Confined Spaces in Construction Notes Packet

7/25/2019 Confined Spaces in Construction Notes Packet

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Confined Spaces

in Construction

Notes PacketCopyright OSHA Training Services Inc. All Rights Reserved - 2015

Confined Space Accidents

Approximately___people per year have _____ each

year in confined space related accidents at

construction sites in the USA

Over 800 serious ____________ per year

Relatively low percentage of workplace fatalities andinjuries, but a high _________

Some of these fatalities were experienced by would-

be rescuers mostly good Samaritans rushing into

the space to __________ a co-worker in trouble

CopyrightOSHATrainingServicesInc.AllRightsReserved-2015


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Confined Space Accidents

Why is working inside of Confined Spaces so

dangerous?

o Being inside of a confining area __________ severity

of hazards

Close proximity to hazard / difficult to ___________

Harder to _____ from inside the space if incapacitated

Out of ___________ / Out of mind

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d-2015

In the 1970s & 1980s, a comprehensive _______

standard regulating confined space entry was non-

existent

o Only a _____ OSHA references to welding inside tanks /

telecom manholes . . .

Some voluntary consensus standards existed for

___________ space entry

o NIOSH / ANSI (_________)

o_______________ / Ineffective

OSHA set out to develop ____________ confined

space entry standards


OSHA Confined Space Standards


3/843


Federal OSHA promulgated a Permit-Required

Confined Space (PRCS) Entry standard for

___________ _____________ in 1993 . . .

o . . . BUT, it ______________ construction-related workCopyrightOSHATrainingServicesInc.AllRightsReserve

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OSHA Standards29 CFR

o___________General Industry

_______________________

Processing Plants

Transportation / Warehousing Service Industries

_________________ Industry



4/844



o Part ________Shipbuilding . . .

Subpart B, Confined and enclosed

__________ and other dangerous

atmospheres

o 1915.11, Scope, application, and

definitions

o 1915.12, Precautions and the order of

testingo 1915.13, Cleaning and other cold work

o 1915.14, Hot work

o 1915.15, Maintenance of safe

conditions

o 1915.16, Warning signs and labels


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o Part 1926________________

Subpart CGeneral Provisions

o 1926.21(b)(6)(i). . . instruct

employees as to the nature of

hazards in confined & enclosed

spaces, and precautions

necessary to work safely . . .

_____ 1926 standard for confined

space entry in construction issued

in May of ________

o Subpart _______



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o Part 1926Construction

_________ construction

Major ___________________

____________________


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Subpart ____ Confined Spaces in Construction

1926.1208 - Duties of

authorized entrants

1926.1209 - Duties of

attendants

1926.1210 - Duties of entry

supervisors 1926.1211 - _________ and

emergency services

1926.1212 - Employee

participation

1926.1213 - Provision of

documents to Secretary

1926.1200 - Reserved

1926.1201 - Scope

1926.1202 - _____________

1926.1203 - General

requirements

1926.1204 - Permit-requiredconfined space program

1926.1205 - Permitting

process

1926.1206 - Entry _________

1926.1207 - Training



6/846

oOther _______________ OSHA Standards 1926 Subpart E

o1926.95 ~107 - ___________ Protective Equipment

1910 Subpart I

o1910.134 - __________________ Protection

1926 Subpart D

o1926.55-PELs for General_______ Contaminants

o1926.60-1926.65 - PELs Various Toxic Materials 1910 Subpart Z

o1910.1200 - _______________ Communication


d-2015

Subpart AA Confined Spaces in Construction

Permit Required?o company generated Checklist _______________ entry

o identifies the space to be entered and its hazards

o prescribes safety ________________ to be followed

o assigns duties and responsibilities of all employees

o lists ______________ response / rescue procedures to be

utilized

o _____________ by entry supervisor to authorize entry

Government EstimateFull implementation

of this standard will prevent >_____% of the

confined space fatalities in construction


Subpart AA Confined Spaces in Construction


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Scope of Standard

1926.1201(a) - Scope. This standard sets

forth requirements for practices and

procedures to protect employees engaged in

__________ activities at a worksite with one

or more confined spaces subject to the

exceptions in paragraph (b) of this section.

o

Does ______ apply to General Industry work (1910)o Does not apply to Shipbuilding / Shipbreaking (1915)

o_________ apply to construction work conducted at

general industry work sites and shipyards


Scope of Standard

1926.1201(b) - Exceptions. This standard

_______ _______ ____________ to:

(1) Construction work regulated by 1926

Subpart P - ____________________.

(2) Construction work regulated by 1926Subpart S - Underground Construction,

Caissons, Cofferdams and Compressed Air.

(3) Construction work regulated by 1926

Subpart Y - ________________.


8/848

Definitions - 1926._______

oKey definitions for many terms used in

1926 Subpart ________

oAlphabetical order

oNo _______________ for some key terms

Other resources

o___________ to final 1926 & 1910rules (Federal Registers)oOSHA letters of interpretation / directives

oOSHA confined space ____________

oOther OSHA reference documents

owww.osha._______


d-2015

Definitions - 1926.1202

Competent person - means one who is

capable of identifying existing and

predictable ________ in the surroundings or

working conditions which are unsanitary,

hazardous, or dangerous to employees, andwho has the authorization to take prompt

____________ measures to eliminate them.



9/849

General Requirements1926.1203

1926.1203(a)Before it begins work at a worksite, eachemployer must ensure that a __________ person identifies all

confined spaces in which one or more of the employees it

directs may work, and identifies each space that is a ________

space, through consideration and evaluation of the elements

of that space, including testing as necessary.

STEP 1Identify all of your _______________ Spaces

STEP 2Determine which Confined Spaces are ___________________ Confined Spaces (and which are not)

Employers may utilize one competent person for survey, or their own

Documentation of the survey NOT Required in OSHA ______________


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Definition of a Confined Space

See 1926.1202 - Definitionso Confined spaces are characterized by ________ ( )

criteria

o Must meet _____ three (3) criteria of the OSHA

definition

REMEMBER whether or not a ________ ispresent within the space is not relevant at this

point



10/8410


(1) - The Space is Large Enough

and So Configured that an

Employee can Bodily Enter It

o The employee can fit __________

inside the space

o The standard is only intended to

apply to spaces large enough

and configured so the _________

body of an employee can enter


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(2) - The Space has Limited orRestricted Means for Entry orExit

o Does____mean _____ way in or out.

o Means a condition that has a potentialto impede an employees movement into

or ________ of a confined space.o Such conditions include, but are not

limited to, trip hazards, poor illumination,slippery floors, inclining surfaces and___________________.


