Configurations Flexy Edge

1 © 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

Company Confidential

Flexi EDGE BTS Configurations•Minimum and maximum configurations•Capacity expansion steps •BTS cabling•Combining options



Objectives

After the module the participant will be able to:• Describe minimum and maximum configurations• Give a typical growth path, and show how the hardware should be laid

out to achieve this• Give examples of the Smart Radio Concept (SRC) features

Note: Some of these will be developed after the initial S/W release



Nokia Flexi EDGE BTS: from small to large configurations• Flexible capacity increase from small to very

large configurations • 1 to 24 TRX in 1-6 sectors under 1 BCF • up to 216 TRX per site

• High site capacities possible even without a cabinet

• All dual band configurations supported• ANSI and ETSI frequencies• GSM 800/1800, GSM 800/1900, GSM 900/1800

Min configuration1-2 TRX , 2 modules

Max configuration / BCF

8+8+8 TRX, 14 modules



Sys

mod

ule

Sect

mod

ule

Sect module

Sect module

Sys module

Sect module

Stack 2+2+2 8+8+8 Indoor 48V DC

4+4+4 Outdoor with Batteries

2 TRX, wall

Stack 4+4+4

Examples of Nokia Flexi EDGE BTS configurations

DTRX

DTRXDTRX

DTRXDTRX

DTRXDTRX

DTRX

DTRX

Sys ext module

Sys module

Sys ext module

DTRX (Dual TRX)

Sector module (DTRX + duplex filter)

GSM/EDGE Modules

DTRX

DTRX

DTRX

Weight: ~150 kg

Low weight load of Nokia Flexi EDGE BTS simplifies site construction work

Weight: ~100 kg Weight: ~250 kg

DTRX

MIBBUHEX LTE

LTELTELTE

FAN batt batt batt batt

DTRXDTR

X

Sect module

Sect module

Sect module

Sys module

Sect module

Sect module

Sys module

Sect

mod

ule

Sect module

Sect module

Sect module

Sys module



GSM 4+4+4 &WCDMA 4+4+4

WCDMA/HSPA Modules

2+2+2 4+4+4

GSM/EDGE

GSM/EDGE

GSM/EDGE/WCDMA/HSPA

GSM/EDGE

WCDMA/HSPA

RF module

DTRX

DTRX

DTRX

Example of Nokia Flexi BTS growth path

Sys module

Sys ext module

DTRX (Dual TRX)

Sector module (DTRX + duplex filter)

GSM/EDGE Modules

Sys module

RF moduleSys module

RF module

RF module

Sect module

Sys module

Sect module

Sect module

Sect module

Sys module

Sect module

Sect module

DTRX

DTRX

DTRX

Sect module

Sys module

Sect module

Sect module



Nokia Flexi EDGE installation and cabling steps 2+2+2 stack installation• Install the plinth

• Ground the plinth (so wrist-strap is grounded)• Unit installation

1. Assemble the stack of casings on plinth2. Install the modules into the casings3. Install the cable entries

• Unit cabling1. Ground the units to the plinth2. Connect the antenna cables3. Connect the transmission cable4. Install the power cables5. Install the bus cables6. Install the RF cables7. Connect the –48V DC input cables

• Cover installation1. Install the rear covers2. Install the front covers

2+2+2 538(H) * 447(W) * 560(D)mm



Nokia Flexi EDGE installation and cabling steps Expansion to 4+4+4 stack installation

• Removing cables• Unit installation

1. Place modules into the casings2. Install the modules3. Install the cable entries

• Unit cabling1. Ground the units2. Install the bus cables3. Install the RF cables4. Install the power cables

• Cover installation1. Install the rear covers2. Install the front covers

NB! In 4+4+4 floor installations 3 EUCA kits (incl 977mm RF cables) are needed (1/sector)

4+4+4 18 HU * 447(W) * 560(D)mm



Nokia Flexi EDGE installation and cabling steps 8+8+8 installation in Indoor cabinet

