Constance. 1949. the South American Species of Arracacia

7/28/2019 Constance. 1949. the South American Species of Arracacia

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Torrey Botanical Society

The South American Species of Arracacia (Umbelliferae) and some Related GeneraAuthor(s): Lincoln ConstanceSource: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. 76, No. 1 (Jan. - Feb., 1949), pp. 39-52Published by: Torrey Botanical SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2481888 .

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BULLETIN OF THE TOIRIREY BOTANICAL CLUBVOL. 76, No. 1, pp. 39-52 JANUARY, 1949

THE SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ARRACACIA(UMBELLIFERAE) AND SOMERELATED GENERALINCOLN CONSTANCE

In our revisionary tudyof NorthAmericanUmbelliferae 1944-45),Dr. MildredE. Mathias and I regardedArracacia Bancroft,with twenty-fourspecies, s the fourth argestgenusof thefamily n thecontinent, x-ceeded onlyby LomatiumRaf., with seventy-eightpecies,Eryngium L.,with sixty-four, nd Cymoptermtsaf., with thirty-two. he combinedrangesof thespeciesof Arracacia extendprettywell overthe mountainousregions f Mexicoand Guatemala, nd one reachesCosta Rica and Panama.For severalyears,Mr. EllsworthP. Killip, Curatorof the DepartmentofBotanyofthe UnitedStatesNationalMuseum,has beenurginga studyof theSouthAmericanrepresentativesf this group. n additionto the twoproperlyreferred lassical species,Arracacia xanthorrhiza. ancroft (A.esculenta, C.) and A. moschata (H.B.K.) DC., in the year 1908 BrittondescribedA. andina fromBoliva and WolffdescribedA. elata, A. incisa,and Velaea peruviana,fromWeberbauer's Peruvian collections.Finally,Rose attachedno less than eightdifferentnpublishednames to variousher-bariumcollections. wo of Wolff's peciesweredelineated n the absenceofmaturefruit, nd therehas been a good deal of confusion n applyinghisbinomials.Despite the apse offorty earssinceWolff's nd Britton'sconcernwiththegenus, hematerial t hand is stillmuch toomeagreto permit nythingbetter han a strictly pioneer" classification.Many of the collections reimmature r lack significanttructures;others re notreadily referable oanydescribed ntitybut are scarcely dequate for the typificationf a newone,althoughWolffwould almostcertainlyhave differedwithme in thisview. shouldbe surprised f theacquisitionof additionalmaterialdid notnecessitate a thoroughreappraisal of the admittedlytentative schemeoffered elow. thinkwe mustrecognize, owever, he necessity f different"levels" of taxonomicwork,and be prepared to construct he best treat-mentpossiblewiththe nformationt hand. The person nterestedn floris-tic considerationswill not be helped if the "specialist" refusesto preparea classificationf any groupuntil he has sufficientata at his disposal tomake, et us say,statistical nalysesand cytogeneticalnvestigations,muchas he mightwish to employ these tools. The appearance of a provisionaltreatmenthouldafford working asis forthetaxonomistn needof usable

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40 BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB [ VOL. 76keysand suitablenames for his plants, and at the same time call attentionto theutilityoffurther ollecting y those n a positionto do it.With considerablemisgivings, hen,but no apology,the followingpro-visionalkey is offered o the species ofArracacia in South America,withsupplementary otes on certaingenerawhichhave been in one way or an-otherconfusedwiththem.I am greatly ndebted to those n chargeof the followingherbaria forthe opportunity f seeing pertinent pecimens: Chicago Natural HistoryMuseum F) ; GrayHerbarium,HarvardUniversityGH) ; MissouriBotan-ical Garden (MO) ; New YorkBotanical Garden (NY) ; Uniiversityf Cali-fornia UC); United StatesNational Museum (US).

ARRACACIA Bancroft,Trans. Agr. Hort. Soc. Jamaica 1825: 3. 1825.Arracacha DC. Bibl. Univ. Sci. & Arts 40: 78. 1829.Velaea DC. Coll. Mem.5: 61. 1829.Vellea D. Dietr.; Steud. Nom.Bot. ed. 2. 2: 746. 1841.Stout or slender, erect, herbaceous or somewhatwoody, cauleseent,branchingor simple, glabrous to pubescentperennials,fromtaprootsortubers.Leaves petiolate,once to several times ternate,pinnate, or ternate-pinnate,the leafletsor ultimatedivisionsvarious. Petioles sheathing. n-floreseeneef looseto somewhat ompactcompoundumbels; pedunclester-minaland lateral, or rarely onlyterminal, ccasionally ome umbelssessile.Involuerewanting rvestigial. nvolucel offew short o long, narrowbract-lets,shorter o longerthanthefruitorwanting.Fertile rays few to nuLmer-ous,spreading-ascendingodivaricate nd reflexed. lowers white, reenish-yellow,greenish, eddish-brownr maroon,or purple; petals oblanceolateto obovatewitha narrower nflexed pex; calyx teethobsolete; styles hortto long,erectto spreadingor reflexed, hestylopodium onicand conspicu-ous to depressed nd indistinct.Carpophore2-cleft o thebase or only bifidat theapex, flator terete.Fruit lanceolate or oblong to ovoid, usually nar-rowed t theapex,flattenedaterally, labrousorpubeseent; ribsprominent,acute toobtuse, r filiformnd indistinct; il tubessolitary oseveral n theintervals, -severalon thecommissure; eed subterete n cross section, ftenchanneledunderthetubes, heface suleate or concave.Type species: Arracacia.xanthorrhiza. ancroft.

ArtificialKey to the SpeciesLeaves 1-2-terliate or -pilnliateor -terliate-piniiate; eaflets laliceolate toovate withserrate or delntate nd usually incised or lobed margins, andwithouta prominentcallus point; ilnvolucel vident; rays and pedicelsunwebbed.Leaflets spinul:ose-serrate; tylopodiumnonlic; carpophorebifid about I itslelngth; fruittapering at apex.Foliage essentiallyglabrous; flowersgreenislh-yellowo white; pedicels4-6 mm.long.Mericarp ribs obtuse; oil tubes all about the same size.Feltile rays 4-8; pedicels 4-6 mm. long; mericarp ribs verythickand corky,the intervals broad and shallow; oil tubes large,?olitnry n the intervals. 1. A. Pennellii.