o Any space where an occupant must

_____________, climb, twist, be constrained in a

narrow opening, follow a lengthy path or otherwise exert unusual

effort to enter or leave, or where the entrance may become sealed or

secured against opening from inside. see OSHA Confined Space Advisor


11/8411


(2) - The Space has Limited orRestricted Means for Entry orExit

o_________________

o Hatches

o____________________

o Ladders

o Spiral Stairways / SteepStairways

o Tight ____________ Spaceso Long Travel ___________ to Exit


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(2) - The Space has Limited orRestricted Means for Entry or Exit

o______________? Not addressed in 1926 Subpart AA

Preamble to final _______ rule. . .OSHA notes that doorways and otherportals through which a person canwalk are _______ to be considered alimited means of entry or exit.However, a space containing such adoor or portal may still be deemed aconfined space if an entrants abilityto escape in an emergency would be

_________________.



12/8412



o Door(s)? Not addressed in 1926 Subpart AA

Preamble to final 1910 rule

Federal register amendment - 1910. . . even if the door or portal of aspace is of sufficient ___________,obstructions could make entry into orexit from the space difficult. The

Agency intended that spaces whichotherwise meet the definition ofconfined spaces, and which haveobstructed entry or exits even thoughthe portal is a standard size doorway,be classified as confined spaces.


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o Keep in mind: Means of entry and exit can

change as work _______________



13/8413


(3) - The Space is _____ Designed forContinuous Employee Occupancy

- this particular utility vault IS NOTdesigned for continuous occupancy

- this particular utility vault____designedfor continuous occupancy


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(1) - The Space is Large Enough andSo Configured that an Employee can__________ __________r It . . .

(2) - The Space has _____________ orRestricted Means for Entry or Exit,

and . . .(3) - The Space is _____ Designed forContinuous Employee Occupancy

____ THREE Criteria Must be In Placeto Be Considered a Confined Space



14/8414

Examples of ___________ Spaces

Rememberthese are some

examples of confined spaces, but

they are not necessarily_______-

requiredconfined spaces.


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Examples of Confined Spaces

____________

______/Storage Bins

______ Handlers

______________ Smoke

Stacks / __________

Escalator ________



15/8415


_______________

_______________

_______________

__________ Tanks

_________ Spaces


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______________

___ Stations/Digesters

_____ Drains/Culverts

__________ Tanks Utility ___________

________________



16/8416


_____ Leveler Pits

Utility __________

_________ Spaces

Open Top ______

Conveyor _______

________ Shafts /Pits


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Types of Confined Spaces

Confined Spaces

______-RequiredConfinedSpaces

____-PermitRequiredSpaces



17/8417

Definition - Permit-Required Confined Space

See 1926.1202 - Definitionso There are four (4) characteristics that can turn a

confined space into a _________-required confined

space (PRCS)

Actual or potential hazardous ___________________

Contains material with potential to ________ entrant

Configured to _________ or asphyxiate entrant

Contains other recognized serious safety or health_______________

o Only takes one of these to trigger the ___________

designation


d-2015

Hazardous Atmosphere - >10% LFL

See Definitions1926.1202

________ different classifications of

Hazardous Atmosphereo Flammable gas/vapor/mist greater than ____% LFL

LFL= ___________ flammable limit

Also widely known as _______ = lower explosive limit

Minimum amount of _______ necessary to be present to burn

Expressed as a _________________ (e.g.: the LEL of CH4 is 5.0%)

Different flammable materials have _______________ LELs

Gases also have an ________ (upper explosive limit)



18/8418

Hazardous Atmosphere - >10% LFL

COMMON COMBUSTIBLE

MATERIALS

LEL UEL

Acetone 2.5 12.8

Acetylene 2.5 100.0

Gasoline 1.4 7.6

Heptane 1.05 6.7

Iso-Alcohol 2.0 12.7

Methane 5.0 15.0

MEK 1.4 11.4

Pentane 1.5 7.8

Propane 2.1 9.5

Toluene 1.1 7.1

Xylene 1.1 7.0

Methane (CH4) ______________

Non-toxic

______________

Odorless

By-product of

decomposition of

________ matter Sewers

Manure _____

Silos

Underground_________


d-2015

Hazardous AtmosphereDust Explosion


Five different varieties of

Hazardous Atmosphereso Flammable gas/vapor/mist greater than

10% LFL

o Airborne combustible _____ at/greater thanits LFL*

*___ foot rule of thumb

Combustible dust suspended in _______

o Examples

____________ dust or saw dust

flour, sugar, corn starch . . . in

__________ form



19/8419

Hazardous AtmosphereOxygen Levels




10% LFL

o Airborne combustible dust at/greater than

its LFL*

o Atmospheric oxygen concentration _______

19.5% or above 23.5%

Oxygen (O2) levels normally _______%

o less than 19.5% - O2___________

atmosphere

o greater than 23.5% - O2_________

atmosphere


d-2015


Reasons for Oxygen Deficiencyo Consumption

o Displacement by other gasses

o Absorption

Symptoms of Oxygen Deficiencyo ______% or lesshard to breathe, nauseous, drowsy

o 12% or less_____________________

o ______% or less - asphyxiation



20/8420


Reasons for Oxygen Enrichmento Introduction of _______ O2into space

______________ hose, pipe, or valve

Pure O2 used for ventilating a space

o Never do thisonly ventilate w/

____________ air

o ________ take gas cylinders into the

space

Hazards of Oxygen Enrichment

o Oxygen _________________ fires O2saturates clothing . . .

Clothing ignites easily, burns

____________


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Hazardous AtmosphereToxicity




10% LFL


its LFL*

o Atmospheric oxygen concentration below

19.5% or above 23.5%

o _______ substance(s) present in quantity

greater than the permissible exposure

limit (_______) *


________ applies if the substance can cause death, incapacitation, impairment

in ability to self-rescue, injury, or acute illness due to its health effectsNo OSHA PEL? - See Safety Data Sheets (_________) or other published info for

additional guidance


21/8421


Permissible Exposure Limit (______)o Established by ____________

_________.55 . . . . . Construction

1910.1000 . . . General Industry

1915.1000 . . . Shipbuilding

_________-Plan OSHA Program Standards

o Other Limits (________________)

ACGIH (threshold limit values / ____________)

NIOSH (recommended exposure limits / ______________)

Internal ___________________ Limits


d-2015


Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

o Established by OSHA

1926.55 . . . . . Construction

Limits for gasses & vapors listed

as ________

Most PELs are based on an8 hour time-weighted average

(aka 8-hour _________)

Some based on ______ minute

Short Term Exposure Limit

(aka ST or STEL)

Some based on a Ceiling Limit(instantaneous limit, designated by _____)