• Cabinet installation1. Anchor the cabinet2. Ground the cabinet

• Unit installation1. Install the support plates2. Install the cage nuts3. Install the units

• Unit cabling1. Connect antenna cables2. Connect the transmission cable3. Install the power cables4. Install the bus cables5. Install the RF cables6. Connect –48V DC input cables



• Dual TRX module can be implemented in capacity mode or coverage mode

• In capacity mode both TRXs of the DTRX are used for capacity • Four combining options for capacity mode:

• By-pass combining• 2-way wideband combining (WBC)• 4-way wideband combining (WBC)• 6-way Remote Tune Combining (RTC)

Nokia Flexi EDGE BTS in capacity mode



LNA

LNA

Duplexer

Duplexer

LNA+ Multi-couple

rLNA+ Multi-couple

r

Duplexer

Duplexer

Combining By-pass with 2-way RX diversity Dual TRX transmitting and receiving to 2 antennas boosting the coverage area by about 30% (+3.4 dB) compared to using 2:1 combining

Dual Duplexer Dual TRX

Example: 2 TRX/cell

TX1RX1 Main

Div

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div

Antennas

X



Dual Duplexer

Antennas

X

TX1RX1 Main

Div

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div

TX3RX3 Main

Div

RX4 MainDiv

TX4

Div

LNA

LNA

Duplexer

Duplexer

LNA+ Multi-couple

rLNA+ Multi-couple

r

Duplexer

Duplexer

Example: 4 TRX/cell

WBCWideband CombinersDual TRXs

2-way Wideband Combining with 2-way RX diversity

WBC



4-way Wideband Combining with 2-way RX diversity

Dual Duplexer

Antennas

X

LNA

LNA

Duplexer

Duplexer

WBC WBCWBC

WBC

Wideband CombinersDual TRXs

WBC

WBC

TX1RX1 Main

DivRX2 Main

DivTX2

Div

TX3RX3 Main

DivRX4 Main

DivTX4

Div

TX5RX5 Main

DivRX6 Main

DivTX6

Div

TX7RX7 Main

DivRX8 Main

DivTX8

Div

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

Duplexer

Duplexer

Example: 8 TRX/cell



LNA+ Multi-couple

r

RX filterCavitie

s

RX filter

DuplexerLNA+

Multi-couple

r

1 X-pol Antenna

X

TX5RX5 Main

DivRX6 Main

DivTX6

DivTX3RX3 Main

DivRX4 Main

DivTX4

DivTX1RX1 Main

DivRX2 Main

DivTX2

Div

Remote Tune Combining with 2-way RX diversityExample: 6 TRX/cell

Remote TuneCombiner (RTC)

Dual TRXs

With RTC up to 6 Tx signals can be combined into 1 antenna, minimizing the combiner loss

6

6

6



LNA+ Multi-couple

r

RX filter

Cavities

RX filter

DuplexerLNA+

Multi-couple

r

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

RX filter

Cavities

RX filter

DuplexerLNA+

Multi-couple

r

TX11RX11 Main

DivRX12 Main

DivTX12

DivTX9RX9 Main

DivRX10 Main

DivTX10

Div

Remote Tune Combining with 2-way RX diversityExample: 12 TRX/cell

Remote TuneCombiners (RTC)

12 TRX/cell can be built with 2 RTC and 1 x-polarized antenna

Antennas

XDual TRXs

TX5RX5 Main

DivRX6 Main

DivTX6

DivTX3RX3 Main

DivRX4 Main

DivTX4

DivTX1RX1 Main

DivRX2 Main

DivTX2

Div

TX7RX7 Main

DivRX8 Main

DivTX8

Div



Nokia Flexi EDGE BTS in coverage mode

• For boosting cell size and thereby reducing the number of sites, both downlink and uplink enhancement methods are implemented

• Double Power TRX (DPTRX): • The output power of 2 TRX is combined in a synchronized manner within

Wideband Combiner (phase feedback to TRX from WBC) , doubling the TRX output power while using 1 TRX for capacity

