Conflicts Over LandConflicts Over LandChapter 10, Section 4Chapter 10, Section 4

QuestionsQuestions►Why did many Americans want the Cherokee Why did many Americans want the Cherokee

removed from Georgia? What was Andrew removed from Georgia? What was Andrew Jackson’s response? Jackson’s response?

►Describe the Supreme Court ruling in Describe the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester V. Georgia: What was Andrew Worcester V. Georgia: What was Andrew Jackson’s response?Jackson’s response?

►Describe the Trail of Tears: Where were the Describe the Trail of Tears: Where were the Native Americans being relocated to?Native Americans being relocated to?

►What problems did Andrew Jackson face in What problems did Andrew Jackson face in Florida?Florida?

Moving Native AmericansMoving Native Americans► The Cherokee Indians resided in Georgia in The Cherokee Indians resided in Georgia in

the early 1800’s.the early 1800’s.► By the early 1800’s the Cherokee had their By the early 1800’s the Cherokee had their

own schools, newspaper and constitution.own schools, newspaper and constitution.► The Cherokee farmed some of Georgia’s The Cherokee farmed some of Georgia’s

richest land and in 1829 gold was discovered richest land and in 1829 gold was discovered there.there.

► Settlers, miners and speculators began Settlers, miners and speculators began trespassing on Cherokee territory in search of trespassing on Cherokee territory in search of riches.riches.

Moving Native AmericansMoving Native Americans►Many settlers wanted president Many settlers wanted president

Andrew Jackson to relocate the Native Andrew Jackson to relocate the Native Americans living in the Southeast.Americans living in the Southeast.

►Andrew Jackson, a man of the frontier, Andrew Jackson, a man of the frontier, supported the settlers demand for supported the settlers demand for Native American land.Native American land.

Indian Removal ActIndian Removal Act► In 1830 Congress passed the In 1830 Congress passed the Indian Indian

Removal Act.Removal Act. ►The United States offers to buy land The United States offers to buy land

from the Cherokee Indians. In return, from the Cherokee Indians. In return, the the Cherokee must relocate toCherokee must relocate to Indian Indian Territory (an area in present day Territory (an area in present day OklahomaOklahoma).).

The Cherokee NationThe Cherokee Nation►The Cherokee Nation refused to give up The Cherokee Nation refused to give up

their land in Georgiatheir land in Georgia..►The Cherokee sued the state of Georgia The Cherokee sued the state of Georgia

for allowing white Americans to invade for allowing white Americans to invade their land. The Case goes to the their land. The Case goes to the Supreme Court.Supreme Court.

► In In Worcester Vs. GeorgiaWorcester Vs. Georgia, Chief Justice , Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that John Marshall ruled that Georgia had no Georgia had no right to interfere with the Cherokee.right to interfere with the Cherokee.

The Cherokee Nation The Cherokee Nation ►President Jackson had supported President Jackson had supported

Georgia’s efforts to remove the Georgia’s efforts to remove the Cherokee.Cherokee.

► Jackson ignored the Supreme Court’s Jackson ignored the Supreme Court’s ruling.ruling.

““John Marshall has made his decision, John Marshall has made his decision, now let him try to enforce it.”now let him try to enforce it.”

The Trail of TearsThe Trail of Tears► In 1835 the federal government persuaded a In 1835 the federal government persuaded a

few Cherokee to give up their land. Most of few Cherokee to give up their land. Most of the 17,000 Cherokee, however, refused.the 17,000 Cherokee, however, refused.

► In 1837 President In 1837 President Andrew Jackson sent Andrew Jackson sent General Winfield Scott and 7,000 federal General Winfield Scott and 7,000 federal troops into the region to remove the troops into the region to remove the Cherokee from their land Cherokee from their land and lead them and lead them west (present day Oklahoma).west (present day Oklahoma).

►General Scott threatened to use force if the General Scott threatened to use force if the Cherokee did not comply. Cherokee did not comply.

The Trail of TearsThe Trail of Tears► The Cherokee The Cherokee knew that fighting would only knew that fighting would only

lead to their destruction.lead to their destruction.►Men, women, children and the elderly (many Men, women, children and the elderly (many

of them in chains and shackles) of them in chains and shackles) would be would be forced to walk hundreds of miles.forced to walk hundreds of miles.

► The number of Cherokee that die The number of Cherokee that die on the on the March West is debated. Government records March West is debated. Government records stated around 800. Based on eyewitness stated around 800. Based on eyewitness accounts, the number is probably closer to accounts, the number is probably closer to 4,500.4,500.

Native American ResistanceNative American Resistance►Following the Cherokee, other Native Following the Cherokee, other Native

American tribes such as the Creek, American tribes such as the Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw would be forced to give up their land would be forced to give up their land and relocate to the and relocate to the Indian TerritoryIndian Territory (Oklahoma).(Oklahoma).

►Some of these tribes put up resistance Some of these tribes put up resistance against being relocated.against being relocated.

Native American ResistanceNative American Resistance► In Florida, the Seminole chief Osceola In Florida, the Seminole chief Osceola and and

some of his people refused to leave their some of his people refused to leave their tribal land.tribal land.

► In 1835 the Seminole joined forces with a In 1835 the Seminole joined forces with a group of African Americans who had run group of African Americans who had run away to escape slavery. They away to escape slavery. They attacked attacked settlements along the Florida coast.settlements along the Florida coast.

► The Seminole War would last from 1835 to The Seminole War would last from 1835 to 1842. United States military Vs. Seminole 1842. United States military Vs. Seminole Indians. Indians.

Native American ResistanceNative American Resistance►By 1842, more than 1,500 American By 1842, more than 1,500 American

soldiers had died in the Seminole wars. soldiers had died in the Seminole wars. However, the majority of the However, the majority of the Seminoles had been captured and Seminoles had been captured and forced to move West.forced to move West.

Native AmericansNative Americans►After the majority of the Southeast After the majority of the Southeast

Native American tribes had been Native American tribes had been relocated, they began developing their relocated, they began developing their own governments, farms and schools own governments, farms and schools in present day Oklahoma.in present day Oklahoma.

►These tribes even developed their own These tribes even developed their own police force called the police force called the “Lighthorsemen”. “Lighthorsemen”.