storeId=10652&productId=645609&catalogId=29104&matchedCatNo=A310500&fromSearch=1&searchKey=acids||tannic||acid&highlightProductsItemsFlag=Y&endecaSearchQuery=%23store%3DScientific%23nav%3D0%23rpp%3D25%23offSet%3D0%23keyWord%3Dtannic%2Bacid%23searchType%3DPROD%23SWKeyList%3D%5B%5D&xrefPartType=From&savings=0.0&xrefEvent=1395155535408_0&searchType=PROD&hasPromo=117 Fisher Scientific Phosphoric Acid. https://www.fishersci.ca/coupon.do?cid=21673&Page=&itemId=,A3664

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Recommendations:

This piece will be placed in storage. Because the forces that deteriorate metals are oxygen, water and pollutants, this object should be kept away from these agents18. The object should ideally be kept in a low RH environment between 35-55% and a temperature range of 18-22ºC19. Light levels should not exceed 300 lux and no more than 75µW/lumen20. This object should be kept away from unsealed wood to prevent corrosion caused by formaldehyde gas and organic acids21. Because of the surface finish of tannic acid, this object should not be wrapped in organic material (like acid free tissue) because the ferric tannate can rub off onto these materials22. The object should be placed on ideally a metal shelf on an inert sub straight (such as polyethylene foam) to prevent galvanic corrosion23. Ideally the object should be kept in a closed system to protect the object from dust, pollutants and radical changes in temperature and RH24. When handling the object, always wear cotton gloves to prevent transfer of sweat from the skin onto the object or the ferric tannate to hands25.

18 SR Garcia, D Gilroy, ID MacLeod. “Metals” in Conservation and Care of Collections ed David Gilroy and Ian Godfrey (Western Australia Museum: Perth, 1998), 11419 Judy Logan, “Storage of Metals CCI Notes 9/2” Ministry of Public Works and Government Services 1988. https://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/publications/notes/9-2-eng.aspx20 D Gilroy and IM Godfrey. “Preventive Conservation” in Conservation and Care of Collection ed Gilroy and Godfrey (Western Australia Museum: Perth, 1998) 321 SR Garcia, D Gilroy, ID MacLeod. “Metals” in Conservation and Care of Collections ed David Gilroy and Ian Godfrey (Western Australia Museum: Perth, 1998), 11422 Judy Logan. Tannic Acid Treatment CCI Notes 9/5. 1989. https://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/publications/notes/9-5-eng.aspx23 Judy Logan, “Storage of Metals CCI Notes 9/2” Ministry of Public Works and Government Services 1988. https://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/publications/notes/9-2-eng.aspx24 Ibid25 SR Garcia, D Gilroy, ID MacLeod. “Metals” in Conservation and Care of Collections ed David Gilroy and Ian Godfrey (Western Australia Museum: Perth, 1998), 114

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Bibliography

References

Ankersmit, Bart, Martina Griesser-Stermscheg, Lyndsie Selwyn, and Susanne Sutherland. . “Recognizing Metals and their Corrosion Products”. https://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/caringfor-prendresoindes/articles/metals-metaux/index-eng.aspx

Care and Cleaning of Iron. CCI Notes 9/6 http://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/publications/notes/9-6-eng.aspx

Cumberland Heritage Village Museum Development Plan. https://app06.ottawa.ca/calendar/ottawa/citycouncil/b-chvmb/2011/04-18/1704-Development%20Plan-15Apr10.pdf

Gilroy, D and IM Godfrey. “Preventive Conservation” in Conservation and Care of Collection ed Gilroy and Godfrey (Western Australia Museum: Perth, 1998)

Garcia, SR, D Gilroy, ID MacLeod. “Metals” in Conservation and Care of Collections ed David Gilroy and Ian Godfrey (Western Australia Museum: Perth, 1998),

Logan, Judy. Recognizing Active Corrosion CCI Notes 9/1 . Ministry of Public Works and Government Services. 1986 https://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/publications/notes/9-1-eng.aspx

Logan, Judy “Storage of Metals CCI Notes 9/2” Ministry of Public Works and Government Services 1988. https://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/publications/notes/9-2-eng.aspx

Logan, Judy. Tannic Acid Treatment CCI Notes 9/5. 1989. https://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/publications/notes/9-5-eng.aspx

