For other titles published in this series, go towww.springer.com/series/8922

Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series

Tom ProulxEditor

and Applied Mechanics

Dynamic Behavior of Materials,Volume 1

Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference on Experimental

Printed on acid-free paper

Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection

hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.

USA

Tom Proulx

tom@sem1.com

Editor

Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc.7 School StreetBethel, CT 06801-1405

Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London

ISSN 2191-5644 e-ISSN 2191-5652

The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc. 2011©

ISBN 978-1-4614-0215-2 e-ISBN 978-1-4614-0216-9

All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business

DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0216-9

with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or

Library of Congress Control Number: 2011929862

Preface

Dynamic Behavior of Materials represents one of eight volumes of technical papers presented at the Society for Experimental Mechanics Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, held at Uncasville, Connecticut, June 13-16, 2011. The full set of proceedings also includes volumes on Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials and Processes in Conventional and Multifunctional Materials, MEMS and Nanotechnology; Optical Measurements, Modeling and, Metrology; Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Thermomechanics and Infra-Red Imaging, and Engineering Applications of Residual Stress. Each collection presents early findings from experimental and computational investigations on an important area within Experimental Mechanics. The Dynamic Behavior of Materials conference track was organized by: Vijay Chalivendra, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth; Bo Song, Sandia National Laboratories; Daniel Casem, U.S. Army Research Laboratory This Volume represents an ever growing area of broad interest to the SEM community, as evidenced by the increased number of papers and attendance in recent years. This track was initiated in 2005 and reflects our efforts to bring together researchers interested in the dynamic behavior of materials and structures, and provide a forum to facilitate technical interaction and exchange. The Sessions within this track are organized to cover the wide range of experimental research being conducted in this area by scientists around the world. The following general technical research areas are included:

Composite Materials Dynamic Failure and Fracture Dynamic Materials Response Novel Testing Techniques Low Impedance Materials

vi

Metallic Materials Response of Brittle Materials Shock and Blast Loading Optical Techniques for Imaging High Strain Rate Material Response Simulation & Modeling of Dynamic Response & Failure Dynamic Response of Transparent Materials

The contributed papers span numerous technical divisions within SEM. It is our hope that these topics will be of interest to the dynamic behavior of materials community as well as the traditional mechanics of materials community. The track organizers thank the authors, presenters, organizers and session chairs for their participation and contribution to this track. We are grateful to the SEM TD chairs who co-sponsored and organized sessions in this track (e.g., Composite Materials, Optical Techniques for Imaging High Strain Rate Events). The SEM support staff is also acknowledged for their devoted efforts in accommodating the large number of submissions this year. The opinions expressed herein are those of the individual authors and not necessarily those of the Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc. Bethel, Connecticut Dr. Thomas Proulx

Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc

Contents

1 Punch Response of Gels at Different Loading Rates 1 2 A Kolsky Torsion Bar Technique for Characterization of Dynamic Shear Response

of Soft Materials 11 X. Nie, W. Chen, R. Prabhu, J.M. Caruthers, Purdue University; T. Weerasooriya, U.S. Army Research

Laboratory 3 Loading Rate Effect on the Tensile Failure of Concrete and Its Constituents Using Diametrical

Compression and Direct Tension 13 S. Weckert, Defence Science and Technology Organisation; T. Weerasooriya, C.A. Gunnarsson,

U.S. Army Research Laboratory 4 Influence of Strain-rate and Confining Pressure on the Shear Strength of Concrete 29

5 Dynamic Tensile Properties of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete 37

R. Chen, National University of Defense Technology; Y. Liu, X. Guo, Beijing Institute of Technology; K. Xia, University of Toronto; F. Lu, National University of Defense Technology

6 Effect of Liquid Environment on Dynamic Constitutive Response of Reinforced Gels 43

S. Padamati, V.B. Chalivendra, A. Agrawal, P.D. Calvert, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth 7 Ballistic Gelatin Characterization and Constitutive Modeling 51

D.S. Cronin, University of Waterloo 8 Strain Rate Response of Cross-linked Polymer Epoxies Under Uni-axial Compression 57

S. Whittie, P. Moy, A. Schoch, J. Lenhart, T. Weerasooriya, U.S. Army Research Laboratory 9 Strength and Failure Energy for Adhesive Interfaces as a Function of Loading Rate 67

Purdue University

10 77 U.H. Bankar, A. Rajesh, P. Venkitanarayanan, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

11 Stress Variations and Particle Movements During Penetration Into Granular Materials 85 H. Park, W.W. Chen, Purdue University

12 Sand Particle Breakage Under High-pressure and High-rate Loading 93 Md.E. Kabir, W. Chen, Purdue University

M. Foster, P. Moy, R. Mrozek, J. Lenhart, T. Weerasooriya, U.S. Army Research Laboratory

T. Weerasooriya, C.A. Gunnarsson, R. Jensen, U.S. Army Research Laboratory; W. Chen,

P. Forquin, Université Paul Verlaine-Metz

Fracture in Layered Plates Having Property Mismatch Across the Crack Front

viii

13 Experimental and Numerical Study of Wave Propagation in Granular Media 95

14 Communication of Stresses by Chains of Grains in High-Speed Particulate Media Impacts 99 W.L. Cooper, Air Force Research Laboratory

