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CCES News from the Field
SHARPENING NATIONAL ACTION PLANS FOR BIODIVERSITY AND
TIGER CONSERVATION: THE EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP FORUM The very sensitive eye sight, sense of smell and
hearing of Asian elephants are essential for
tracking radio collared tigers at Pench National
Park..
April 16th – 21st, 2010
Global Tiger Initiative
Conservation and Development Network
The Global Tiger Initiative -
Conservation
Development Network
(GTI-CDN)
The GTI-CDN facilitates strategic col-laboration among national and inter-national partners, and provides con-servation leaders and policy makers with the advanced knowledge, tools, and skill sets required for implement-ing effective conservation strategies. The GTI-CDN facilitates collaboration
among stakeholders in tiger-range countries who seek to strengthen the
capacity of individuals and institu-tions focused on the conservation of wild tigers, their prey, and their natu-
ral habitats.
GTI-CDN Team Members: Chuck Lydeard,
Steve Monfort, Andrey Kushlin, Ana Tinsler,
John Seidensticker, Susan Lumpkin (back row).
Andy Oplas, Andrew Zakharenka, Adriana
Bianchi, Marian delos Angeles, CMA Medeiros,
Keshav Varma, Jennifer Sevin, Suzy Sine,
Tatiana Pacheco, Anastasia Roze (middle row).
Mahendra Shrestha, Francisco Dallmeier, He-
manta R. Mishra (kneeling).
“Integrating Biodiversity Conservation into Sustainable Development”
Thirty-seven senior officials and policymakers from Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Nepal, Russia, Thailand and Vietnam participated in the Global Tiger Initiative (GTI) - Conservation and Development Network (CDN) Executive Leadership Forum for Tiger Conservation in Washington, D.C. from April 16-21, 2010. This program is one of three capacity-building components of the GTI-CDN pilot phase:
1) The Executive Leadership Forum (ELF) designed to help career service, senior government officials and policymakers develop the necessary skills to implement practices and policies necessary to double the wild tiger population by 2022.
2) The Training of Trainers (ToT) Conservation Practitioners course designed to help conservation practitioners hone their technical skills. Part One of TOT was held in India this past March (see previous newsletters) and Part Two was held in Washington D.C., and Front Royal at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute in June.
3) An ongoing Community of Practice that fosters collaboration through
Communication, networking and collaboration are critical success factors for the Community
of Practice that brings together members of the ELF and ToT (Training of Trainers) .
2
Page 2
knowledge-sharing among participants and stakeholders.
The goals of the GTI are to stop poaching and killing of tigers, and to double the
global wild tiger population to about 7,000 tigers in 2022, the next “Year of the
Tiger.” Achieving this will require a paradigm shift in conservation policy and
practice. GTI capacity-building programs are designed to help professionals
responsible for the environment, protected areas, law enforcement, finance,
economic planning, and infrastructure, take the necessary next steps to
integrate conservation practices into sustainable development.
The ELF modules allowed participants to review, evaluate and outline lessons
learned from case studies and best regional examples for tiger, wildlife and
habitat conservation. Professionals from the Smithsonian Institution, World
THE OBJECTIVES OF THE EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP FORUM:
1. Strengthen skills in the development, implementation, monitoring and
evaluation of tiger conservation National Action Plans (NAPs) prepared for the
Year-of-the-Tiger Summit (September 2010).
2. Foster collaboration across agencies and sectors to achieve synergies and
greater impact on the ground.
3. Improve understanding of innovative approaches to mainstream
conservation and increase their use in sustainable development such as smart
green infrastructure, tiger monitoring and patrolling, habitat and prey
management aid, and financing.
4. Introduce the Conservation and Development Network as a community of
practice to provide training and professional support for conservation and
management of tiger landscapes.
Steps toward a Global Tiger Stabilization and Recovery Program
STRUCTURE OF THE EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP FORUM (ELF)
ELF participants reviewing global trade and
demand, as it relates to tiger conservation.
Victor V. Bardyuk from Russia (left) and Suresh
Chand from India discuss different national
approaches to manage tiger and human inter-
actions..