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1949] CONSTANCE: ARRACACIA 41Fertile rays 6-15; pedicels 5-8 mm. lonlg; mericarpribs thin, theilntervalsharply V-shaped; oil tubes very small and ilndistinct,forminga cointinousayer between seed alnd pericarp. 2. A. elata.Mericarp ribs acute; oil tubes of two sizes. 3. A. Wigginsii.Foliage squamulose; flowersusually marooll; pedicels 10-30 mm.long.4. A. moschata.Leaflets variously serrate to incised or lobed, but lnot spillulose-serrate;stylopodiumdepressed; carpophore2-cleftto the base (unklnownnA. peruviana); fruit blunt at apex.Rays 4-8 cm. loiig; bractlets linear, herbaceous,exceeding the reddish-brownflowers. 5. A. peruviana.Rays 1-4 cm. long; bractletsbroad anidsearious, or linear and shorterthani he purple or greenishflowers.Bractletssearious or searious-marginied,anceolate to obovate.Bractlets 4-8, obovate to lanceolate, searious, 5-10 mm. long, ex-ceeding the flowers;mericarp ribs very prominent nd corky;oil tubes small, 2-3 in the intervals. 6. A. incisa.Bractlets 3-6, ovate-acumilnate, arrowly searious-margined,2-6mm. ong, shorter han the flowers;mericarpribs filiform;oiltubes large, solitary n the intervals. 7. A. equatorialis.Bractlets herbaceous, inear.Plants 5-12 dm. high; fruit (immature) oblong, 10 mm. long, 2-3mm. broad, constrictedbelow apex; oil tubes solitary in theintervals. 8. A. xanthorrhiza.Plants 3-4 dm. high; fruit ovoid, 6-7 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad,

not constricted;oil tubes 2-3 in the intervals. 9. A. andina.Leaves ternatelydecompound,the divisions oblong-linear to filiformwithentiremargins (in ourmaterial) and a prominent allus point; involucelwanting (or vestigial); rays and pedicelswebbed. 10. A. toltucensis ar. mdltifida.1. Arracacia Pennellii Constance, p. nov.Herba crassa suffruteseensauleseensglaucescensglabra,6-36 dm. alta;folia in ambituovato-triangularia,.8-2 dm. longa,ternatadeinde 1-2-pin-nata, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis vatisve,ad apicem acutis vel acuminatis,ad basin culneatis otundatisve, -5 cm. longis, 1-2 cm. latis, spinuloso-serratis d basin lobatis; petioli 1.5-2 dm. longi,ad basin vaginates; foliacaulina foliis basilaribus similia, vaginis inflatis; infloreseentia amosa,

pedunculisalternisvel terminalibus, -25 cm.longis; involueellibracteolae5-9, lineari-lanceolatae, naequales, 2-10 mm. longae; radii fertiles4-8gracilespatenti-adscendentes-7 cm. longi; pedicelli fertiles -6, 4-5 mm.longi; fioresflavido-virideslbive, petalis obovatis; stylopodium onicum,stylisgracilibus; carpophorum ifidum, igidum; fructusovoideus,5 mm.longus,3-4 mm. latus, costis prominentibus btusis suberosis,pericarposuberoso, alleculis latibus brevibusque; vittae magnae solitariae in valle-culis, 4 in commissuris; emina sub valleculis canaliculata facie suleata.Coarse, suffruteseent,ranching,cauleseent, glaucous herb, 6-36 dm.high, the foliage essentiallyglabrous; leaves triangular-ovate, .8-2 dm.long, ternate-1-2-pinnate,he leaflets ovate-lanceolate o ovate, acute oracuminate, uneateto roulnded t base, the ower distinct nd short-petiolu-late, theupper sessileand confluent,-5 cm. ong, 1-2 cm. broad,spinulose-serrate nd usually obed towardthebase, the ower urfacepaler,glabrous,and reticulate, squamulose tufton theupper side of thesuleate rachisatthebase of thelargerleaflets;petioles 1.5-2 dm. long,narrowly heathing



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42 BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB [VOL. 76at base; cauline leaves mostlywithwholly heathing nd inflated etioles;infloreseencebranching, the peduncles arising terminally and axially6-25 cm. ong, squamuloseat apex; involuereof1-4 sheath-likemembrana-ceousbracts,orwanting; nvolucelof 5-9 unequal, linear-lanceolate,ntireor trifid ractlets -10 mm. ong,the longerabout equaling theflowers utshorter han the fruit; fertilerays 4-8, slender,spreading-ascending, -7cm. ong, caberulous t apex; fertilepedicels 2-6, spreadinlg,-5 mm. ong,scaberulous; flowers reenish-yellowo white,the petals obovate; stylopo-dium conic,the stylesslender,erect to reflexed;carpophorebifidabout 4,rigid; fruitovoid, 5 mm. ong, 3-4 mm. broad,tapering at apex, glabrous,the ribs very prominent nd corky, btuse,forming corkycoveringoverthe entire pericarp; oil tubes large,solitary n the very shallowintervals,4 on the commissure; eed deeplychanneled under the intervals, he facesuleate.TYPE: Moist rockycafion, lt. 2700-2800 m., Rio San Francisco,aboveBogot'a,Dept. Cundinamarea,Colomnbia,3 September1917,F. W. Pennell1932 (NY: type).

Specimens examined: COLOMBIA. CUNDINAMARCA: Rio San Franicisco,above Bogota,13-IX-17, Pennell 1932 (NY-type, GH, US); Macizo de Bogot'a, Quebrada del Rosal,3000 m., 29-VI-39, Cuatrecasas 5700 (US). NORTE DE SANTANDER: Between Mutiscusand Pamplona, 3400 m., 23-II-27, Killip & Smith 19,728 (GH, NY, US). SANTANDER:CordilleraOriental, paramo de Santurban, entre Cuesta Boba y el extremooeste, 3400 m.,27-VII-40, Cuatrecasas & Barriga 10,314 (US); Paramo de Romeral, 3800-4100 m.,29,30-I-27, Killip & Smith 18,541 (GH, NY, US); vicinity of Vetas, thickets alongstreams,3100-3200 m., 16-VI-27, Killip & Smith 17,347 (GH, MO, NY, US) ; Quebradade Pais, northof La Baja, dense forest, a. 3200 m., 31-1-27, Killip & Smith18,781 (GH,MO, NY, US).