22/8422


Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)o By-product of decomposing

organic matter (oil & gas operations,_______________, fermentation)

o Low odor threshold (smells like_____________ eggs)

o Disables sense of _________ at

higher levels

o OSHA PEL__ ppm / C-20 ppm

NIOSHC-10 ppm

o Symptoms of Over-Exposure

___ irritation, nausea, hard to

breath, headache

Convulsions,

unconsciousness, death

Carbon Monoxide (CO)o By-product of incomplete

combustion (flue gas / engine__________________)

o Known as Silent Killer

Colorless / ______________

o OSHA PEL_____ ppm

NIOSH35 ppm / C-200

ppm

Cal/OSHA25 ppm

o

Symptoms of Over-Exposure Headache, nausea, red

__________

Unconsciousness

Death


d-2015

DefinitionHazardous Atmosphere




10% LFL


its LFL*

o Atmospheric oxygen concentration below

19.5% or above 23.5%

o Toxic substance(s) present in quantity

greater than the permissible exposure limit

(PEL) *

o Any other atmosphere that is Immediately

Dangerous to Life or Health (________)



23/8423

Hazardous AtmosphereIDLH

IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life or Healtho 1926.1202means any condition that would interfere

with an individuals ability to escape_________ from a

permit space and that poses a threat to life or that

would cause irreversible adverse health effects.

Examplesoverexposure to hydrogen fluoride gas or

_______________ vapors

o Term is also used in OSHA 1910.134 / respiratory

protection standard means __ deficient atmosphere, or unknown atmosphere


d-2015



confined space into a permit-required confined

space (PRCS)

Actual or potential hazardous atmosphere

Contains liquid or material with potential to

_______________entrant



24/8424

Engulfment See Definition1926.1202

Surrounded or Captured by . . .

o______________ _____________

Pipelines

_____________

Process tanks

o Finely divided ____________

_______________ elevators/ storagebins

___________ (flour, sawdust, cement,

pellets . . .)


d-2015




space (PRCS)

Actual or potential hazardous atmosphere

Contains liquid or material with potential to

engulf entrant

Configured to_________ or asphyxiate entrant



25/8425

Entrapment Space with __________

converging walls or

downwardly sloping

floors that taper to a

small cross-section and

could ___ or asphyxiate

the entrant (bycompressing their torso -

paraphrase)

Some Examples

_____________

Discharge _______ / Silos


d-2015




space (PRCS)

Actual or potential hazardous atmosphere Contains liquid or material with potential to

engulf entrant

Configured to trap or asphyxiate entrant

Contains other recognized___________ safety

or health hazard



26/8426

Serious Safety or Health Hazards

No _________ of this specific phrase in1926.1202

Refer to ____________ for Subpart AA . . . hazards that could impair the ability of an

entrant to exit the space without_______.

The key determination is the likelihood that

death or serious harm will occur ___ an accident

or exposure occurs.

Some Examples

o

Mechanical Hazards (________ / gears / equipment)o Exposed ____________ Hazards

o Extreme Heat / _______________ Lines . . .

o _________________ Hazards

o ____________ / Biological or Radiation Hazards /

Venomous Snakes & Insects/ ________ Objects


d-2015

_____-Permit Required Confined Spaces

See Definition1926.1202 A non-permit confined space means a confined space

that meets the definition of a confined space but does __

meet the requirements for a permit-required confined

space . . .

No signage / no permit / no special precautions requiredto ____________

Entry employers must have a competent person re-

evaluate the non-permit space if there are any ________

to the use or configuration of the space that might

increase the hazards to entrants, or indication of problem

o If actual or potential hazard(s) are discovered, the space must

be re-classified as a __________-Required Confined Space



27/8427

Non-Permit Required Confined Spaces

EXAMPLEInstalling new stainlesssteel process tanks

o _________ held any product or material

o No agitators / No fill-lines / No other __________

o Classified as _______-Permit Confined Space

Employee enters to inspect the interior

Before leaving, he wipes out the interior

of the tank with isopropyl alcohol to

sanitize the surfaceso Creates a potentially hazardous _____________

(potentially flammable / toxic)

o Must temporarily ____________ tanks as Permit-

Required Confined Spaces during this process


d-2015

Signage Requirements

1926.1203(__) -If the workplace contains

one or more _____ spaces, the employer

who identifies, or who receives notice of,

a permit space must . . .

Inform exposed employees by posting danger

_____ or by any other equally effective means,

of the existence and location of, and thedanger posed by, each permit space; and,

________, in a timely manner and in a manner

other than posting, its employees authorized

representatives and the controlling contractor

of the existence and location of, and the

danger posed by, each permit space.


NOTE: A sign reading DANGER - PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE, DO NOT

ENTER or using other _____________ language would satisfy the requirement for a sign.


28/8428


Controlling Contractor - is the employer

that has ___________ responsibility for

construction at the worksite.

o___________ applies to the General Contractor

May be _____ employer when no G.C. is utilized

oMay or may not have employees ___________

permit spaces

oMay not even be on the ______ at all times

oOSHA preambleThe controlling contractor is theinformation hub for confined-spaces information sharing

and_____________________


d-2015

Signage Requirements

Goal is to ____________ affected

employees of existence, location,

and danger of each space

See preamble to _____ confined

space rule for further guidance Provide sufficient _________ to all

affected employees at the site

_______ the entry portal w/ lock or

special fastener

o____ trained entrant(s) have the key /

tool



29/8429

____ Entry Policy

1926.1203(c)Each

employer who identifies, or

receives notice of, a permit

space and has _______

authorized employees it

directs to work in that

space must take effective

measures to ______ those

employees from entering

that permit space, inaddition to complying with

all other applicable

requirements of this

standard.


d-2015

Ensure danger _______ are posted

______ employees of the existence

and hazards of the permit spaces

Inform employees of the companys

___ ________ policy

_________ for compliance with the

policy

______________ policy!

1926.1203(f)A competent person

must ______________ non-permit

required confined spaces if there

are changes in use / configuration

that could increase hazards, or if

there is some indication the initial

evaluation was not adequate, so

that it can be reclassified as permit-

required if necessary

Entry Employers

1926.1203(d) - If any

employer decides that

employees it directs ______

______ a permit space, that

employer must have a

___________ permit space

program that complies with

1926.1204 implemented at

the construction site.

o The written program must

be made available ____ to

and during entry operations

for inspection by

employees and their

authorized reps.

1926.1203(c)Each

employer who identifies, or

receives notice of, a permit

space and has not

authorized employees it

directs to work in that

space must take effective

measures to prevent those

employees from entering

that permit space, in

addition to complying with

all other applicable

requirements of this

standard.



30/8430


Host employer - means the employer that

______ or manages the property where the

construction work is taking place.

Controlling Contractor - is the employer

that has __________ responsibility for

construction at the worksite.