CCES News from the Field
The Smithsonian Conservation
Biology Institute
(SCBI)
is dedicated to conserving species
and habitats and training the next
generation of conservation
practitioners. SCBI efforts advance
one of the four main goals of the
Smithsonian’s new strategic plan,
“understanding and sustaining a
biodiverse planet.” SCBI staff
conduct research to aid in the
survival or recovery of species and
their habitats, and to ensure the
health and well-being of animals in
captivity and in the wild.
3
Bank, nongovernment organizations, research organizations and academic
institutions led the sessions and discussions, and were available throughout the
forum for consultations with the participants.
Some of the topics addressed by experts and working groups included: tigers,
wildlife, habitats, people, and their interlinked values; trans-boundary and cross
-sector collaboration; monitoring tiger populations and habitats; National
Action Plans for tiger conservation; aligning communities, the private sector,
and ecotourism; managing demand for wildlife products; consumer education;
awareness and communication strategies; resource gaps and sustainable
financing; resource mobilization; patrolling
and intelligence gathering; effective
interventions against poaching and illegal
trade; addressing institutional and
governance challenges; and smart green
infrastructure and land-use planning.
THE TIPPING POINT FOR WILD TIGER SURVIVAL: TIGER POPULATIONS AND WILDLIFE MONITORING
Tigers are at the tipping point in their survival as a wild species and there are
multiple, interrelated reasons for their decline. If you can’t measure it, you
can’t manage it, and regrettably, it has been difficult to assess fully the status
and trends of tiger populations across diverse tiger landscapes and how tiger
conservation programs are performing in them. The presentation by Dr. John
Seidensticker from the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute and Dr.
Mahendra Shrestha from the Save The Tiger Fund made the case that
transparent and scientifically robust monitoring systems must be put in place
if we are to successfully stabilize and grow wild tiger populations. To meet
conservation objectives – such as doubling tiger numbers in little more than a
decade – it will be necessary to understand the biological factors that
influence the current and potential numbers of tigers at any specific site.
Seidensticker and Shrestha further explained that the number of tigers is
dependent upon the availability and abundance of suitable prey populations,
which must themselves be managed.
A habitat generalist that was once widespread across Asia, the tiger is the
continent’s largest carnivore and kills large prey, such as deer, pigs and cattle,
ranging in size from 20 to 100 kg. The size of a breeding female’s territory
reflects available food resources and must be large enough to support enough
prey to feed her and her offspring until they disperse at 19 to 28 months of
age. Breeding males’ territories are even larger and can overlap those of
several females. The number of tiger prey available in various biomes across
The Center for Conservation
Education and Sustainability
(CCES)
is part of the Smithsonian Conservation
Biology Institute (SCBI) and is dedicated
to studying and understanding the
complex relationship among
biodiversity, people, and the
environment, and to train the next
generation of conservation
practitioners. CCES is implementing the
GTI-CDN with multiple national and
international partners. CCES offers
professional training and certificate
programs in conservation and has an
academic partnership with George
Mason University in conservation
studies. CCES sustainability and
conservation programs develop
innovative and strategic partnerships,
facilitate biodiversity monitoring
networks, and work with conservation
and development stakeholders to
integrate biodiversity conservation into
sustainable development.
Common illegal tiger trade pathways shown in green. Source: WWF-US
CCES News from the Field
4
The multi-
faceted
approach to
saving tigers
has a cost
that is not
well
understood.
That cost
needs to be
fully
integrated
with
regional
sustainable
develop-
ment strategies for tiger-range countries. Dr. Joe Walston from The Wildlife
Conservation Society presented the results of an extensive evaluation of the
cost of saving tigers that included 172 contributors from 28 organizations and
82 sites. The survey evaluated all the sites within the tiger range countries
where tigers remain. The survey also identified potential source sites— areas
that maintain biologically viable populations of tigers that can provide for
dispersion and expansion of tiger populations into other surrounding areas.
About 70 percent of the world’s wild tigers survive within less than 8 percent of
the remaining tiger landscapes and less than 0.7 percent of their historical
range. The current area for the source sites is estimated to be around 900,000
km2 and these areas contain an estimated 2,200 tigers. Only five source sites,
all of which are in India, have existing tiger populations close to their carrying
capacity (>85 percent). A preliminary estimate indicates that there are about
1,000 breeding-age female tigers in the wild. Many of the areas don’t have
AVOIDING THE UNTHINKABLE — THE COST OF SAVING EACH TIGER!