This species is verysimilar n general aspect to the next,but its fewerrays,predominantlyhorter edicels, nd strikingly issimilar ruit ection,set it well apart. Withno collections vailable to connect he widely sepa-rate rangesof the twoentities, t seemsadvisableto regard them s distinctspecies.2. ARRACACIA ELATA Wolff,Bot. Jahrb.40: 304. 1908.Stout,clambering, auleseent,branching, p to 4.5 m. high,thefoliageessentiallyglabrous; leaves ovate, 1-3 dm. long, ternate-1-2-pinnate,heleaflets anceolate to ovate,acute or acuminate,cuneate to rounded at thebase,the owerdistinct nd short-petiolulate,heupper sessileand confluent,3-6 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, sharply spinulose-serratend oftenincisedtoward the base, the lower surfacepaler and glabrous, trongly eticulate,a squamulosetuft on theupper side of the suleate rachis at the base of thelarger leaflets; petioles 15-45 cm. long, their lower 3 broadly sheathing;caulineleaves similar, heuppermostwithpetioleswholly heathing nd in-flated; infloreseence ranching, he peduncles arising axially, 10-25 cm.long, squamulose at apex; involuerewanting,or occasionallyof a singleleaf sheath; involueelof 8-10 linearto lanceolate,entireor few-toothedn-equal bractlets3-15 mm. ong, thelongerexceeding he flowers ut shorterthan thefruit;fertile ays 6-15, slender, preading-aseending,-6 cm. ong;scaberulousat apex; fertilepedicels 3-8, spreading,5-8 mm. ong; flowersgreenish, he petals oval; stylopodium onic, the styles slender,recurved;carpophorebifid bout 1 its length,rigid; fruitovoid,5 mm. ong,3 mm.



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1949] CONSTANCE: ARRACACIA 43broad,glabrous, he ribsprominent,btuse,with narrow sharplyV-shapedintervals;oil tubesverysmall and indistinct, orming continuous ayerbetween eed and pericarp; seed deeplychanneledunder the intervals, hefacesuleate.TYPE: "Peru: Dep. Amazonas, a Chachapoyosorientemversus; interTamboVentillas et Piscohuafiuma,n graminosis,n 3300 m. altitudinis,"VWeberbauer423.

Specimens examined: PERU. AMAZONAS: "a Chachapoyos orientemversus; interTambo Ventillas et Piscohuafiuma,'' 3000 m., VII-04, Weberbawer4423 (type photos:F, GH, UC, US). HUANUCO: Tambo de Vaca, ca. 12,000 feet, 10,24-VI-23, Macbride4456 (F, US). AYACUCHO: Choimacota Valley, 3000 m., 28-1I, 10-111-26, Weberbauer7584 (F, GH, US).The last collection itedhas good,maturefruit,permittinghe emenda-tionofWolff'sdescription,whichwas based upon immature nes.The closeresemblance f this species to the foregoing as beenmentioned bove.3. Arracacia Wigginsii Constance, p. nov.Herba crassa suffruteseensauleseens glabra, 2-3 m. alta; folia basaliaincognita;foliacaulina mnaioran ambitu vato-triangularia,-1.5 dm. onga,ternata deinde 1-2-pinnata, foliolis lanceolatis ovato-lanceolatisve, dapicemacuminatis, d basin cuneatisrotundatisve, -5 cm. ongis,0.8-2 em.latis, spinuloso-serratisd basin lobatis; petioli 1-2 dm. longi, ad basinanguste vaginantes; folia caulina superiora similia, petiolo ad laminamn

vaginato; infloreseentia amosa, pedunculis terminalibusaxillaribusque,10-16 cm. ongis,apice squamuloso; involueellibracteolae3-6, linearesob-lanceolataeve inaequales, 2-10 cm. longae; radii fertiles 10-15 gracilespatenti-adscendentes.5-7 cm. longi; pedicelli fertiles3-8, 4-6 mm. ongi;floresflavido-virideslbive, petalis obovatis; stylopodium onicum,stylisgracilibus; carpophorumbifidum,rigidum; fructus ovoideus oblong(o-ovoideusve, -8 mm. ongus,3-3.5 mm. latus, costisacutis prominentibus;vittae vel minimaeobscuraeque stratum continuuminter pericarpiumetsemenformantes el magnitudine ntermediae lerumquesolitariae n val-leculisomnibusvel aliquis, 2-4 in commissuris; eminasub valleculis cana-liculata facie suleata.Coarse, suffruteseent,ranching,cauleseent,2-3 m. high, the foliageessentiallyglabrous; basal leaves unknown, he larger cauline leaves tri-angular-ovate, -1.5 dm. long, ternate-1-2-pinnate,heleaflets anceolatetoovate-lanceolate, cute or acuminate, uneateto roundedat base, the lowerdistinct nd short-petiolulate,heupper sessileand confluent,-5 em. long,0.8.2cm.broad, pinulose-serratend often obed towardthebase,the owersurfacepaler,glabrous, nd reticulate, squamulosetufton theupper sideofthe suleaterachis at thebase ofthe larger eaflets;petioles1-2 dm. long,narrowlysheathing below; petioles of the upper cauline leaves whollysheathing nd inflated; nfloreseenceranching, he peduncles arisingter-minally nd axially,10-16cm. ong, squamulose t apex; involuerewanting,or ofreduced eaf sheaths; nvolueelof 3-6 unequal, linearto oblanceolate,entire or trifidbractlets 2-10 mm. long, the longer about equaling theflowers ut shorter han the fruit; fertilerays 10-15, slender, spreading-ascending, .5-7 cm. long,scaberulous;fertilepedicels 3-8, spreading,4-6mm. ong, caberulous;flowersgreenishyellow onearlywhite,"thepetalsobovate; stylopodiumonlie, hestyles lenider,rectto reflexed; arpophore



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44 BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB [V'OL. 76bifid bout 1 its length,rigid; fruit ovoid to oblong-ovoid,-8 i1in. long,3-3.5 mm.broad,the ribs prominent,cute; oil tubesof two sizes: (1) verysmall and indistinct, orming continous ayerbetween eed and pericarp,and (2) vittaeof intermediate ize, usually solitary n some or each of theintervals, -4 on the commissure; eed channeledunder the intervals, hefacesuleate.TYPE: Along Pan-AmericanHighway 40 km. south of Cueniea,10,900feet, Azuay Prov., Ecuador, 20 September1944, Ira L. Wiggilns10,769(UC 708,757: type).