Entry Employer - means any employer

who decides that an employee it directs will

___________ a permit space.


d-2015

_______ Employer Responsibilities

1926.1203(h)(1) - Before entry

operations begin, the _____ employer

must provide the following information,

if it has it, to the controlling contractor:

o The location of each known ________

space;

o The _________ or potential hazards in

each space or the reason it is a permit

space; and,

o Any _________________ that the host

employer or any previous controlling

contractor or entry employer

implemented for the protection of

employees in the permit space.



31/8431

Controlling Contractor Responsibilities

1926.1203(h)(2) - ___________ entryoperations begin, the controlling

contractor must:

o __________ the host employers information

about the permit space hazards and

previous entry operations; and,

o Provide the following information to each

____ entering a permit space and any other

entity at the worksite whose activities could

foreseeably result in a hazard in the permit

space:


d-2015

The information received from the ________ employer;

Any _____________ information the controlling contractor has about the

hazards and precautions necessary for working safely in each space; &,

The precautions that the host employer, controlling contractor, or other

entry employers implemented for the protection of employees ________

into in the permit spaces.

_________ Employer Responsibilities

1926.1203(h)(3) - ___________ entry

operations begin, each entry employer

must:

o Obtain all of the controlling

contractors information regarding

permit space __________ and entry

operations; and,

o Inform the controlling contractor of

the permit space program that the

entry employer will ______, including

any hazards likely to be confronted

or created in each permit space.



32/8432

1926.1203(h)(4) - The controllingcontractor and entry employer(s) must

____________ entry operations when:

o____ than one entity performs permit

space entry at the same time; or,

o Permit space entry is performed at

the _____ time that any activities that

could foreseeably result in a hazard

in the permit space are performed.


d-2015

Coordination Among ________1926.1203(h)

1926.1203(h)(5) - _________ entry

operations:

o The controlling contractor must ______ each

entity that entered a permit space regarding

the permit space program followed and any

hazards confronted or created in the permit

space(s) during entry operations;

o The ___________ employer must inform the

controlling contractor in a timely manner of

the permit space program followed and of

any hazards confronted or created in the

permit space(s) during entry operations;

and,

o The controlling contractor must apprise the

____ employer of the information exchanged

with the entry employers.


Coordination Among Entities1926.1203(h)


33/8433

1926.1203(h) - _________________o Unless a host employer or controlling

contractor has or will have employees in

a confined space, it is not required for

either of them to ________ any confined

space to collect the information about

the hazards inside the space; and,

o If there is _____ controlling contractor

present at the worksite, the

requirements for, and role of, controlling

contactors must be fulfilled by the _____employer or other employer who

arranges to have employees of another

employer perform work that involves a

permit space


d-2015

Coordination Among Entities1926.1203(h)

Entry into Permit-Required Spaces

Permit-RequiredConfinedSpaces

________ EntryProcedures -1926.1203(e)

Enter Under AnEntry Program -

1926.______

__________ AsNon-Permit -1926.1203(g)



34/8434

Temporary Reclassification to Non-Permit Space

1926.1203(g)o Only applies to permit spaces that:

Pose _____ actual / potential

atmospheric hazard

All non-atmospheric hazards in

the space must be eliminated or

__________ without entering the

space

o Refer to definition of Isolation

If ____ is required to eliminate or

isolate hazards inside the space

o Enter under a full permit / Reclassify

___________ hazards eliminated


d-2015


Definitions 1926.1202 _________" means the process by

which a permit space is removed from service and ___________

protected against the release of energy and material into the

space, or potential employee contact with a physical hazard, by

means such as:

o blanking or _________________;

o misaligning or removing ____________ of

lines, pipes, or ducts;o a ____________ block and bleed system;

turn off _________ valves in series

open bleed-off valve in-between

____________ & tag all valves

o lockout / tag-out of all sources of __________________;

o blocking or disconnecting all mechanical ___________________; or,

o placement of _______ to eliminate the potential for employee contact

with a physical hazard.



35/8435


1926.1203(g)(continued)oAfter testing and inspection to ______

hazard-free, space can be temporarily

reclassified as Non-permit Required

o Employer must ______ the space is

safe for entry

identify the space / ________ entered

document steps to eliminate all

_________________

____________________ of personmaking certification / posted

o If any hazard arises, entrants must

_____ the space immediately and re-

evaluate

CERTIFICATION of

RECLASSIFICATION

Identity of Space

Date of Entry

Steps to Eliminate Hazards

Certified by:John Doe CopyrightOSHATrainingServicesInc.AllRightsReserve

d-2015


1926.1203(g)(continued)

o Once the space has been

temporarily reclassified as a ___-

permit Required Confined Space:

_____ entry permit needed (just the

written certification)

No _____________ entrant required

No _________________ required

No entry supervisor ______________

No ___________ team required . . . .

o Space is returned to _________-

required status when the space is

no longer isolated / hazard free



36/8436

Alternate Entry Procedures

1926.1203(e)oApplies to permit spaces with actual

or potential _________ hazards only

(all other hazards are not present, or

have been eliminated or isolated via

engineering controls)

o The employer can demonstrate that

continuous _________-air ventilation

alone will maintain the atmosphere

safe for entry, and allow adequatetime for all entrants to escape without

overexposure if ventilation system

stops ________________


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See _______________ to 1910.146 General Industry final rule - No more than

the level of a hazardous atmosphere (e.g.:


37/8437


1926.1203(e)(continued)oAdditional conditions for alternate entry

_______ must be installed and operating

efficiently before entry / continuously

o Hose must be directed to ventilate the

immediate ______ where an employee

is or will be present within the space

o Must continue until all employees ____

the space

If any hazardous atmosphere is

detected __________ entry,oAll entrants ____ immediately evacuate

the confined space

o Reevaluate the space and implement

measures to protect employees ________

any subsequent entry takes place


d-2015

Alternate Entry Procedures1926.1203(e)(continued)

o If initial testing or hazard isolation must

be conducted from ______ the space?Enter under ___ permit until deemed safe

o The employer must ensure a safe

method of __________ and exiting the

space. If a hoisting system is used, it must be

designed and manufactured for

________________ hoisting;

However, a job-made hoisting system

is permissible if it is ____________ for

personnel hoisting by a registered

professional engineer, in writing, prior

to use.