15 Effects of Thermal Treated on the Dynamic Facture Properties Using a Semi-circular Bend Technique 109

T.B. Yin, University of Toronto/Central South University; X.B. Li, Central South University; K.W. Xia, S. Huang, University of Toronto

16

Networks (t-IPNs) 117 K.C. Jajam, S.A. Bird, M.L. Auad, H.V. Tippur, Auburn University

17 Dynamic Ring-on-Ring Equibiaxial Flexural Strength of Borosilicate Glass 123

18 125

Purdue University

19 135 J.L. Li, National University of Defense and Technology/Chinese Academy of Engineering

and Physics; F.Y. Lu, R. Chen, J.G. Qin, P.D. Zhao, L.G. Lan, S.M. Jing, National University of Defense and Technology

20 Dynamic Compressive Properties of A PBX Analog as a Function of Temperature

and Strain Rate 141 J. Qin, Y. Lin, F. Lu, National University of Defense Technology; Zh. Zhou, Beijing Institute of

Technology; R. Chen, J. Li, National University of Defense Technology

21 Dynamic Response of Shock Loaded Architectural Glass Panels 147 P. Kumar, A. Shukla, University of Rhode Island

22 A Dynamic Punch Method to Quantify the Dynamic Shear Strength of Brittle Solids 157 S. Huang, K. Xia, F. Dai, University of Toronto

23 A Sensored Projectile Impact on a Composite Sandwich Panel 165 M. Mordasky, W. Chen, Purdue University

24 Cut Resistance and Fracture Toughness of High Performance Fibers 167

U.S. Army Research Laboratory

25 Kolsky Tension Bar Techniques for Dynamic Characterization of Alloys 175 B. Song, H. Jin, B.R. Antoun, Sandia National Laboratories

26 Prediction of Dynamic Forces in Fire Service Escape Scenarios 179 M. Obstalecki, J. Chaussidon, P. Kurath, G.P. Horn, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 27 187 J.D. Seidt, T.A. Matrka, A. Gilat, G.B. McDonald, The Ohio State University

Development and Characterization of a PU-PMMA Transparent Interpenetrating Polymer

Stress-strain Response of PMMA as a Function of Strain-rate and Temperature

X. Nie, W. Chen, Purdue University

J.B. Mayo, Jr., Tuskegee University/U.S. Army Research Laboratory; E.D. Wetzel,

A. Spadoni, C. Daraio, California Institute of Technology

P. Moy, C.A. Gunnarsson, T. Weerasooriya, U.S. Army Research Laboratory; W. Chen,

T. On, K.J. Smith, P.H. Geubelle, J. Lambros, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign;

Dynamic Behavior of Three PBXs with Different Temperatures

Tensile Behavior of Kevlar 49 Woven Fabrics over a Wide Range of Strain Rates

ix

28 The Effect of Loading Rate on the Tensile Behavior of Single Zylon Fiber 195

29 Statistical Analysis of Fiber Gripping Effects on Kolsky bar Test 205 J.H. Kim, N.A. Heckert, S.D. Leigh, H. Kobayashi, W.G. McDonough, R.L. Rhorer, K.D. Rice,

G.A. Holmes. National Institute of Standards and Technology

30 Perpendicular Yarn Pull-out Behavior Under Dynamic Loading 211 J. Hong, Purdue University; J. Lim, Hyundai Motor Company; W.W. Chen, Purdue University

31 Dynamic Response of Homogeneous and Functionally Graded Foams When Subjected to Transient Loading by a Square Punch 213

32 217 K.A. Dannemann, R.P. Bigger, S. Chocron, Southwest Research Institute; K. Nahshon,

Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division

33 Ultra High Speed Full-field Strain Measurements on Spalling Tests on Concrete Materials 221

34 Contact Mechanics of Impacting Slender Rods: Measurement and Analysis 229 A. Sanders, I. Tibbitts, D. Kakarla, University of Utah; S. Siskey, J. Ochoa, K. Ong, Exponent,

Inc.; R. Brannon, University of Utah

35 Solenoid Actuated, Rail Mounted, Aircraft Payload Release Mechanisms 237 C.L. Reynolds, Dynetics, Inc.; J.A. Gilbert, University of Alabama in Huntsville

36 Finite Element Modeling of Ballistic Impact on Kevlar 49 Fabrics 249 D. Zhu, McGill University; B. Mobasher, S.D. Rajan, Arizona State University

37 Optimal Pulse Shapes for SHPB Tests on Soft Materials 259 M. Scheidler, J. Fitzpatrick, R. Kraft, U.S. Army Research Laboratory

38 Dynamic Tensile Characterization of Foam Materials 269 B. Song, H. Jin, W.-Y. Lu, Sandia National Laboratories

39 On Measuring the High Frequency Response of Soft Viscoelastic Materials at Finite Strains 273

S. Teller, R. Clifton, T. Jiao, Brown University

40 The Blast Response of Sandwich Composites With a Graded Core: Equivalent Core Layer Mass vs. Equivalent Core Layer Thickness 281