Selwyn, Lyndsie. “Metal and Corrosion: a Handbook for the Conservation Professional” Canadian Conservation Institute. (Ministry of Public Works and Government Services: Ottawa, 2004),

Conservation Supplies References

Acetone, Talas conservation suppliers. http://apps.webcreate.com/ecom/catalog/product_specific.cfm?ClientID=15&ProductID=31442

Conservation Resources. Steel Wool http://www.conservationresources.com/Main/section_30/section30_13.htm

Conservation Resources. Steel Wool http://www.conservationresources.com/Main/section_30/section30_13.htm

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Conservation Resources. Steel Wool. http://www.conservationresources.com/Main/section_30/section30_13.htm

Fisher Scientific. Applicator Sticks http://www.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/itemdetail?catnum=50949154&storeId=10652

Fisher Scientific. Cheesecloth wipes http://www.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/fsproductdetail?storeId=10652&productId=680505&catalogId=29104&matchedCatNo=0666528&fromSearch=1&searchKey=cheesecloth&highlightProductsItemsFlag=Y&endecaSearchQuery=%23store%3DScientific%23nav%3D0%23rpp%3D25%23offSet%3D0%23keyWord%3Dcheesecloth%23searchType%3DPROD%23SWKeyList%3D%5B%5D&xrefPartType=From&savings=0.0&xrefEvent=1395155262065_1&searchType=PROD&hasPromo=0

Fisher Scientific Phosphoric Acid. https://www.fishersci.ca/coupon.do?cid=21673&Page=&itemId=,A3664

Fisher Scientific . Tannic Acid http://www.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/fsproductdetail?storeId=10652&productId=645609&catalogId=29104&matchedCatNo=A310500&fromSearch=1&searchKey=acids||tannic||acid&highlightProductsItemsFlag=Y&endecaSearchQuery=%23store%3DScientific%23nav%3D0%23rpp%3D25%23offSet%3D0%23keyWord%3Dtannic%2Bacid%23searchType%3DPROD%23SWKeyList%3D%5B%5D&xrefPartType=From&savings=0.0&xrefEvent=1395155535408_0&searchType=PROD&hasPromo=1

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****For faculty review only.**** This element of the report will NOT be forwarded to our community partners and will NOT become a part of the artifacts permanent record. Please ensure this section of the report is printed on a separate sheet of paper.

Conclusions

This treatment was very successful. I was able to remove an appropriate amount of corrosion product via mechanical cleaning and degreasing and the application of tannic acid lead to a very uniform black colour. I began with brushing the object with course hogs hair paint brushes; brushing the object completely 3 times. Next I began mechanical cleaning using steel wool. I started with 0 grade steel wool, cleaning in a circular motion starting at the decorative point and working toward the maker’s marks in the center. Next I cleaned the hook section (the face, underside and top side). Next I cleaned the rounded

section between the center and threads all the way around. After that I cleaned the threads all the way around. Then I cleaned the reverse side starting at the decorative tip working toward the maker’s mark. Then I cleaned the hook section (reverse face side). Next I cleaned the flat side below the maker’s marks. After that I cleaned the narrow gap between the

hook and the decorative top. This was the pattern I followed through the mechanical steel wool cleaning. I used progressively courser steel wool (1 and then 2). I did not clean the threads with the level 2 steel wool to prevent stripping. I used sharpened wooden applicator sticks to remove the corrosion between the threads and inside the gap between the hood and the

decorative top. I also used the sharpened wooden applicator sticks to remove corrosion from the maker’s marks. I then brushed the object again to remove loose corrosion. After a sufficient amount of corrosion was removed, the object

was then degreased with acetone applied with cheesecloth three times to remove any residual corrosion. After the object was degreased, I began the tannic acid treatment. I applied the layers of tannic acid with a toothbrush and then

Figure 30: Mid treatment photo; after steel wool, prior to degreasing and tannic acid

Figure 31: Mid Treatment after steel wool, prior to removal of corrosion inside the maker's mark

Figure 32: Note even black colour from tannic acid treatment

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ensured that they did not pool using another dry brush to spread the tannic acid over the surface. It was then left to dry between coats. After 11 coats of tannic acid, the treatment was complete. Overall this treatment was very successful. I had no difficulties or setbacks.

Documents

Condition Treatment Report - WordPress.com€¦ · 2 Material/Object Description: This object is a hook that has threads at the top and a decorative tip along the bottom (see Figures