The TIGER Landscape as Natural CapitalBa
nk
Wat
er,
Fore
sts,
Land
,M
iner
als,
Flor
a,Fa
una
FinancialAssetor Capital(stock)
Natural Assets or Capital(stock)
InterestEarnings(flow)
Environmental Services(flow)
climate
High densities of prey are necessary to support
viable populations of tigers. Female Nilgai and
fawn in Pench National Park, India.
The tiger landscape includes natural capital in the form of environmental services pro-
vided, including water, forests, land, minerals, flora, and fauna. Source: Marian S. delos
Angeles.
the tigers’ broad geographical range varies from about 1 to 100 individuals per
km². Tigers are estimated to remove 10 percent of all available prey within
their territories each year with average kill rates of about 50 ungulates per ti-
ger, per year. Seidensticker and Shrestha explained that tiger prey populations
are depressed both within and outside protected areas throughout most of the
tigers’ remaining range and currently there are virtually no individual protected
areas large enough to support viable tiger populations over the long term. Con-
servation, management and sustainable development must address very funda-
mental questions: How can tigers live next to people? How can people live next
to tigers? And what management capacity is required to make this possible?
COORDINATORS & INSTRUCTORS
Special Guest: Deepak Bohara
Minister of Forests and Soil Conserva-
tion, Government of Nepal
Budsabong Kanchanasaka, MoNRE
Barney Long, WWF
Craig Bruce, WWF
Crawford Allan, TRAFFIC
Eric Dinerstein, WWF
Fred Bagley, USFWS
Gustavo Fonseca, GEF
James Hampton, US FWS
Joe Walston, WCS
John Robinson, WCS
John Webb, US DOJ/MIST
Judy Mills, ITC
Mahendra Shrestha, STF
Mary Melnyk, USAID
Melissa Moye, WWF
Nadim Matta, RRI
Richard Worden, IEG
Sina Odugbemi, CommGAP
CCES News from the Field
5
Bangladesh – Joynal Abedin Talukder, Joint Secretary of Development, Ministry of Environment and Forests; Isthiaq Uddin Ahmad, Deputy Chief Conservator of Forests (Planning), Department of Forest Agargaon, Dhaka; Md. Akbar Hossain, Conservator of Forests, Khulna Circle, Forest Department.
Bhutan – Phento Tshering, Chief Forest Officer, Nature Conservation Division; Norbu Wangchuk, Senior Planning Officer, Gross National Happiness Commission; Sonam Wangdi, Head, Human Wildlife Management Section, Nature Conservation Division, Department of Forest and Park Services.
Cambodia – Kry Masphal, Senior Officer, Department of Wildlife and Biodiversity; Meng Monyrak, Deputy Director, Department of National Park and Wildlife; H. E. Ouk Prachea, Undersecretary of State, Ministry of Planning; H. E. Huot Bunnary, Deputy Secretary General of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; Tauch Chan Kresna, Chief of World Bank Division, Department of Investment and Cooperation.
China - Wan Ziming, Director, Enforcement and Training Division, CITES Management Authority of China; Wang Weisheng, Director, State Forestry Administration, Department of Wildlife Conservation and Nature Reserve Management, Wildlife Conservation and Management Division; Zhang Minghai, Professor, Northeast Forestry University, College of Wildlife Resources.
