Connecting Engineering, Science Connecting Engineering, Science & Mathematics& Mathematics

Class1

Introduction to Engineering

(For EVERY CLASS SESSION):

Please turn on and log in to your laptop BEFORE class begins.

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Info Transfer: Downloading

Plug in the thumb drive Under “My Computer” look for the new drive; open

(double click) it Look for the folder “CESM_Download_1” Copy the entire folder to your desktop

(ask for help if you need it!)

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Agenda

Administrative Introductions Survey(s) Handouts Files Syllabus Blackboard/computer use

Introduction to Engineering Introduction to this course A design experience The Process Behavior of engineering

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Introductions

Rich McNamara (Mesa) Anna Haywood Lindsley (Tempe) George Woods (Scottsdale)

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Survey

This pre-course instrument is adapted from the Pittsburgh Freshman Engineering Attitude Survey – the only Engineering education related survey with a significant data base.

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Handouts

First Day: please read in detail at your convenience

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Computer Use

We will bring thumb drives to each class with the next week’s relevant files.

You will be using your laptops in EVERY class – please bring them, have them powered up and ready to go BEFORE class begins.

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A note about work load

In order to get participants ‘doing’ engineering ASAP, THIS COURSE IS HEAVILY FRONT-LOADED – the work load will be heavy in the first few weeks: we apologize, and it WILL taper off, but our experience is that it can feel overwhelming at first.

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As we begin with the content. . .

Make sure your laptops are on, and Word processing program open; load the file IntoToEngWork.doc (alternatively, make sure you have a paper copy of the handout for recording the work in this class)

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Course Objective

Course Objective:To transfer a working knowledge of the Engineering Profession

and Engineering Design Process to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics) secondary teachers, in such a way to reinforce teachers’ concepts and skill from the first 3 Pathways courses.

As demonstration of this working knowledge, teachers will be able to incorporate engineering design concepts and practices into their disciplinary teaching in such a way as to enhance their students’ creative-problem solving and analytical problem solving skills.

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Course Objective

Our intent is not to transform you or your students into engineers

Our intent is to provide a working knowledge of the engineering approaches, heuristics, habits of mind - the ‘tools of the trade’

With thoughtful purpose, this working knowledge will allow you to incorporate engineering design into your disciplinary teaching in a manner that reinforces and enhances your students’ education.

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What do engineers do?

We are going to let you try your hand at behaving like engineers

You will work in groups of four We will give you your assignment in a

minute – but first, this is your ‘meta-assignment’:

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Your meta-assignment

While completing the group task about to be assigned, on your laptops: Make note of what you do Make note of what you think Make note of your attitudes/beliefs Make note of group process Make note of what tools/skills from your STEM

training (including Pathways courses) you utilize.

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Your Assignment

View the following clips (from Apollo 13) Use the materials provided You have 30 minutes Please record as much as possible on your work

record (IntroToEngWork.doc – INDIVIDUALLY) Construct a ‘hot air balloon’ that will lift at least

two pennies aloft for, at least 7 seconds after being filled with hot air from a heat gun.

Please capture your work!

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Reporting

(Please do not over-write your notes with notes from this reporting session!)

Describe what you did.Describe what you were thinking.How did your attitudes/beliefs affect your approaches and

thinking?What comments do you have regarding your group

processing?What tools/skills from your STEM training (including

Pathways courses) did you utilize?

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Why did we do this?

We wished to illustrate: Engineering problems are often very vaguely

defined (problem definition) There are often multiple paths to a good answer There are often multiple good answers! The available resources (time, materials,

information) are ALWAYS limited.

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This course

Although most of you can accomplish a reasonable level of design; our goal is to demonstrate how much more efficient, logical, successful is a structured process

You will learn and experience the engineering design methodology: A structured process for accomplishing engineering design.

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Engineering Defined?

The profession in which knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained

by study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to develop ways to use the materials and forces of nature for

the benefit of mankind.*

Does this differ from “mathematics” or “chemistry” or physics” or “geology? How?

*Definition of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology

Please capture your work!

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Big Picture Background

The definition is rather broad: some specifics?

IndividuallySpend 3 minutes to write down what you believe are major contributions / impacts that engineering has had (will have?) on society:

Early Society / Historical Modern Past Current Anticipated (Future)

Please capture your work!

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Engineering Impacts

Report out

Were the impacts all positive? Were the choices strongly Western-centric? Is it easy to tease out the engineering vs. the

math or chemistry or physics or biology or geology elements of the contribution/impact?

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Some of our answers

Egypt and Mesopotamia (pyramids) Engineering the Temples of Greece The Roman Roads and Aqueducts The Great Wall of China Quality of wrought iron is improved Swords are mass produced Siege towers are perfected Greeks develop manufacturing Concrete is used for arched bridges, roads and aqueducts in Rome.

