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Consortium Approach for Building
Digital Libraries
Moving towards a National Consortium
by
Dr. Jagdish AroraLibrarian, IIT Delhi &
National Coordinator, INDEST Consortium
http://paniitd.iitd.ac.in/indest/[email protected]
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
This presentation includes:
Consortium: Players
INDEST Consortium: Basic Model
Consortium Services
Important Characteristics of Successful Consortium
Centrally-funded Consortium: Associated Problems
Strategic Implementation Issues
Digital Collection Development amongst Member Libraries
Proposal for a National Consortium in India
Conclusion
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
LibrariesGreater bargaining powerCost SavingsAdditional Purchase power
ConsortiumWin-Win Situation
PublishersSingle-point negotiationGreater market + ExpansionConsolidated ordering, payment &renewal
UsersConvenient accessMore Resources
VendorsNew Role, New avenuesto increase theirincreased revenue
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
INDEST Consortium: Basic Model
The MHRD provides funds to the INDEST consortium:
• For subscription to electronic resources for institutes funded by it; and
• For operational cost of the Consortium.
Open-ended Consortium: Self- subscribing institutions + Member institutions
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
INDEST Consortium: Members
Members
Core Members38 (Funds for e-resources through MHRD)
Members with AICTE Support 60
Self-supported Members27
Total 125
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
E-Resources being Subscribed under the consortium
Full-text Resources
IEL Online
Elsevier’s ScienceDirect + Academic Press’ Ideal
Springer’s: Link
ABI / Inform
Proquest’s Science
ACM Digital Library
Databases
Compendex +
INSPEC
SciFinder Scholar
MathSciNet
Web of Science
JCCC
Jgate
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Additional Resources for INDEST Consortium (2004)
– New Resources for 2004
– Science
– Nature
– EBSCO Business Source Premier
– Emerald Full-text
– Science Direct for IIMs
– Euromonitor (GMID)
– Capitaline
– JCCC (for IIMs)
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Transforming Consortium
Loose Federations and
Buying Clubs
Centrally OrganizedService Delivery
Organizations
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Consortium Services
E-resources purchasing
Resources sharing
JCCC@INDEST
Educational programs: Training of users / training the trainees
Training programmes (decentralized: All IITs / IISc to organize training programmes at various levels)
Annual Meet
Theme Conference
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Consortium Services
Technology support to member institutions
Computerization, Digitization
Shared technology systems
Federated Search Application Service Provider (ASP) Union Catalogue
Joint storage facilities
Journal Archives Backfiles
Shared core collections
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Consortium Services
Shared digital library project development (INDEST Extended)
Electronic Theses and Dissertation (ETD)
Union Catalogue of Journals
Union Catalogue of Books (LibSys Z39.50 Architecture)
Shared E-reference / Live Reference Service
Library of Congress Collaborative Digital Reference Service (http://www.loc.gov/rr/digref/cdrshome.html)
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Important characteristics of successful consortium Sustenance and Continuity
MHRD and AICTE is committed to provide sustained support, separate budget head created
Agile
Active support from members, ministry and headquartersResources based on Usage
Collaborative Working: Active Contributing Members
Creative and innovative organization
Head-quarters at the IIT DelhiNational Steering Committee National Review CommitteeSpecial Interest Groups
Valuable programs and services
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Important characteristics of successful consortium
Committed membership
Core Members (38)
AICTE-Supported Members (60)
Self-supported Members (27)
Clear Funding and Ownership
Strong Leadership / Governance
Agreed Management strategy
Adequate staffing
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Important characteristics of successful consortium
Continuous communication
At Consortium level
INDEST Mailing List
INDEST Web Site
Workshops / Annual Meet
Usage Statistics
JCCC
Online Questionnaire to coax institutions to take action
At Institutional level
User Convention
User Group
Training Programme at Institutions by vendors
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Important characteristics of successful consortium
Shared Vision
User’s Involvement in the Process of Resource Selection
Larger Spread of Consortium to attract interest of the publisher
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Centrally-funded Consortium: Associated Problems
Centrally-funded Consortium: INDEST / CSIR / DAE-Science Direct / INFLIBNET- INFONET
Associated problems: Strategic Implementation Issues
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Strategic Implementation Issues
Usage Monitoring
Most resources have web-based interfaces to view the usage statistics
Usage Statistics are mailed to member institutions by the Consortium
Questionnaire to coax institutions to take action
Resources based on Usage
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Strategic Implementation Issues
Regional Coordinators
Copyright and IPR Issue
E-Resources are licensed, not purchased
IPR issues have different implications in electronic environment
Reliability of Connectivity
All institutions are getting funds to increase their connectivity and bandwidth
Categorization of Institutions based on usage
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Strategic Implementation Issues
Training of Users
Training of Trainers
Archival Access / back-up
Perpetual access from publishers site (Science Direct)
Local Host (ACM Digital Library)
CDs / DVDs (with search interface along with Web Access)
Passive back-up on CDs (Most publishers)
Active back-up on Intranet Servers / Consortium Web
Servers with Search Software (JCCC)
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Proposal for a National Consortium in India
Logic
Educational and research in India are mostly funded by the Government;
Most educational / research institutions fall under 10 –12 ministries;
Larger number of Consortium members will bring greater bargaining power to the consortium and greater benefits to members.