38/8438


1926.1203(e)(continued)o Employer must ______ the space is safe

for entry, and that all required measured

taken before entry

_________ certification must identify:

o The identity / location of the space

o The _______ of entry

o Signature of the person certifying the

space is _______ for entry

Certification must be ____________ toemployees entering the space or their

representatives

ALTERNATE ENTRY

CERTIFICATION

Identify Space

Date of Entry

Certified by:John Doe


d-2015

Alternate Entry Procedures1926.1203(e)(continued)

o Once the space has been certified as

_______ for entry under the alternate

procedures:

No _________ needed (just the written

certification)

No authorized entrant ____________

No _________________ required

_____ entry supervisor required

No _____________ team required . . . .

o Space is returned to ______-required

status when the work is completed



39/8439

Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program

1926.1204- Each entry employer must:(a) - Implement the measures

necessary to prevent _______________

entry;

o Typically addressed with a written policy,

training on the policy for affected

employees, and ___________ through a

discipline program


d-2015


1926.1204- Each entry employer must:

(b) - Identify and evaluate the ________

of permit spaces before employees

enter them;

o Initial confined space evaluation

conducted by ____________ person(s)o On site pre-entry evaluation conducted

by the entry supervisor when

completing the entry ____________

o Subsequent evaluations due to

________ to space / operations / newly

discovered hazards



40/8440


1926.1204- Each entry employer must:(c) - Develop and implement the means,

procedures, and practices necessary for safe

_______ space entry operations, including, but

not limited to, the following:

(c)(1) - Specify acceptable entry ___________;

oAddressed in Module on Permits (later)

(c)(2) - Provide each authorized entrant or that

employee's authorized representative with the

opportunity to ______ any monitoring or testing

of permit spaces;


d-2015


(c)(3) - ______ the permit space and physical hazards

within that space;

See Definitions 1926.1202 "Isolation" means the

process by which a permit space is removed from service

and completely __________ against the release of energy

and material into the space, or potential employee contact

with a physical hazard, by such means as: blanking or _______________;

misaligning or removing sections of lines, ________, or ducts;

a _____________ block and bleed system;

_______________ or tagout of all sources of energy;

or blocking or disconnecting ______ mechanical linkages; or,

placement of barriers to eliminate the potential for employee

contact with a physical ___________________.



41/8441


(c)(4) - Purge, inert, flush, and/orventilate the permit space as

necessary to eliminate or control

_________________ hazards;

Install ___________________

__________ ______ contents

Wash-out and ____________

Fill with _________ gas to control

flammability if ventilation

alone does not reduce theatmosphere below 10% LEL

o__________ use SCBA or supplied air

respirator with escape bottle


d-2015


(c)(5) - Determine that,

in the event the

ventilation system stops

working, the monitoring

procedures will detect an

increase in atmospheric

hazard levels in sufficient_____ for the entrants to

safely exit the permit

space;



42/8442


(c)(6) - Provide pedestrian,vehicle, or other barriers as

necessary to protect entrants from

_______________ hazards;

Prevent falling __________ / people

Refer to the Uniform_________ on

Traffic Control Devices for proper

set-up of traffic control / work zones


d-2015


(c)(7) - Verify that conditions in

the permit space are acceptable

for entry throughout the _______

of an authorized entry, and

ensure that employees are not

allowed to enter into, or remain

in, a permit space with ahazardous atmosphere unless

the employer can . . .

o demonstrate that personal protective

equipment (_________) will provide

effective protection for each

employee in the permit space, and

o ______ the appropriate PPE to each

employee


Utilize continuous air

_________________;

Make additional

_________________ of

conditions / equipment /

entrants conducted by

the entry supervisor or

attendants as needed


43/8443


(c)(8) - __________ any conditionsthat could make it unsafe to

remove an entrance cover.

o Examplebleeding off high

____________________

NOTE: Development of entry

procedures should ___ be done by,

or reviewed by, a technicallyqualified professional


d-2015


1926.1204- Each entry employer

must:

(d) - Provide the following equipment

at no ______ to employees, maintain

that equipment properly, and ensure

that employees use that equipmentproperly:

(d)(1)- ___________ and monitoring

equipment needed to comply with

1926.1204(e)

(d)(2)- Ventilating equipment needed

to obtain _________________ entry,



44/8444


(d)(3)- Communications equipmentnecessary for compliance with

paragraphs 1926.1208(c) and

1926.1209(e), including any

necessary electronic communication

equipment for attendants assessing

entrants status in________ spaces;

Method of communication between

attendant and entrant(s) must be

immediate & __________________

o ________________ (in close-range)

o Radio __ Electronic video monitoring

o __________________ devices

o ____________ of Raps or Knocks

o _____ TIMED CHECKS!


d-2015



(d)(4) -_______________ protective

equipment insofar as feasible

engineering and work practice

controls do not adequately protect

employees;

Refer to 1926 Sub part ______

o Eye & __________ protectio n

o____________ pro tec tion

o Hand __ Foot protectio n

o__________ pro tec tion

Respiratory pro tect ion 1926.103

o References_______________


45/8445

Respiratory Protection

Respiratory Protection Programo Designated Program ____________

o____________ program / site-specific

procedures

o________________ clearance

o Respirator ___-testing (initial / annual)

o Training (initial / ______________)

o Respirator ___________________

o Equipment used is _____________ toprotect from atmospheric hazards


d-2015


o Levels _____ OSHA PEL / Not IDLH

Selection is based on _________ and

concentration of air contaminant

oChemical Cartridge Respirators

mask - up to ____x pel

______ face-pieceup to 50x pel

o Supplied Air Full Face-piece -

Pressure _______ Mode1000x pel



46/8446


o O2___________ Atmosphere / IDLH Full-face ____________ Air / Pressure

Demand Mode

o_____________ bottle

_______________

o Escape Respirators

____________ intended for escape

purposes

Never use as ___________ respirator

for entry


d-2015

Final decisions regarding _________ of respirators must be made by a

technically qualified person

Implement ______ mandatory elements of a respiratory protection

program.


(d)(5)- Lighting equipment that meets

the minimum illumination requirements

in 1926._____, that is approved for the

ignitable or combustible properties of

the specific gas, vapor, dust, ____

fiber that will be present, and

that is sufficient to enable

employees to see well enough

to work safely and to ________ the

space quickly in an emergency;

Flammable / combustible materials

o Intrinsically safe / ________________

_________ environments

o _______ / Low-voltage / Battery-operated

o __________ also suitable for emergency

use



47/8447


(d)(6)- Barriers and shields asrequired . . .

Radiation barriers / ________ shields(supplements PPE, already addressed)

(d)(7)- Equipment, such as ladders,

needed for ____ ingress and egress

by authorized entrants;

Ladder use must comply with:

o 1926 Subpart ____ / ladders

(construction)


d-2015


(d)(8)- Rescue and emergency

___________ needed to comply with

paragraph 1926.1204(i) of this

section, except to the extent that the

equipment is provided by rescue

services;

o Lifelines, _____________, tripods Covered in Rescue Module (later)



48/8448


(d)(9)- Any _______ equipmentnecessary for safe entry into,

safe exit from, and rescue from,

permit spaces.

o Examples:

_______ protection gear

Life _____________

Backup _________ source


d-2015


1926.1204- Each entry employer must:

(e) - _________ permit space conditions as follows

when entry operations are conducted:



49/8449


(e)(1) - Test conditions in the permitspace _________ changes to the spaces

natural ventilation are made, and before

entry is authorized to begin, to determine

if acceptable entry conditions exist,

except when an employer demonstrates

that isolation of the space is infeasible

because the space is large or is part of a

continuous system (such as a _______),

the employer must :

i. Perform _______-entry testing to the

extent feasible before entry isauthorized; and,

ii. If entry is authorized, continuously

monitors entry conditions in the areas

where authorized entrants are

__________________ . . .


d-2015


(iii) Provides an ______-warning system

that continuously monitors for non-

isolated engulfment hazards. The

system must alert authorized

entrants and attendants in sufficient

time for the authorized entrants to

safely __________ the space.