Specimens examined: ECUADOR. AfAR: Vicinity of Caniar,15-IX-18, Rose Rose22, 715 (NY, US). AZUAY: 40 km. south of Cuenca, Wiggins 10,769 (UC type); "Mt.Pillshum, 12,000 feet, Jameson24 (GHi).The fruits f the Rose & Rose collection, lthough ess maturethanthoseof thetype, re markedly onger n proportion o theirw-idth,ut no othersignificant ifferencen structurehas been detected.This species is verysimilar to the two foregoing n general aspect and it is, again, the fruitwhich affords he principal basis for its separation. The peculiar dimor-phism of the oil tubes suggestsa blend of the kinds of vittae found in A.Pennellii and A. elata, but scarcelypermits heseEcuadorean specimnensobe mergedwitheither he Colombianor the Peruvian species.4. ARRACACIAMOSCHATA (H.B.K.) DC. Prodr.4: 244. 1830.Conitmmoschatum .B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 12,pl. 430. 1821.Stout,, lambering, auleseent,branching, p to 1.5 m. high,the foliagesquamulose; leaves ovate, 1.5-3 dm. long, bipinnate or ternate-pinnate,the leafletsovate-oblong o ovate, acute, cuneate or roulided at base, thelower distinct nd short-petiolulate,he upper sessileand confluenit,-5 cm.long, 1-3 cm. broad, sharply spinulose-serratend ineised or pinnlatifid,squamulose on the larger veins on the upper surface, the lower surfacepaler, glabrousand reticulate, squamulose tufton the upper side of tnesuleate rachis at the base of the larger leaflets; petioles 10-20 cm. long,usually broadly sheathing; cauline leaves with petioles whollysheathinganid nflated; nfloreseenceraliching, he pedulieles arising axially, 1.5-3dm. ong, quamuloseat apex; involuere f reduced eaf sheaths rwanting;involueel f 3-8 linear to anceolate, ntire r few-toothedractlets -15 mm.long,the ongerexceeding heflowers ut shorter han the fruit;rays 8-12,stout, preading-ascendingr spreading, -13 cm. onig, ensely caberulous;fertile pedicels 1-12, spreading, 10-30 mm. long, densely scaberulous;flowersmaroon (rarely yellow), the petals oval; stylopodiuLimonic, thestylesslender,recurved; carpophorebifidabout 4 its length,rigid; fruitlance-ovoid, -8 mm. ong, 3-3.5mm.broad, theribs very prominent,cute;oil tubes arge,usually solitary n the intervals, bout 4 on thecornrnissure,sometimes mall supplementary nes under the ribs or in the intervals;seed channeledunderthe intervals, he face suleate.TYPE: "crescit in frigidis Provinciae de los Patos, prope Teindala,[Prov. Azuay,Ecuador], alt. 1400 hex.," Humboldt & Bonpland.Specimensexamined: ECUADOR. CARCHI: Wooded hills about 5 miles south of Tulen,2500 m., 10-VIII-23, Hitchcock? 1,005 (GH, NY, US); between Tulca,nand Pun, 3500in., 11-VIII-35, Mexia 7580 (US). PICHINCHA: "cult. ad radicem Montes Pichincha,siveAndiuinQuintensium, 111-64,Jameson (US-petals yellow); " in AndibusEcuador-



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1949] CONSTANCE: ARRACACIA 45ensibus, 1857-59, Sprutce5794 (NY). TUNGURAHUA: ''Weg von1Paso nach Ambatoam Rio Ambato, stellesteinigeUberberge,Andem umAmbato,2850 m.,haiifig, 6-XI-32,E. H[enrichs 1 (NY).

The long rays and pedicels, the leaf-cutting,nd the usually maroonflowersdistinguishthis species sharply fromthe preceding.The occur-rence of small accessoryoil tubes is of initerestn the light of the differ-ences in vittae described n the first hree species. Jamesons note thatthis species is "cultivated" may indicate that otherspecies than A. xarn-thorrhiza ither re or have been so employed, ut I have no further vi-dence of the domestication f A. moscha,ta.5. Arracacia peruviana (Wolff) Constance, omb.nov.Vela,eaperuviarnaWolff, ot. Jahrb.40: 303. 1908.Slender,cauleseent, ranching, -9 dm.high, quamuloseto scaberulousthroughout,he stembase clothedwithdry sheaths,froma branchedtap-root; leaves ovate-lanceolate, -3 dm. long,bipilnnate,he leafletsovate tolanceolate,acute, cuneateat base, the lowerdistinct nd short-petiolulate,the terminialessile and confluent, -5 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, coarselysinuately obed and mucronulate-serrate,quamuloseon theveins and mar-gins,the lowersurfacepaler and reticulate;petioles1-3 dm. long,sheath-ing below; caulineleaves pinnate,theuppermostwithshort,wholly heath-ing petioles; infloreseencef alternateaxillary peduncles,7-15 cm. long,squamulose at apex; involuerewanting,or of a single leaf sheath; in-volucel of 6-10 entire inear bractlets5-9 mm. ong, exceedingthe flowersbut shorter han thefruit; fertilerays 5-10, slender, preading-ascending,4-8 cm. ong,squamuloseespecially t apex; fertilepedicels2-6, spreadinlg,5-6 mm. ong,squamuloseor scaberulous bove; flowers eddish-brown,hepetals obovate; stylopodium epressed, he stylesslender, preading-erect;carpophoreunknown;fruitovoid,4-6 mm. ong,3-4 mm.broad,glabrous,the ribs filiform; il tubes large, solitary n the intervals,2 on the com-missure;seed face deeplyand narrowly uleate.TYPE: "Peru: Dep. Aneachs,prov.Cajatambo infraOcros, n 3000-3200m. alt.," Weberbamuer748.Specimensexamined: PERU. ANCACHS: "'prov. Cajatambo infra Ocros," Weberbauer2748 (type photo: F). MOQUEGUA: Carumas, 2900 m., 21-II, 6-III-25, Weberbauer