• In DPTRX the combined 2 TRXs must be in the same Dual TRX module • DPTRX can be used in downlink limited cases or together with uplink

improvement methods, to increase cell coverage• Five options for coverage mode:

• DPTRX with 2-way UL diversity• DPTRX with 4-way UL diversity• Intelligent Downlink Diversity (IDD) with 2-way UL diversity• Nokia Smart Radio Concept (SRC)• DPTRX with Nokia SRC



Double Power TRX with 2-way uplink diversity

Example: 1 TRX/cell

• DPTRX is achieved by coherently combining TX signals of 2 carriers within DTRX• Is implemented with 1 Sector module/sector (1 TRX capacity)• 1 TX antenna required for DL (DPTRX) & 2 RX antennas for UL (2-way div)

total of 2 antennas (TX/RX + RX) • Output power gain 2.5 dB DL coverage area is 25% larger• For enhancing UL, MHAs are recommended

Combiner Dual Duplexer

LNA+ Multi-couple

rLNA+ Multi-couple

r

Duplexer

Duplexer

WBC

Dual TRX

TX1RX1 Main

Div

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div

Phase feedback cable for coherent

combining

MHA

Antenna and MHAs

X



Double Power TRX with 4-way uplink diversity 1/3

• 4-way UL diversity balances the higher output power of DPTRX• Is implemented with 2 Sector modules/sector• 2 TX antenna required for DL (2*DPTRX) & 4 RX antennas for UL (4-

way div) total of 4 antennas (2 TX/RX + 2 RX)

• Output power and sensitivity gains are 2.5 dB coverage area is 25% larger



LNA+ Multi-couple

rLNA+ Multi-couple

r

Duplexer

Duplexer

Phase feedback

LNA+ Multi-couple

rLNA+ Multi-couple

r

Duplexer

Duplexer

TX3RX3 Main

Div

RX4 MainDiv

TX4

Div

TX1RX1 Main

Div

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div

Double Power TRX with 4-way RX diversity 2/3

Wideband Combiners(coherent)

Dual Duplexers

DTRX Units Antennas

Example: 1 TRX/cell

Needed for supporting second Duplexer (DC power)

WBC

X

X



Antennas

X

X

LNA+ Multi-couple

rLNA+ Multi-couple

r

Duplexer

Duplexer

WBC

LNA+ Multi-couple

rLNA+ Multi-couple

r

Duplexer

Duplexer

Wideband Combiners(coherent)

Dual Duplexers

DTRX Units

Double Power TRX with 4-way RX diversity 3/3

Example: 2 TRX/cell

WBCTX1RX1 Main

Div

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div

TX3RX3 Main

Div

RX4 MainDiv

TX4

Div

Phase feedback

Phase feedback



Intelligent Downlink Diversity with 2-way uplink diversity

Example: 1 TRX/cell

• Nokia Intelligent Downlink Diversity (IDD) is an effective way of boosting the downlink: it is based on space and time diversity and signal tuning

• Is implemented with 1 Sector module/sector• 2 TX antenna required for DL (IDD) & 2 RX antennas for UL (2-way div

+ MHA) total of 2 antennas (2TX/RX)

• Output power gain on average 5 dB DL coverage area is 50% larger

Dual Duplexer

LNA+ Multi-couple

rLNA+ Multi-couple

r

Duplexer

Duplexer

Antenna and MHAs

X

Dual TRX

TX1RX1 Main

Div

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div

MHA



Nokia Smart Radio Concept 1/2

• Nokia Smart Radio Concept (SRC): Intelligent Downlink Diversity (IDD) with 4-way uplink diversity and MHA

• Is implemented with 2 Sector modules/sector• Based on IDD and UL enhancement with MHA and 4-way UL diversity• 4 TX antenna required for DL (2*IDD) & 4 RX antennas for UL (4-way

div + MHA) total of 4 antennas (4TX/RX)

• The improvement to coverage: average 5dB, in rural 8dB ) up to 50% less sites are needed