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Proposal for a National Consortium in India
Strategy
Ministries / Departments forms committees / sub-committees representing all Departments to:
Expanding on existing resources of INDEST and UGC-INFONET, identify additional resources of common interest;
Negotiate with the publishers for the best rates of subscription and terms of reference with committee representing all departments;
Expand structure of INDEST Consortium to function as a national Consortium;
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Strategy (Continue)Provide financial resources for:
Ensure availability of sufficient bandwidth and network connections to all participating institutions;
Establishing fibre optic-based high speed Campus LAN in each of the networked institutions (if the infrastructure does not exist);
Establishing physical and computer infrastructure for the consortium. The INDEST consortium can be expanded to function as national consortium;
Provide funds for subscription to core electronic resources that would be used by the institutions under a given ministry;
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Strategy (Continue)Consortia-based subscription to electronic resources not included in core subscription will be borne from participating institutions;
Amount involved in consortia-based subscription to electronic resources would be diverted directly from funding agency to the National Consortium.
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
INDEST National Consortium
MHRD38 Core INDEST
Members
AICTE(60 institutions)
Other Ministries
Other Institutions
(self-support)
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Digital Library
Content Creation“Bon Digital”
Portal SitesConversion
Print to DigitalIntegrated
Access
Buying AccessE-Resources
AcquiringDigital Media
Content Creation“Born Digital”
Building Digital Library
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Acquisition of Collections available in Digital Formats
CD ROM / DVD ROM Databases
Indian Standards / ASTM Standards
Local Hosting: ACM Digital Library
Mirror Servers: UGC Infornet
Silver Platter’s ERL Technology: Silver Linker
Networked CD ROM: Caching CD ROM Contents on Intranet
Server
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Buying Access to External Digital Collections
Buying Access: Electronic Journals (6,000+)
Online Databases
Already being practiced through the INDEST Consortium
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Creating Open-source Digital Collection (“Born Digital”)
Internet-based digital depositories of quality scholarly publications;
Interoperable, open-access content repositories distributed across institutions;
– Electronic Theses and Dissertations: Implemented at IIT Bombay and IIT Kanpur
– Preprint Servers for the Consortium
OAI-complaint software to ensure interoperability of digital collections
OAI-complaint software: D-Space, E-print Archives, CDSWare, etc. being tested
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Develop templates using standard formats such as Dublin Core / MARC for creating records in e-
print archives
Develop detailed guidelines to set-up and implement e-print archives at each institution;
Institutions in Consortium would be encouraged to set-up e-print archive servers
INDEST Headquarters to develop and set-up data harvesting server for harvesting metadata from multiple institutional depositories
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Conversion of Existing Print Media into Digital Format
Collaborative scanning of printed material across all consortium members (specially IITs and IISc)
Adopt standards / protocols / procedures for scanning of material
IPR issues
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Portal Sites or Gateways to the Electronic Resources
Catalogue Internet resources in a collaborative mode
Pathfinders for electronic resources available on the Internet
Standards format (like Dublin Core) and a public-domain software can be used for setting up the such a site
Project CORC: Collaborative Efforts towards Cataloguing Internet Resources
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Providing Integrated Access to Resources
Science Direct
EBSCO Wiley Link
ABI / INFORM
LibraryUser
Library OPAC
In-house Digitizedmaterial
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Local set of links to full text resources proves inefficient & difficult to maintain
Integration at resource level (not article level)
Search Options for journal Titles through Library OPAC or through Independent Search interface
Search option at article level is not available
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Bibliographic Databases as Tools of Integration
Bibliographic databases offer an opportunity for integrated access and cross- searching of multiple digital repositories
Bibliographic databases provide links to full-text resources
Limitations
Time lags in coverage of resourcesTime-lag in providing links to full-text resourcesLack “browse” facilitysubject-specific coverageProblems of “Appropriate copy (full text)”
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Integrated Search
Interface
E-Books
Databases
Full text resources
Library services
Web pages
An Integrated Search Interface for All Resources
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Technologies and Solution for Cross Searching of Digital Repositories
Metadata harvesting approach
The bibliographic data is harvested which is used for building advanced services without relying on real-time interactive access to the remote digital repositories.
Web search engines are based on harvesting and keyword searching.
Open Archives Initiatives (OAI)
The JCCC and J-Gate also use metadata-harvesting approach
Keyword searching works well for the heterogeneous unstructured data sources. However, it fails to exploit the benefits of structured metadata that most full-text resources and bibliographic databases offer
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Technologies and Solution for Cross Searching of Digital Repositories
Cross-searching of multiple heterogeneous digital repositories
Distributed searching approach
Provides direct, real-time access to information sources on the web without resorting to crawling or replicating or harvesting metadata;
While hosting and crawling large quantities of data are expensive, difficult and frequently incomplete, distributed searching approach provides direct, real-time access to digital repositories on the web without crawling or replicating data.
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Technologies and Solution for Cross Searching of Digital Repositories
A number of commercial products and services are now available that offer cross-searching and linking possibilities based on distributed searching. Some of the important ones are:
Virtual Document eXchange (VDX) (http://www.fdusa.com/products/vdx.html)
Metalib and SFX (Ex-Libris, based Open URL Technology)
WebExpress / iPort (OCLIC)
Digbib (North Rhine Westphalia and Axion)
MALIBU
Endeavour (Elsevier Science)
Science Server (http://www.scienceserver.com/)
Webfeat (www.webfeat.com)
IWA Portal RevCom (ww.iwapps.com)
Intelliseek
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
ConclusionConsortia Should Work Together
for same resources; Benefit of number; andConsortium extend should be large enough to attract publishers;
Increased cooperation, coordination and collaboration amongst beneficiary institutions and Government agencies;
Increased inter-institutional cooperation including inter-library loan;
Involvement of end-users in selection of e-resources;
Providing e-resources to Scientists in not a goal in-itself;
The goal is to increase productivity of scientific and research output both in quantity and quality; and
Trigger stronger research and academic culture in member institutions.
27 Feb., 2004 ICDL 2004
Conclusion
Digital Library is a collaborative enterprise
“War is too important a matter to be left to the generals.”
Georges Clemenceau