7269 (F, US). AYACUCHO: Mountains northeastof Huanta, 3200 m., 1,10-11-26, Weber-baiter7513 (F).As shownby Coulterand Rose (1900), the typespecies of Velaea DC.(Ligusti,cmmolucensisH.B.K.) is an Arracacia,, nd hence Velaea mustbemergedunderArracacia,.None of the specimensavailable for studybearmaturefruit, o the descriptionof that organ has beelnabstractedfromWolff's riginaldescription.This species is not likelyto be confusedwiththosethatprecede t, and it is separable from hose thatfollowby its con-spicuouslinear bractletsand reddish-brownlowers.The Weberbauercol-lection, romHuanta has atypicallyshort nvolueels,but it may be semi-sterile.6. ARRACACIA INCISA Wolff,Bot. Jahrb.40: 305. 1908.Stout, cauleseent,branching,3-12 dm. high, the foliage squamulose;leaves triangular-ovateo ovate-lalnceolate,-2.5 dm. long,ternate-pilinateorbipinnate, heleaflets riangular-ovateo ovate-oblong,cute,cuneateortruneate t base, the lowerdistinct nd short-petiolulate,heupper sessile



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46 BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB [V-OL. 7Gand the larger pinnately ncised, quamulose on theniargins ndl lonig heveins on both surfaces, he ower surfacepaler and reticulate, squiamiiulosetufton theupper side of the suleate rachis at thebase of the arger eaflets;petioles8-16 cm. long,narrowly heathing t thebase, the sheaths scaber-ulous on the veins; cauline leaves with wholly sheathing, neoiispicXuouslyinflated etioles; infloreseence ranching, hepedunelesarisinig xially anidterminally, -12 cm. long, squamuloseat apex; involuerewantino,or of 1or 2 sheathingbracts; involueel of 4-8, obovate to laneeolate, searious,deenticulate-margined,nequal bractlets5-10 nmu. olig,the gYreenienltralportionprojecting s an acuminatepoint,exceeding he flowers ut shorterthan the fruit; fertilerays 4-8, stout, spreading-ascending,-4 em. long,scaberulousat least at apex; fertilepedicels 2-6, stout, preadiilng,sually2-5 mm. ong, scaberulous;flowers ark purple or greenish, hepetals obo-vate; stylopodium epressed,the stylesslender, divaricate; carpophore2-cleftto thebase, lax; fruit ovoid,5-8 mm. ong,3.5-6 mm.broad,the ribsvery prominent nd corky, cute; oil tubessmall,2-3 in the intervals, -6on the commissure,omeaccessoryonesfrequently nder theribs or in theintervals; seed scarcelychanneledunder the intervals, he face deeply sul-cate.TYPE: "Peru: in deelivibusrupestribus rope Tambo,ad viamiferreanminteroppida Lima et Oroya," [Dept. Linma], 650 m.,Weberbauer165.

Specimens examined: PERU. HuANuco: Steep rockyopen grassy slope, ca. 6500 feet,Huacachi, estacion near Munia,20-V,1-VI-23, Macbride 4163 (F, US); in shrub on south-western anyon slope, ca. 10,000 feet, Yanahuanca, 16,22-VI-22, Macbride J Featherstone1244 (F). LIMA: "in declivibusrupestribusprope Tambo, ad viam ferreamnnter oppidaLima et Oroya,"I Weberbauer 165 (type photos: F, GH, UC); Huarochiri, Viso, sandyhillside, sun, 2800 m., 22-IV-39, Goodspeed,torkf H orton 11,540 (GH, UC); Prov.Huarochiri, valley of Rio Rimac near Lima-Oroya highway at km. 90 east of Lima,3000 m., 15,22-III-42, Goodspeed Weberbauer 33,059 (GH, UC, US); in firm oil ofsteep southern lope, sparsely shrubby, a. 8000 feet,Matucana, 12-IV,3-V-22, Macbride4 Featherstone 326 (F, US); open slopes, ca. 8000 feet,Matucana, 14,18-III-23), Mac-bride 2949 (F, NY, US); rocky slopes, ca. 12,000 feet,Rio Blanco, 8,19-V-22, Macbride4 Featherstone730 (F, US). Cuzco: Cuzco, 1-IX-14, Rose 4 Rose 19,034 (US).The plants representedby Macbride 4163 are much larger in statureand fruitthan the other collectionscited, but these seem to be the onlydifferences.Wolff pparentlywrotehis originaldiagnosisfromhighlyun-satisfactory, mmature, nd possibly sterilematerial; it is difficult ther-wise to reconcile heexcellentmaterial now available with his veryerrone-ous depictionof,forexample,the ilnvolueelsnd stylopodium.As a conse-quence, this species and A. peruviana have been generally confusedby,among others, he writer, lthoughthe involueels of the two species areentirelydifferent.he conspicuous searious involueelssetting off he usu-ally deep purpleflowers,nd the blunt,prominentlyibbed fruitmake thisone of themost distinctive pecies of the group.7. Arracacia equatorialis Constance, p. i1yV.Herba gracilis ramosa cauleseens squamulosa, 4-8 dm. alta; folia in,ambitu ovato-triangularia, -9 dm. longa, bipinnata, foliolis ovatis, adapicem acuminatis, d basin cuneatis truneatisve, .5-3 cm. ongis,1-2.5 cm.latis, mucronato-serratisasi lobatis squamulosis; petioli 10-20 cm. longi,ad basin vaginantes; folia caulina similia,foliolis linearibus lanceolatisveelongatis,petiolo ad laminamvaginante; inflorescentiaamosa, pedunculis