N. Gardner, A. Shukla, University of Rhode Island

41 Face-sheets and the Sandwich Composite 289

S. Gupta, A. Shukla, University of Rhode Island

42 Influence of Texture and Temperature on the Dynamic-tensile-extrusion Response of High-purity Zirconium 297

D.T. Martinez, C.P. Trujillo, E.K. Cerreta, J.D. Montalvo, J.P. Escobedo-Diaz, Los Alamos National Laboratory; V. Webster, Case Western Reserve University; G.T. Gray, III., Los Alamos National Laboratory

Dynamic Strain Measurement of Welded Tensile Specimens Using Digital Image Correlation

Effects of High and Low Temperature on the Dynamic Performance of the Core Material,

C. Periasamy, H. Tippur, Auburn University

C.A. Gunnarsson, T. Weerasooriya, P. Moy, Army Research Laboratory

F. Pierron, Arts et Métiers ParisTech; P. Forquin, Paul Verlaine University

x

43 Modeling and DIC Measurements of Dynamic Compression Tests of a Soft Tissue Simulant 307 S.P. Mates, R. Rhorer, A. Forster, National Institute of Standards and Technology; R.K. Everett,

K.E. Simmonds, A. Bagchi, Naval Research Laboratory

44 Measurement of R-values at Intermediate Strain Rates Using a Digital Speckle Extensometry 317 J. Huh, Y.J. Kim, H. Huh, Korea Advanced Institute of Science Technology

45 Study of Strain Energy in Deformed Insect Wings 323 H. Wan, H. Dong, Y. Ren, Wright State University

46 Experimental Study of Cable Vibration Damping 329 A. Maji, Y. Qiu, University of New Mexico

47 Dynamic Thermo-mechanical Response of Austenite Containing Steels 337 V.-T. Kuokkala, Tampere University of Technology; S. Curtze, Tampere University

of Technology/Oxford Instruments Nano Analysis; M. Isakov, M. Hokka, Tampere University of Technology

48 Investigation into the Spall Strength of Cast Iron 343

49 Development of Brick and Mortar Material Parameters for Numerical Simulations 351 C.S. Meyer, U.S. Army Research Laboratory

50 Electrical Behavior of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Epoxy Under Compression 361 N. Heeder, A. Shukla, University of Rhode Island; V. Chalivendra, University of Massachusetts

Dartmouth; S. Yang, K. Park, University of Rhode Island

51 Effect of Curvature on Shock Loading Response of Aluminum Panels 369 P. Kumar, University of Rhode Island; J. LeBlanc, Naval Undersea Warfare Center; A. Shukla,

University of Rhode Island

52 Deformation Measurements and Simulations of Blast Loaded Plates 375 K. Spranghers, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; D. Lecompte, Royal Military Academy; H. Sol,

Vrije Universiteit Brussel; J. Vantomme, Royal Military Academy

53 The Blast Response of Sandwich Composites With Bi-axial In-plane Compressive Loading 383 E. Wang, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; A. Shukla, University of Rhode Island

54 Dynamic Response of Porcine Articular Cartilage and Meniscus under Shock Loading 393 Y.-C. Juang, L. Tsai, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences; H.R. Lin, Southern Taiwan

University

55 Dynamic Response of Beams Under Transverse Impact Loadings 399 D. Goldar, Sharda University

56 Constitutive Model Parameter Study for Armor Steel and Tungsten Alloys S.J. Schraml, U.S. Army Research Laboratory

57 A Scaled Model Describing the Rate-dependent Compressive Failure of Brittle Materials J. Kimberley,G. Hu, K.T. Ramesh, Johns Hopkins University

58 Experimental Verification of Negative Phase Velocity in Layered Media A.V. Amirkhizi, S. Nemat-Nasser, University of California, San Diego

G. Plume, C.-E. Rousseau, University of Rhode Island

409

419

423

xi

59 Gas Gun Impact Analysis on Adhesives in Sandwich Composite Panels M. Mordasky, W. Chen, Purdue University

60 Damage Analysis of Projectile Impacted Laminar Composites B.S. Nashed, J.M. Rice, Y.K. Kim, V.B. Chalivendra, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth

61 Rate Sensitivity in Pure Ni Under Dynamic Compression K.N. Jonnalagadda, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

62 Temperature Effect on Drop-weight Impact of Woven Composites 443 Y. Budhoo, Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology; B. Liaw, F. Delale,

The City College of New York

63 Dynamic Mode-II Characterization of a Woven Glass Composite 455 W.-Y. Lu, B. Song, H. Jin, Sandia National Laboratories

64 Rate Dependent Material Properties of an OFHC Copper Film 459 J.S. Kim, Korea Railroad Research Institute; H. Huh, Korea Advanced Institute of Science

and Technology

65 Zirconium: Probing the Role of Texture Using Dynamic-tensile-extrusion 467 C.P. Trujillo, J.P. Escobedo-Diaz, G.T. Gray, III., E.K. Cerreta, D.T. Martinez,

Los Alamos National Laboratory

425

427

439