LNA+ Multi-couple

rLNA+ Multi-couple

r

Duplexer

Duplexer

LNA+ Multi-couple

rLNA+ Multi-couple

r

Duplexer

Duplexer

X

Dual Duplexers

Dual TRXs

TX1RX1 Main

Div

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div

TX3RX3 Main

Div

RX4 MainDiv

TX4

Div

Nokia Smart Radio Concept 2/2

Example: 2 TRX/cellAntennas and MHAs

MHA

X



Double Power TRX with Nokia SRC 1/2• Is implemented with 2 Sector modules/sector• 2 TX antenna required for DL (DPTRX & IDD) & 4 RX antennas

for UL (4-way div + MHA) total of 4 antennas (2TX/RX+2RX)

• Output power gain on average 7.5 dB DL coverage area is 75% larger

• This solution is recommended for DL limited sites (usually because of very high masts)



LNA+ Multi-couple

rLNA+ Multi-couple

r

Duplexer

Duplexer

WBC

LNA+ Multi-couple

rLNA+ Multi-couple

r

Duplexer

Duplexer

Combiners Dual Duplexers

DTRX Units

Double Power TRX with Nokia SRC 2/2

Example: 1 TRX/cell

WBCTX1RX1 Main

Div

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div

TX3RX3 Main

Div

RX4 MainDiv

TX4

Div

Phase feedback cable


combining X

Antennas and MHAs

MHA

X



Nokia Flexi EDGE BTS RF performanceBTS Output Power DTRX

800/900/1800/1900

DPTRX800/900/1800/1900

Max # of TRXs /

antenna element

Frequency hopping

dBm W dBm W

TRX output 47.0 50 49.5 89.5 - -IDD 50.5 112 53 200 1 RF & BBCombiner by-pass 46.2 41.7 48.5 71 1 RF & BBRTC 44.0 25 6 BBWBC 2:1 42.7 18.5 2 RF & BBWBC 4:1 39.4 8.7 4 RF & BBBTS Receiver Sensitivity,

with Nokia High Gain MHA

Sensitivity800/900&1900

Sensitivity1800

dBm dBm

4-way diversity -118 -118.52-way diversity -115.5 -116Single branch -112.5 -113NOTE: RF performance results are not finalized.



Nokia Flexi EDGE BTS output power• BTS nominal output power values are measured at the Dual Duplexer module’s

antenna connector (same as TOC figures of traditional cabinets) • Output power values are defined with GMSK modulation. With 8-PSK

modulation, values are 2 dB smaller.• Intelligent Downlink Diversity (IDD) doubles (~3 dB) the received signal power

at the handset and multiple diversity gains add downlink by average of 1-2 dB, giving average 4.5 dB gain in total. Shown output power values are after air-combining without antenna gain.

• Combining options:• Combiner by-pass = No combining – 1 TRX to one antenna• WBC 2:1 = One stage Wide Band Combining – 1...2 TRXs to one antenna• WBC 4:1 = Two stage Wide Band Combining – 1...4 TRXs to one antenna• RTC 6:1 = Remote Tune Combining (cavity combining) – 1...6 TRXs to one antenna

• Output power values for RTC are given with 6 TRX and minimum channel spacing. With less TRXs and extended channel spacing, output power is up to 0.5 dB higher.



(Optional slides) IDD Vs. Double Power for clarification (1)

Auxiliary (Delayed) TXReceived signal

Main TX

D

D = Delay of 1-1.5 symbolsDual

Duplexer

LNA+ Multi-couple

rLNA+ Multi-couple

r

Duplexer

Duplexer

Antenna and MHAs

Dual TRX

TX1RX1 Main

Div

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div

MHA

Baseband

Low Correlationbetween Antennas

IDD



(Optional slides) IDD Vs. Double Power for clarification (2)

Baseband

EWxA ERxA

Logical diagram (TX path only shown)

Combiner Dual Duplexer

LNA+ Multi-couple

rLNA+ Multi-couple

r

Duplexer

Duplexer

WBC

Dual TRX

TX1RX1 Main

Div

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div


combining

MHA

Antenna and MHAs

X

DP

Documents

Configurations Flexy Edge