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1949] CONSTANCE: ARRACACIA 47verticillatis el solitariis, d apicemsquarnuloso; nvolueellibracteolae3-6,ovato-acuminatae,d margillemmembranaceae, -6 mm. olngae;radii fer-tiles 2-6, graciles, patenti-adscendentes,d apicem scabriusculi,2-4 cm.longi; flores urpurei,petalis obovatis; stylopodium epressum, tylisgra-cilibus; carpophorumbipartitum, axum; fructus ovoideo-oblongus, -9mm. ongus,3-4 mm. latus, costis filiformibuscutis; vittae magnae soli-tariae in valleculis,2 in commissuris; emninaub vittiscanaliculata faciesuleata.Slender,erect, cauleseent,branching,4-8 dm. high,the foliage squa-mulose; leaves triangular-ovate, -9 cm. long, biternateor bipinnate,theleafletsovate, acute or acuminate,cuneate to truncateat base, the lowerdistinct nd short-petiolulate,he upper sessile alnd confluent, .5-3 cm.long,1-2.5 cm. broad, mueronate-serratelndthe larger ilncised r lobed,squamuloseon thesheaths, achises,veins,and marginis elneathwith inearscales,squamuloseormerely caberulous bove,the owersurfacepaler andreticulate, squamulosetuft on theupper side of the suleate rachisat thebase of the larger leaflets; petioles 10-20 cm. lolng, heathinig nly at thebase; cauline leaves reduced upwards,with linear to lanceolate,elongatedivisions,the obovate petioles wholly sheathing, ittle inflated; inflores-cencebraicehing,he peduncle arisingin whorls or singly,2-12 cm. long,theterminal ometimes ubsessile, quamulose at apex; involuerewanting;involueelof 3-6 ovate-ac-uminate,nitire,ubequal, narrowly earious-mar-gined bractlets2-6 mm. long,shorter han the flowers nd fruit; fertilerays 2-6, slender,spreading-ascending,-4 cm. long, scaberulous; fertilepedicels 1-3 (-5), stout, ascending, 3-5 mm. long; flowerspurple, thepetals obovate; stylopodiumdepressed,the styles slender, spreadinlg-as-cending; carpophore2-cleft o the base, lax, filiform; ruitovoid-oblong,8-9 mm. ong,3-4 mm.broad,glabrous,the ribs filifornm,cute; oil tubeslarge,solitary n the intervals, on the commissure; eed channeledunderthetubes, heface deeplysuleate.TYPE: "vicinity ofLas Juntas [Prov. Loja], Ecuador," 28 September1918, Rose, Pachano & Rose 23,215 (US 1,022,735:type).

Specimens examined: ECUADOR OJA: Vicinity of Las Juntas, Rose et al. 23,215(US-type, GH, NY); entreS. Pedro y Chinchas (unos 55 km. 0. Loja), 1600 m., 1-III-47,B. Espinosa1305 UC).Rose gave to thetypecollection n herbariumname which s preemptedin the genus by A. humilisRose, describedfrom Guatemala. The Ecua-doreanspecies s nearestA. xanthorrhiza nd A. andina, differingrom heformern its fruit and fromthe latter in its foliage and oil tubes. TheEspinosa collection s immaturebut probablybelongshere.8. ARRACACIA XANTHORRHIZA Bancroft, Trans. Agr. Hort. Soc. Jamaica1825: 5. 1825.ConiumArracachaHook. Exot. Fl. pl. 152. 1825.Arracacha esculentaDC. Bibl. Univ. Sci. & Arts 40: 78. 1829.

Bancroftiaxanthorrhiza illb. Linn. Samf. Handl. 1: 40. 1833.Stout,cauleseent,branching, -12 dm.high, glaucous,thefoliagesqua-mulose and scaberulous; leaves broadlyovate, 10-35 cm. long and broad,biternate rbipinnate, heleaflets vate-lanceolate o triangular-ovate,cu-minate, uneatetoroundedat base,the owerdistinct nd often hort-petio-



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48 BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB [VOL. 76lulate, the upper sessile and confluent, -12 cm. long, 1.5-6.5 cm, broad,coarselysimplyor doubly mucronate-serratend incised or lobed, squa-mulose or scaberulouson the rachises, veins, and marginswith flattenedoblongor linear scales,thelower surfacepale and reticulate, squamulosetufton the upper side of thesuleate rachis at the base of the largerleaf-lets; petioles0.8-4.5 dm. long, sheathingonly at base; cauline leaves re-duced upwards, mostlyternate or 3-parted,with lanceolate, acuminatedivisions, he lower alternateand petiolate,the upper oftenoppositeandwholly sheathing with narrow, scarcely inflated sheaths; infloreseencebranching, hepedunclesarising n whorlsor singly,3-10 cm. long, squa-muloseor scaberulousat apex; involuerewanting; involueelof 5-8 linear,entire, nequal,herbaceousbractlets -5 mm. ong,shorter han theflowersand fruit; fertilerays 5-12, slender, preading-ascending,.5-4 cm. long,scaberulous; fertilepedicels 3-8, slender, spreading-ascenlding,-4 mm.long; flowers urple or greenish, he petals oval; stylopodiumdepressed,the styles slender,ascending; carpophore2-cleft to the base; immaturefruit oblong,10 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, constrictedbelow the apex,glabrous,theribs prominent, cute; oil tubes rather arge, solitary n theintervals, on the commissure; eed channeledunder the tubes, the facedeeply suleate.TYPE: Jamaica, where cultivatedfromSouth America, probably Co-lombia.