Pre Christian Era

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Some of our answers

Gunpowder is perfected Cotton and silk manufactured Silk and glass industries develop First toilet is invented in England Galileo constructs a refractive telescopes Otto von Guerick first demonstrates the existence of a vacuum Issac Newton constructs first reflecting telescopes

1 – 1700 CE

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Some of our answers

Industrial Revolution begins in Europe James Watt patents his first steam engine First building made completely of cast iron built in England Machine automation is first introduced in France Railroad locomotive is designed and manufactured Single wire telegraph line is developed Reinforced concrete is first used First synthetic plastic material is created Bessemer develops process for stronger steel in mass quantities First oil well drilled in Pennsylvania Typewriter is perfected

1700 – 1875 CE

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Some of our answers

Telephone is patented in US by Alexander Graham Bell Thomas Edison invents the light bulb and the phonograph Gasoline engine developed by Gottlieb Daimler Automobile introduced by Karl Benz Wright brothers complete first sustained flight Ford develops first diesel engines in tractors First commercial flight between Paris and London John Logie Baird invents a primitive form of television First atomic bomb is used The transistor is invented

1875 – 1950 CE

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Some of our answers

Computers first introduced into the market, are common by 1960 Sputnik I (first artificial satellite) put into space by USSR First communication satellite — Telstar —is put into space The first moon landing The First supersonic flight of the Concorde Columbia space shuttle is reused for space travel First artificial heart is successfully implanted Robots travel on Mars The “Chunnel” between England and France is finished GPS is used to predict and report weather conditions, as well as,

many other consumer applications

1950 CE – present

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NAE: top 20 of 20th century

Electrification

Automobile

Airplane

Water Supply and Distribution

Electronics

Radio and Television

Agricultural Mechanization

Computers

Telephone

Air Conditioningand Refrigeration

Highways

Spacecraft

Internet

Imaging

Household Appliances

Health Technologies

Petroleum andPetrochemical Technologies

Laser and Fiber Optics

Nuclear Technologies

High-performance Materials

For information on how these were selected, go to http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=4247

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Some Motivation: Engineering and K-12 STEM education

Why might engineering be of interest in K-12 STEM education?

Some of our answers: To enhance creative problem-solving & analytical

problem solving skills in STEM education As a basis for developing an integrated learning

framework for STEM learning Other reasons we hope will be revealed during the

semester!

Please capture your work!

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What engineers do

What is the key process(es) that mathematicians engage in?

What is the key process(es) that scientists engage in?

What is the key process(es) that engineers engage in?

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Introduction to engineering design

Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs.

It includes a decision making process in which the basic sciences and mathematics and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet objectives or optimize ‘goodness’.

*again, from the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology

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A pithy quote by a famous engineer

“The scientist describes what is: the engineer creates what never was.”

Theodor von KármánBiogr. Mem. FRS 26 (1980) 110

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Scientists and engineers

Scientists seek technical answers to understand / describe / predict natural phenomenon

Engineers study technical problems with a practical application always in mind

For example: Scientists might study atomic structure to understand the

nature of matter; engineers might study atomic structure to make smaller and faster microchips

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Engineering Design

What is engineering design?Engineering design is a process that creates an artifact to meet a need.(but so is musical composition, cooking . . . ?)

Perhaps the PROCESS is what makes it unique?

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One Description of the Engineering Design Process

Needs Assessment

Problem Formulation

Abstraction and Synthesis

Analysis

Implementation

Did you perform any of these steps during YOUR exercise?

Please capture your work!

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An alternate description

Identify the Problem Define the Problem Research and gather Data Brainstorm Solutions Analyze Develop Models and Test Make the decision Communicate and Specify Implement

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What’s wrong with these?

They are too linear, too ‘neat’

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An analysis of how the process actually happens

From: “A comparison of freshman and senior engineering design processes,” C.J. Atman, J.R. Chimka, K.M. Bursic and H.L. Nachtmann, Design Studies 20 (2) 1999, pp 131-152

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STEM processes

During this course we will spend significant time on comparison of Scientific Inquiry, Mathematical Problem Solving, Engineering Design

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Burning Questions?

CESM course Coordinator: Veronica Burrows, Associate Prof. of Chemical Engineering, ASU:

480-965-4557 burrows@asu.edu

Contact with questions about course organization

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Introduction to Excel

Excel is THE work-horse spreadsheet / calculation / information tool used in business and industry.

We will use it throughout the semester, building your skills gradually.

The best advice we have: use the help menu, save often, and don’t be afraid to experiment!

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Very Basic Excel

Open Excel on your laptops In Cell A8 enter “radius (cm)” In Cell B8 enter the number 23.5 In Cell F3 enter “sphere” In Cell F4 enter “volume (cc)”

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Entering an Equation

If you know how to do this: in Cell G7, enter a formula that will calculate the volume of a sphere of the radius in Cell B8 – use a value

of of 3.1416

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Equations

Excel knows that what you’re entering is an equation when it begins with “=” !

It will calculate with numbers or with the contents of a cell (variables)

Try different values for the radius If you know how to do this: name cell B8

“radius”

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Naming cells

Naming cells makes writing equations MUCH easier!

If you put a name label on the wrong cell , , ,

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Treasure Hunt

Instead of writing 3.1416 for Pi, Excel has a function that can be used.

How might we find this?

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Excel this Semester

We will do some Excel in every class, early on, and probably through the term.

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Remainder of this session

Let’s go back to Apollo

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Engineering Design Process

Needs Assessment

Problem Formulation

Abstraction and Synthesis

Analysis

Implementation

Did you perform any of these steps during YOUR exercise?

Please capture your work!

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Remainder of this session

Review your notes from the Balloon Design activity: how did your approaches compare to behaviors in the movie? To the “engineering process” discussed.

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Submitting (Uploading)

Save your file on your desktop:

ilastname_ IntoToEngWork.doc Plug in the thumb drive Under “My Computer” look for the new drive; open

(double click) it Look for the folder “CESM_Submit_1” Copy your file to this folder

(ask for help if you need it!)

*

*your first initial followed by your last name, e.g. rmcnamara

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For next class . . .

Assignments: Assignment #1 (Use the TUTORIAL file!)

Reading Skim Chapters 1-3 in Fogler & LeBlanc

Bring to class: Your laptop