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Conscientious Design for International Audiences
ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
May 15, 2004
Melissa Weaver
May 15, 2004ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
©Melissa Weaver
The Design Process
Roles Writer Designer Programmer
Roles Design Team Production Team End-user audience
May 15, 2004ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
©Melissa Weaver
Defining “Audience”
The User The Audience
May 15, 2004ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
©Melissa Weaver
Visuals – graphics used in documents to represent ideas, actions and symbols.
Visual Communication – Presenting information graphically to communicate concepts, tasks, and metaphors.
Definitions
May 15, 2004ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
©Melissa Weaver
Overlaps
Graphic Design
Information Design
VisualCommunication
May 15, 2004ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
©Melissa Weaver
Leading Scholars
Donis Dondis Edward Tufte Jan White Jacques Bertin
May 15, 2004ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
©Melissa Weaver
Design components
Layout Format Typography Color Charts, tables, and data Icons & symbols
May 15, 2004ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
©Melissa Weaver
Design & Display
May 15, 2004ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
©Melissa Weaver
Localization
International variablesunits of measurement, time, date, and currency formats
Cultural variables socio-polictical, religious and technological
(Hoft, 1995)
May 15, 2004ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
©Melissa Weaver
Simple Designs
May 15, 2004ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
©Melissa Weaver
Trend setting
May 15, 2004ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
©Melissa Weaver
What the literature tells you
William Horton’s Color Table
May 15, 2004ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
©Melissa Weaver
Be culturally aware
“Issues in cultural diversity are vitally important to the future of human-computer interaction, they cannot be addressed by prejudicing the results with overly generalized characteristics of user populations”
(Teasley, 1994)
May 15, 2004ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
©Melissa Weaver
Using Theory
Apply processes and principles instead of following “tips”
Gestalt theory stresses treating the structure as a whole and creating cohesion throughout that appeals to basic human visual perception
consider cultural variables such as political, linguistic, and color associations throughout
(Chu, 1999)
May 15, 2004ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
©Melissa Weaver
Designing Internationally
Follow good localization practices Know your audience Uses process and team-work Test, test, test
May 15, 2004ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
©Melissa Weaver
Researching ethically
Watch out for stereotypes– Region, language, gender, age– Color, amount of text, style, shape
Test assumptions
May 15, 2004ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
©Melissa Weaver
Conclusions
To integrate visual communication into International Information Design we need to test our assumptions about cultural preferences and research design recommendations with international users.
May 15, 2004ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
©Melissa Weaver
Bibliography
Chu, Steve W. 1999 Using chopsticks and a fork together: Challenges and strategies of developing a Chinese/English Bilingual Web site. Technical Communication, 46 2, 206-219.
Fukuoka, W., Kojima, Y., and J.H. Spyridakis. 1998. Illustrations in user manuals: Preference and
effectiveness with Japanese and American readers. Technical Communication, 46, 2, 167-176. Gribbons, William and Arthur Elser. 1998 “Visualizing Information: An Overview of This Special Issue.”
Technical Communication, 45, 4, 467-472. Hoft, Nancy. 1995. Approaches to international technical communication. In International Technical
Communication. New York, New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 11-29. Horton, William. (1993.) The almost universal language: graphics for international documents. Technical
Communication, 4, 682-693. Horton, William. (1994.) Icons for International Products. In The Icon Book. New York: John Wiley & Sons,
242-267.
May 15, 2004ASIS&T PNC Annual Meeting
©Melissa Weaver
Bibliography
Keyes, Elizabeth. (1995.) “The Visual Component of Communication: Influencing Multiple Levels of Audience Response.” Proceedings of IEEE 1995: Processing Visual Information, 33-37.
Marcus, Aaron. (1996.) Icon and Symbol Design Issues for Graphical User Interfaces. In Del Galdo, Elisa and Jakob Nielson (eds.) (1996.) International User Interfaces. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Pages 257-270.
Marcus, Aaron. (1993.) “Human Communications Issues in Advanced UIs.” Communications of the ACM, 36, 3, 101-108.
Masoeu, Arcilia and Carina de Villiers. 2001. Web usability in a multicultural environment: a concern for young South African Web users? Proceedings of CHI 2001. No page numbers.
Rosenbaum, Stephanie and J.O. Bugental. (1998.) Measuring the Success of Visual Communication in User Interfaces. Technical Communications, 45, 4, 517-528.
Teasley, Barbee, Leventhal, Laura, Blumenthal, Brad, Instone, Keith, and Daryl Stone. 1994. Cultural diversity in user interface design: Are intuitions enough? SIGCHI Bulletin, 26, 1, 36-40.