Specimens examined: ECUADOR. LOJA: Viciiiity of Las Juntas, Rose et al. 23,215Rose 4' Rose (US-foliage). COLOMBIA. ?Moritz 1803 (F. NORTE DE SANTANDER:Cordillera Oriental, region del Sarare: Hoya de rio Chitaga, a sobre La Cabuya, 1600-1800 m., 13-X-41, Cuatrecasas, Schultes 4 Smith 12,146 (F, GH-foliage). ANTIOQUIA:Cordillera Central,alrededores de Medellin, 1560 m., 1-V-46, W. H. Hodge 6861 (GH).CAUCA: Popayan, Lehmann B.T.407 (GH-flowers); Cuesta de TocotA,road from Buena-velitura Cali, WesternCordillera,1500-1900 m.,XII-05, Pittier 714 (US). PUTUMAYO:Valle de Sibundoy, los alrededores, ca, 2250 m., 18-II-42, R. E. Schu,ltes3267 (GH-foliage). BOLIVIA. LA PAZ: Sorata, IX-1-58, 2697 m., Mandon 595 (GH), 22-IV-20,Holway 4 Holway 563 (US-foliage); Sirupaya, 1800 m., 27-XII-06, Buchtien 59711(US-foliage). ECUADOR. TUNGURAHUA: Ambato, 1918,G. Rose 38 (GH, US-photo offoliage). PERU. CUZCO: Paruro, Hda. Araypallpa, 3100 m., 28-VII-37, Vargas 411(GH); colinas del Laxaihuaman, 3600 m., XII-28, Herrera 858 (F); Ollantaytambo,ea. 3000 m., 24-IV-15, Cook7& Gilbert282 (US-foliage); Santa Ana, ea. 900 m., 29-VI-15, Cook 4' Gilbert 1583 (US-foliage); San Miguel, Urubamba Valley, ca. 1800 m.,26-V-15, Cook 4&Gilbert 934 (US-foliage), 935 (US-foliage).This,thecommonlyultivated rracacha ofnorthern outhAmerica, srepresentedn herbaria by only unsatisfactorymaterial, nd published de-scriptions re correspondinglynaccurate. havenot seenmaturefruit, ndit has never been described, o myknowledge; because theplants are ordi-narily propagatedvegetatively, ruitmay not normallyripen. There ap-pears to be no information vailable on the cultivationof the species thatwas notincorporated yHooker (1831) in his descriptionn theBotanicalMagazine.None of thematerialseen is unquestionably romthe wild,andI find n it no clues as to the indigenousoccurrence nd possible originalhomeof thedomesticated lant. Hooker's material came fromBogota, Co-lombia, by way of Jamaica. What appear to be the most closely relatedspecies,however, re P. equatorialisof Ecuador and P. andina. of Bolivia.It is hoped that the publicationof this study may stimulate nterest n



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1949] CONSTANCE: ARRACACIA 49discoveringmore nformationbout thiscropplant, its domestication, ndits origins.9. ARRACACIA ANDINA Britton,Bull. TorreyClub 18: 37. 1908.Stout,erect,cauleseent,branching, -4 dm. high,the foliage squamu-lose; leaves ovate, 1-2.5 dm. long, 1-2-pinnate,the leaflets anceolate toovate,usually acuminate nd cuneateat base, the lowerdistinct nd short-petiolulate, he upper sessile and confluent, -8 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad,mucronate-serratend the larger incised or lobed, squamulose on the ra-chises,veins,and marginswith flattened inear scales, the lower surfacepaler and reticulate, squamulose tufton the upper side of the suleaterachis at the base of the largerleaflets; petioles15-35 cm. long,sheathingonly at base; cauline leaves like the basal, the uppermostwith obovate,wholly heathing,moderatelynflated etioles; infloreseenceranching, hepecunclesarisingin whorlsor singly,5-12 cm. long, squamuloseat apex;involuerewanting; nvolueelof 6-8 linearentireunequal herbaceousbract-lets 2-5 mm. long, shorter than the flowers nd fruit; fertilerays 5-8,slender,spreading-ascending, -4 cm. long, scaberulous; fertile pedicels3-8, spreading, 2-4 mm. long; flowerspurple, the petals obovate; stylo-podiumdepressed, he styles slender, preading; carpophore2-cleft o thebase, thedivisionsfiliform; ruitovoid, 6-7 mm. ong, 4-5 mm.broad, theribsfiliform,cute; oil tubes of intermediate ize, 2-3 in theintervals, -6on the commissure; eed shallowlychanneledunder the larger tubes, theface deeplysuleate.

TYPE: " Ingenio del Oro [Bolivia]," 10,000 feet, 111-86,Rutsby 776(NY: type).Specimensexamined: BOLIVIA. "Plantae Bolivianae," Bang 2839 (F, GH, MO, NY,(US); Ingenio del Ovo, Rusby 776 (F, NY-TYPE, US).The broad leaflets, ifferent ruit, nd clusteredoil tubesseparate thisspeciesfromA. xanthorrhiza, nd the differentlivolueel and oil tubes dis-tinguish t fromA. equatorialis,but theseappear to be its closestrelatives.To eitherthis species or to A. equatorialis maybelong the threefollowingPeruvian collectionswhich, because of their immaturity r fragmentarynature, am unable to assign definitely o any species: Huasahuasi, Rutiz

& Pavon (F); Hacienda Churiu, aucartamboValley, 1-27,Herrera 1391(US); San Sebastian, Cuzco, 25-IV-25, Pennell 13,628 (F). It is possiblethatthere s a Peruvian entitywhichis distinctfrom eitherof these twospecies,butthat decisionmust await bettermaterial.10. ARRACACIA TOLUCENSIS (H.B.K.) Hemsl.var. MULTIFLORA (S. Wats.)Math.& Const.Bull. TorreyClub 68: 121. 1941.Stout,cauleseent,branching,1-3 m. high,the foliage scaberulous,theinfloreseenceuberulent; leaves deltoid, 2-3.5 dm. long, ternatelydecomii-pound,theultimatedivisions inear-oblong o filiform,cute witha promi-nent callus point,cuneateat base, sessile,distinct r the terminal onfluent,1-6 cm. ong, 0.5-4 (-10) mm. broad,entire in our material), scaberulouson theveins and marginsbeneath;petioles 1-4 dm.long,sheathing t base;cauline leaves like the basal, the uppermostusually opposite,greatlyre-duced and often simple, with obsolete sheaths; infloreseenee ymoselybranched, f several slenderpeduncles 3-12 cm. lolig; involuerewanting;involueel wanting,or vestigial; rays mostly 10-25, sleinder, preading-as-cending, ubequal, 1.5-3 cm. ong, lightlywebbedat base and oftenpuberu-