Automatic monitoring device(s)with alarm stationed upstream a

sufficient distance to ensure

_____________ communication

Attendant(s) with _____________

stationed upstream a sufficient

distance to ensure timely

communication



50/8450


(e)(2) - _____________ monitor atmospherichazards . . .

. . . unless the employer can demonstrate

that the equipment for continuously

monitoring a hazard is not commercially

available or that periodic monitoring is of

sufficient frequency to ensure that the

atmospheric hazard is being controlled at

____________ levels.

If periodic monitoring is use, it must be at

conducted with sufficient ____________ to

ensure that acceptable entry conditions arebeing maintained during the course of entry

operations;


d-2015


(e)(3)- When testing for atmospheric

hazards, test _________ for oxygen, then for

combustible gases and vapors, and then for

toxic gases and vapors.

(e)(4) - Provide each authorized ________ or

that employees authorized representative an

opportunity to observe the pre-entry and any

subsequent testing or monitoring of permit

spaces



51/8451


(e)(5) - Reevaluate the permit space in thepresence of any authorized entrant or that

employees authorized representative who

__________ that the employer conduct such

reevaluation because there is some

indication that the evaluation of that space

may not have been adequate

(e)(6) - Immediately provide each authorized

entrant or that employees authorized

representative with the ______ of any testing

conducted per this standard


d-2015



must:

(f) - Provide at least one ____________

outside the permit space into which

entry is authorized for the duration of

entry operations;

1) Attendants may be assigned to more

than one permit space provided the

duties described in this paragraph (i)

can be effectively performed for _______

permit space.

2) Attendants may be stationed at any

location outside the permit space as

long as their _______ can be effectively

performed for each permit space to

which the attendant is assigned.


Summons _________ Perform ___-entry rescue

First aid & _________

_________ unauthorized

rescue


52/8452


1926.1204- Each entry employermust:

(g) - If multiple spaces are to be

assigned to a single attendant, include

in the permit program the means and

procedures to enable the attendant to

respond to an emergency affecting

one or more of those permit spaces

without _________ from the attendants

responsibilities listed in paragraph (i)


d-2015



must:

(h) - Designate the persons who are to

have active ________ (as, for example,

authorized entrants, attendants, entry

supervisors, or persons who test or

monitor the atmosphere in a permit

space) in entry operations, identify the

________ of each such employee, and

provide each such employee with the

training required by 1926.1207



53/8453



(i) - Develop and implement

procedures for summoning rescue and

_______________ services (including

procedures for summoning emergency

assistance in the event of a failed non-

entry rescue), for rescuing entrants

from permit spaces, for providing

necessary emergency services torescued employees, and for preventing

__________________ personnel from

attempting a rescue


d-2015



must:

(j) - Develop and implement a system

for the preparation, issuance, use, and

cancellation of entry ___________ as

required by this standard, including

the safe termination of entry

operations under both planned and

emergency conditions



54/8454



(k) - Develop and implement procedures to

coordinate entry operations, in consultation

with the ______________ contractor, when

employees of more than one employer are

working simultaneously in a permit space

or elsewhere on the worksite where their

activities could, either alone or in

conjunction with the activities within a

permit space, foreseeably result in ahazard within the confined space, so that

employees of one employer do not

____________ the employees of any other

employer


d-2015



must:

(l) - Develop and implement

procedures (such as closing off a

permit space and cancelling permit)

necessary for concluding the entry

__________ entry operations have

been completed



55/8455



(m) - Review entry operations when the measures taken

under the permit space program may not protect

employees and _____ the program to correct deficiencies

found to exist before subsequent entries are authorized:

Examples of circumstances requiring the review of the

permit space program include, but are not limited to:

Any ____________________ entry of a permit space

The detection of a permit space hazard ___ covered by the permit,

The detection of a condition prohibited by the _______________

The occurrence of an _____________ or near-miss during entry

A ____________ in the use or configuration of a permit space, and

Employee _____________ about the effectiveness of the program.


d-2015



must:

(n) - Review the permit space program,

using all canceled permits within __ year

after each entry and revise the program

as necessary to ensure that employees

participating in entry operations are

__________ from permit space hazards.

NOTE to paragraph (n):Employers may perform a

single annual review covering ____ entries performed

during a 12-month period. If no entry is performed

during a 12-month period, _____ review is necessary.



56/8456

Permit Requirements

1926.1205 - Permitting Processo Employer must complete a ______ permit before entry into a PRCS

to document completion of all required measures

o The permit must be:

_____________ by the entry supervisor

_____________ at or near the entry portal before / throughout entry

o Duration of entry is __________ to time / task(s) listed on the permit

o Entry must be ________________ orterminated and the space fully

reassessed before re-entry when . . .

. . . a condition ____________ in nature that is not allowed under the entry

permit arises in or near the permit space and that temporary condition

does not change the configuration of the space or create any new hazardswithin the space

o Entry is ___________________ / permit is cancelled when . . .

. . . listed operations are ____________________

. . . an unforeseen problem arises that _________________ be resolved

o Employer must ____________ all cancelled permits for one year


d-2015

Permit Requirements1926.1206 - Entry Permit

o _________ of the permit space to be entered

o The _______________ of the entry

o Date and authorized ___________ of permit

o ______ of authorized entrant(s) in the space

May also use a roster or tracking system/reference

o Means to detect an increase in atmospherichazards in the event the ventilation system

___________

o Name(s) of the __________________(s)

o Name and signature of the entry __________

o The hazards associated with that space



57/8457

Permit Requirements

1926.1206 -Entry Permit(continued)

o Measures used to isolate the space or to

eliminate or control _________________

_______________ / tag-out

Blinding ____ disconnection pipes & lines

___________ or pump

o The __________________ entry conditions

Range or limit of atmospheric readings(e.g.: O2- > 19.5% - < 23.5%; H2S < 10ppm . . .)


d-2015

Permit Requirements1926.1206 -Entry Permit (continued)

o Results of atmospheric tests

Pre & post-________________ checks

Periodic checks if continuous monitoring

equipment ______ commercially available

List the _______ results (not just okay or

safe . . .) __________(s) of test(s)

_______ or initials of person(s) conducting

test(s)

o The identity / means / info for summoning

designated ______ / emergency services

o The _______________ procedures to be

used by entrants and attendant



58/8458

Permit Requirements

1926.1206 -Entry Permit(continued)

o Equipment required to be utilized,

including:

_______ monitoring equipment

______________________ equipment

Communication equipment

______________ systems

___________ equipment

o Other necessary information to ________safety of entrants

oAdditional required permits

_______ work permit


d-2015

Permit Requirements1926.1206 -Entry Permit (continued)

o If time requirements / scope of job /

hazards ___________, entry must be

suspended or terminated until

hazards are re-___________ and the

permit is revised or a new permit is re-

issued by an entry supervisoro Remember to maintain cancelled

permits for one full year (used for annualprogram _____________)

ENTRY PERMIT Space

Purpose

Date

Duration

Names of entrant(s)

Means to detect increased

atmospheric hazards

Name of attendant(s)

Supervisor name/signature

List hazards inside space

Measures to isolate space

Acceptable entry conditions

Air monitoring details . . .