India – Suresh Chand, Chief Wildlife Warden, State Government of Assam; Sundara Raju Raman, Chief Wildlife Warden, State Government of Tamil
MEET THE LEADERS
COORDINATORS & INSTRUCTORS Smithsonian Conservation
Biology Institute
Steven Monfort
Director, SCBI
Francisco Dallmeier
Director, Center for Conservation Education
and Sustainability (CCES)
John Seidensticker
Director, Conservation Ecology Center
Jennifer Sevin
Managing Director, Capacity Building and
Academic Programs, CCES
Charles Lydeard
Management Director, GTI-CDN, CCES
Ana Tinsler
Program Specialist, GTI-CDN, CCES
Suzy Sine
Management Support Specialist, GTI-CDN,
CCES
Smithsonian Office of Policy and Analysis
Carole Neves
Director, Office of Policy and Analysis
Andrew Pekarik
Program Analyst
Lance Costello
Social Science Analyst
Claire Eckert
Research Scholar
Kathleen Ernst
Social Science Analyst
Sarah Block
Researcher
Benjamin Wilson
Research Intern
National Zoological Park’s
Office of Communications
Pamela Baker-Masson
Associate Director, Communications
Jodi Legge
Deputy Associate Director, Communications
Lindsay Renick Mayer
Public Affairs Specialist
CCES News from the Field
sufficient tiger populations to remain viable over the long term. The total
overall cost of managing, protecting and intensively monitoring these sites is
about US $90 million. A great portion of these resources is already committed
by the tiger-range country governments. The good news is that if all source
sites reach their potential carrying capacities, their collective tiger population
would more than double.
6
Nadu; Ramesh Narain Mehrotra, Chief Wildlife Warden, State Government of Rajasthan.
Indonesia – Harry Santoso, Director of Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Forestry, Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation; Siti Chadidjah Kaniawati, Deputy Director for Species Conservation, Ministry of Forestry, Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation.
Lao PDR – Bouaphanh Phanthavong, Director, Department of Forestry,
Division of Forest Resource Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry;
Bounthanh Philachanh, Director, Department of Forest Inspection, Division of
Aquatic and Wildlife Inspection, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry;
Vilaysone Sourigna, Director, Department of Energy Promotion and Develop-
ment, Ministry of Energy and Mines; Khamphanh Nanthavong, Deputy
Director General, Department of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture and Foestry.
Malaysia – Dato’ Abd Rasid Samsudin, Director General, Department of
Wildlife and National Parks; Sivananthan T. Elagupillay, Director, Department
of Wildlife and National Parks; Rahman Yusof, Principal Assistant Secretary,
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
Nepal – Shyam Sundar Bajimaya, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Forests and Soil
Conservation; Megh Bahadur Pandey, Deputy Director General, Department of
National Parks and Wildlife Conservation; Babu Krishna Karki, Colonel, Nepal
Army, Ministry of Defense; Prakash Kunwar, AIG Police, Nepal Police, Home
Ministry; Kailash Pokharel, Under Secretary, Foreign Aid Coordination Division,
Ministry of Finance; Aditya Bahadur Shah, General, National Park Protection
Division; Nepal Army.
Russia – Victor V. Bardyuk, Director, Environment Protection Department of
Khabarovsk Territory, Government Ministry of Natural Resources.
Thailand – Ronasit Maneesai, Senior Forester, Department of National Parks,
Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment; Budsabong Kanchanasaka, Senior Wildlife Biologist, Department
of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment.
Vietnam – Nguyen The Dong, Deputy Director General, Vietnam Administra-
tion/MONRE; Le Xuan Canh, Director, Institute for Ecology and Biological
Resources.
COORDINATORS & INSTRUCTORS The World Bank and
The World Bank Institute
Sanjay Pradhan WBI Vice President Keshav Varma GTI Program Director Andrey Kushlin GTI Program Coordinator Priya Basu GTI Finance Division Adriana Bianchi Institutions Development Specialist Jose Edgardo Campos Senior Advisor Richard Damania Lead Economist Marian S. delos Angeles Senior Economist Johannes Keiss Economist Bruno Laporte Director, Thematic Knowledge and Learning Andy Oplas Communication Specialist Andrew Pekarik Wildlife Specialist Juan Quintero Lead Environmental Specialist John Roome Director, Sustainable Development Claudia Sobrevila Senior Environmental Specialist Anand Seth GTI Senior Advisor Richard Worden Senior Environmental Specialist Andrew Zakharenka GTI Wildlife Governance Specialist
Tiger pugmark on display at the Interpretive
Center, located in India’s Khana National Park.
Photo by Jennifer Sevin.
CCES News from the Field
Visit www.globaltigerinitiative.org often for new updates and information. Photo Credits: Francisco Dallmeier (unless otherwise stated).