Rescue means/contact info

Communication procedures

Required PPE / equipment Other info

Other permits - attached



59/8459

Training Requirements1926.1207 Traininga) - The employer must provide training to

each employee whose work is regulated by

this standard

o Authorized ____________________

o Designated ____________________

o Entry ________________________

o On Site __________ / Emergency Personnel

o ___________ of Gas Monitoring Equipment

o _______________________ person(s)o Affected personnel of other entities

_____________________ contractors

_______________ employers


d-2015

Training Requirements1926.1207 Training

a) - The employer must provide training to

each employee whose work is regulated by

this standard, at no ____ to the employee,

and ensure that the employee possesses

the understanding, knowledge, and skills

necessary for the safe performance of theduties assigned under this standard. This

training must result in an understanding of

the hazards in the permit space and the

methods used to isolate, control or in other

ways ___________ employees from these

hazards, and for those employees ______

authorized to perform entry rescues, in the

dangers of attempting such rescues



60/8460

Training Requirements1926.1207 Training (continued)

b) - Training shall be provided to affected

employees in a language and vocabulary

they _______________________:

o Before the employee is ___ assigned duties,

o ______ there is a change in assigned duties,

o Whenever there is a change in permit space

operations that presents a hazard about

which an employee has ___ previously been

trained

o Whenever the employer has reason to

believe either that there are deviations from

the permit space entry procedures required

by OSHA, or when there are inadequacies

evident in the employee's knowledge or ____

of these procedures.


d-2015

Training Requirements1926.1207 Training (continued)

c) - The training must establish employee

proficiency in the _________ required by the

OSHA standard, and must introduce new or

___________ procedures, as necessary, for

compliance with the OSHA standard.

d) - The employer must __________ training

records to show that the training required by

OSHA has been accomplished. The training

records must contain each employees

_________, the name of the trainers, and the

dates of training. Training documents must

be maintained for the period of time the

____________ is employed by the employer.



61/8461

Duties of Authorized Entrants

1926.1208 Know & understand the hazards that may

be faced (including mode, signs or

_______________, and consequences of

exposure)

Properly use ___________________

Communicate _______ with the attendant

______ attendant of dangers or prohibited

conditions

________ the space ASAP:

o whenever ______________ by the attendant

o you recognize signs of a dangerous situation

or a ____________________ condition, or

o an ____________________ is ordered


d-2015

Duties of Attendants1926.1209 ___________ & understand the hazards

that may be faced by entrants

o _____, symptoms & consequences of over-

exposure

o Possible behavioral ____________ of over-

exposure

Maintain an accurate ____ of all entrants

at all times

Maintain constant watch outside of the

space unless relieved by another

__________________ attendant

Communicate regularly with entrants /

__________________ their status



62/8462

Duties of Attendants

1926.1209 (continued) Assesses activities and conditions inside

___ outside the space to determine if it is

safe for entrants to remain in the space

and orders the authorized entrants to

evacuate the permit space immediately

under ______ of the following conditions:

1) If there is a ________________ condition;

2) If the behavioral _____ of hazard exposure

are apparent in an authorized entrant;3) If there is a situation outside the space that

could endanger the authorized entrants; __

4) If the attendant cannot effectively and

safely perform ______ the required duties


d-2015

Duties of Attendants1926.1209 (continued) _________ rescue and other emergency

services as soon as the attendant

determines that authorized entrants may

need assistance to escape from permit

space hazards



63/8463

Duties of Attendants

1926.1209 (continued) Take the following ____________ when

unauthorized persons approach or enter

a permit space while entry is underway:

1) ______ the unauthorized persons they

must stay away from the permit space;

2) Advise the unauthorized persons that

they must __ immediately if they have

entered the permit space; and

3) Inform the authorized entrants and the_________ supervisor if unauthorized

persons have entered the permit

space;


d-2015

Duties of Attendants1926.1209 (continued) Perform ____-entry rescues as specified

by the employers rescue procedure;

and,

Perform _____ duties that might interfere

with the attendants primary duty toassess and protect the authorized

entrants

o __________ leave a space unattended

o Do _______ enter the space

o Perform no task that distracts from

___________________ duties



64/8464

Duties of Entry Supervisors

1926.1210 Know all hazards to be faced / mode,

signs & ___________________, and

consequences of over-exposure

_________ proper entries made of all

specified tests and results, and all

required personnel, procedures &

equipment listed on permit have been

provided before signing

Verify rescue & emergency servicesavailable / means to summons is

adequate, and that the employer will

be ____________ as soon as service

becomes unavailable


d-2015

Duties of Entry Supervisors1926.1210 (continued) ____________ unauthorized entrants

Ensure conditions of entry are

maintained, and ________ entry until

the space is re-evaluated and safe

entry conditions restored if unsafe orunknown conditions are detected

___________ entry / cancel permit at

conclusion of regular entry, or when

non-correctable hazards are detected



65/8465

Duties of Entry Supervisors Can the entry supervis or

sim ultaneously s erve as an entrant

or the attendant?

o ___, if properly cross-trained, equipped,

designated and qualified to perform

both functions

Can the dut ies of entry su pervisor b e

transferred dur in g entry operat ions?

o Yes. However, the new entry supervisor

must ____________ all information and

protections specified on the entry

permit are in place and effective, and

must enter their signature on the

permit.

See definition in 1926._________


d-2015

Rescue and Emergency Services

1926.1211

Methods of Rescue

oNon-__________ rescue

Usually performed by the

____________________oRescue team

On site ______ of employees

_______ party rescue service



66/8466


Non-entry rescueo_______ use a retrieval system

Tripod and winch ( ___________entries)

Method may ___ be feasible in

some cases

o Space configuration may create

_______________

o Projection / _________ hazards

o Use rescue _________ instead


d-2015


Non-entry rescue (continued)

o Entrant wears a full-body /

chest ___________________

o Wristlets or anklets acceptable

in special cases

e.g.: when man-way is _______o Lifeline attached to harness /

secured to ______ point outside

o Must use mechanical device if

space is ___ or more feet deep /

vertical entry

o Rescuer or stand-by person

____ be First-aid / CPR certified



67/8467


Non-entry rescue (continued)

o Confirm, _______ to entry, that

emergency assistance would

be available in the event that

non-entry rescue __________

o Practice making permit space

rescues before attempting an

actual rescue, and at least

once every ____ months, bymeans of simulated rescue

operations from representative

permit spaces (unless an actualrescue is performed)


d-2015


Employee Rescue Team

o Employee team ____ be equipped,

trained & proficient in use of rescue

equipment / PPE

o Must be trained to entrant level

plus additional assigned ________needed to perform rescue

oAll trained in basic first aid / CPR

One member _____________

o Practice making mock rescues at

least once every 12 months for ___

configurations of permit spaces(unless an actual rescue is performed)



68/8468


Third Party Rescue Serviceo Employer must evaluate prospective

service / and base selection on:

Able to ____________ proficiently /

successfully

Able to respond in _______ manner

o Varies depending on type /degree

of hazards

o Inform rescuers of _____ potential

hazards, and allow rescuers accessto spaces for practice

o Must notify the rescue team _____ to

each entry & verify their availability to

assist throughout / notify if unable


d-2015

For further guidance, see

Appendix ___ in the 1910

General Industry confined

space standard


Safety Data Sheets (_______)

o Employer must make appropriate

Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or other

similar written information is

available to medical providers if

injured entrant is exposed to

__________________ substance

See 1910.1200 for additional

information about SDSs and OSHAs

hazard communication ____________



69/8469


NOTE:Providing rescueservices requires special

equipment and training, which

is _________ the scope of this

online training course.

The entry ______________ is

responsible for insuring

adequate means of rescue areavailable prior to each and

every entry


d-2015

Atmospheric Testing 1926.1203(e)(2)(iii)- Before an employee enters the space, the

internal atmosphere must be tested, with a calibrated ________-

reading instrument . . .

1926.1203(e)(2)(vi )- The atmosphere within the space must be

__________________ monitored . . .

1926.1204(e)(1)(i)- Test conditions in the permit space to

determine if acceptable entry conditions exist ______ changes to

the spaces natural ventilation are made, and before entry is

authorized to begin . . .

1926.1204(e)(2)- Continuously _________ atmospheric hazards

unless the employer can demonstrate that the equipment for

continuously monitoring a hazard is not commercially available or

that periodic monitoring is of sufficient frequency to ensure that

the atmospheric hazard is being controlled at safe levels . . .



70/8470

Atmospheric Testing

Gas detectorsoDirect-reading instruments

____________ testing (w/ pump &sampling hose)

_________________ monitoring

oAlarm-only instruments

No direct read-out / never use

for ____________ testing

Best suited for _____________

monitoring for a single gas when

multiple workers enter a large

space


d-2015

Atmospheric Testing Gas detectors

o______________ gas detectors

One ___________ only

o___________-gas detectors

o____________ sensor(s) for thepotential hazards

O2 & LEL%

o________________ sensors

Toxic gas & vapor

osubstance-______________ sensors

oPID sensor (general sensor - ______)



71/8471

Atmospheric Testing

Gas detectorsoSingle gas detectors

oMulti-gas detectors

Correct sensor(s) for the

potential hazards?

Sensors have a shelf life /

can be _________________

oRequire calibration

________ calibration

________ test

oaka: ______ calibration check


d-2015


oCalibration (per manufacturers_______________________)

See manufacturers

recommended schedule

oWhenever ________ sensor(s)installed

oManufacturer will specify

___________________ tests

Ensure calibration-gas is matched /

not ________________

If calibration ________, sensor(s) will

need to be replaced and calibrated



72/8472

Atmospheric Testing

Gas detectorsoCalibration

o__________ test (per manufacturersinstructions)

Attach to the calibration-gas

cylinder / expose sensors to _____

Confirms alarms work & readings in

acceptable _________ (if not, then

recalibrate the instrument)

Perform before ___ use each day /

after any exposure to a high level of

contaminant(s)


d-2015


o _________ Out the sensors

Sensor(s) may _____ out of range

Follow manufacturers instructions

to zero out the sensors (some are_________-zero at start-up, some are donemanually)

o Sets sensor readings back to

_________________ readings

o If unsuccessful, must re-_________

sensors

NEVER zero out the monitor in a

_________________ atmosphere



73/8473

Atmospheric Testing

Gas detectorso Initial evaluation

Test from ____________ the space

Use probes / sampling __________

oStratified testing

Gas densities _____________

Do _____ tie the monitor on a string

and lower it into the spaceoUse a unit equipped with a _____ &

sampling hose


d-2015

Atmospheric Testing

DENSITY

Air = _____

Carbon Monoxide = ____

Methane = ____

Hydrogen Sulfide = ____ See the _______ for the

density of a particular

substance



74/8474

Atmospheric Testing

Gas detectorso Must wait to give sensors

adequate ______ to warm up /

process gasses / give readings

Refer to manufacturers

recommended ________ time

o_________ by manufacturer /

sensors

oAlso affected by temperature(colder = ____________)

oMust account for sampling

hose ________ too(if applicable)


d-2015


o Test ____________

Look at oxygen (O2) reading _______

o Extremely low (or high) O2levels

affect LEL sensor, gives potentially

______________ readingo If O2readings out of range (per

manufacturer), ________ the space,

then retest

______ ensuring oxygen measures in

the acceptable range, test for LEL,

followed by toxic(s) (if any)



75/8475

Atmospheric Testing

Gas detectorso______ Conversions

LEL sensors calibrated to a

particular _________

o Example: methane or pentane

Readings will not be accurate

if measuring a _________ gas

oCalibrate with same

flammable gas as beingmeasured, if _____________

oOtherwise, refer to

___________________ LEL

conversion chart/menu option


d-2015


oAlarms

______________ settings (seemanufacturers manual)

o Oxygen & LEL usually set to alarm

at _____________ limitso Toxics _______ set to NIOSH RELs

RELs may be _____ than PELs

Alarms may be set higher than

________ OSHAs (e.g.: cal/osha)

o Never adjust alarm settings unless

______________________

o Gas reading(s) in alarm range,

affected sensor(s) reading will ____

o ___ Battery & Blocked Pump alarms



76/8476

Atmospheric Testing

Gas detectorsoPump

External (_________________)

______________________

Conduct pump-___________ daily

o_____ hose inlet / watch for alarm

Allow ______ time for air sample to

draw thru hose

Documents

Confined Spaces in Construction Notes Packet