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50 BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB [VOL. 76lent; pedicels short, preading-ascending,sually 2-5 mm. ong, webbed atbase and oftenpuberulent;flowers reenish-yellow;tylopodium onic, thestyles short, rect or spreading; carpophore2-cleft o the base, lax; fruitovoid-oblong, -8 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, tapering at apex and base,the ribs prominent, cute; oil tubes arge, solitary n the intervals, on thecommissure; eed channeledunder the tubes,the face deeplysuleate.TYPE: "on the hills at Rio Hondo," Mexico, Pringle 3620.North American distribution: Hidalgo to Durango, south to Mexico(state) and Oaxaca, Mexico.

South American specimeiisexamined: COLOMBIA. MAGDALENA: Paramos of the SierraNevada de Santa Marta, about 30 miles inland fromDibulla, ca. 3850 m., VII-32, WSeifriz 4,2 (US).The basis for therecognition f thisenitityn SouthAmerica s a singlefragmentary, adly moldedspecimen,but there seemsto be no question ofits identity.Dr. Seifriz's collecting clearly suggeststhat additional fieldwork n the mountainsof Magdalena mightprove exceedingly ewarding.

TAUSCHIA Schlecht. Linnaea 9: 607. 1834; nomenconservandum.NotTauschia Preissler, 1828.Two entitiesfromSouth America have been referredto this genus,which has about twenty pecies in Mexico and the westernUnited States.The generic ines betweenTa-uschia nd Arracaciahave beenshifted nd re-drawn numerous imes, nd these differencesf opinionclearlyreveal thatthere s no sharp morphological reak.My recollections f strugglingwiththis problem are still too vivid, however, o make me want to reopenthequestionnow.1. TAUSCHIA NUDICAULIS Schlecht.Linnaea 9: 608. 1834.To my knowledge, hisspecies,knownfromJalisco south to Vera Cruz,Mexico (state), and Puebla, has beenreported rom outhAmericaonlyonthe basis of Spruce 6065, "in Andibus Ecuadorensibus." According toCoulter and Rose (1900), "Spruce's specimen from South America issimilar to theMexican specimens n habit,but with a somewhatdifferentfruit section and it may yet prove a distinctspecies." Judging by thesheetat theGrayHerbarium, hedifferences,f any,are by no means con-spicuous.It maybe significanthat Ottoa oenanthoidesH.B.K. has a com-parable distribution, eing knowin romGuerrero nd Oaxaca, Venezuela,Colombia, nd Ecuador.2. TAUSCHIA JAHNII Rose ex Pittier, Man. P1. Usual. Venez. 299. 1926(nomen subnudum.).This name was pickedup by PittierfromRose's annotationof certainVenezuelan collections, f which I have seen the fQllowing: La Puerta,Trujillo, 2000 m.," 16-IX-22,Jahn 1136 (US) and "Sierra Nevada deMerida, 10,000-16,000 eet,"XII-23, de Bellard 259 (US). Both collectionsare fragmentarynd appear to agree in all respects, ncludingthe lack ofany maturefruit.While attempting omatch hese n theGray Herbarium,I discovered thirdand muchbetter ample,but still fruitless,n Ghies-breght 87,"au bordde ruisseauxet des sourcesd'eau dans les montagnes,Chiapas, etc.,Mexico." Steyermark as recently ollectedthe plant twicein Venezuela: "LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas,



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1949] CONSTANCE: ARRACACIA 512285-3290 i.," 11-11-44, 5,455 (F) and 55,475 (F), likewisein an in-mature tate.Although ll thesespecimens re superficially eminiscent fApium graveolensL., they are apparentlymuch more closely related toArracacia eduwlis. Wats. and Tauschia nudicaulis Schlecht., nd perhapsconstitute n undescribed pecies in one ofthese two genera, which wouldbe notable for its leafy stems,small umbels, entirebractlets, nd small,bluntfruits immature) '

NEONELSONIA Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 306. 1895.1. NEONELSONIA ACUMINATA (Benth.) Coult. & Rose ex Drude; E. & P.Nat. Pfl. 8: 167. 1898.Arracacia acuminataBenth.P1. Hartw. 187. 1856.Althoughthis species is commonly onfused withArracacia,PennellUii,A. Wiggitnsii,nd A. elata because of a close similarityn vegetative har-acters, ts ellipsoid-cordate, rinkled ruitand filiformractlets nd pedi-eelsmake it readilydistinguishable.Neornelsoniacuminatacs knownfromColombiato Ecuador.2. NEONELSONIA Sp. ?To the collectionPennell 2452, "Forest, on mount,2-4 m. s. of Sibate,Cundinamarea,Colombia, 2900-3000 m., 13,15-XII-17 (NY; F, US-photos), Rose gave an herbariumname under Arracacia, presumably nrecognition f the laxity of the filiform edicels. The young fruits arebroadly ovoid, but too young to be assigned with any certaintyto theproper genus. The general similarityof the collection to the precedingspecies,however, uggeststhat it may represent n undescribed pecies ofNeonelsonia, istinguished romN. acumnata by itsmucronate atherthanspinuloseserrations, cute ratherthan acuminate eaflets, nd shorter ndbroaderbractlets.

MYRRHIDENDRON Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 19: 466. 1894.As revisedbyCoulterand Rose (1927), thisgenuscontainsfourspecies,one in Guatemalaand Costa Rica, the second n Panama, and twoothers nnorthern outhAmerica.The very arge linear or oblongand dorsallyflat-tenedfruit s ample to distinguish heseplants fronminy species of Arra-cacia, butvegetativematerial of the twogenera s commonlyonfused.1. MYRRHIDENDRON GLAUCESCENS (Benth.) Coult. & Rose, Jour. Wash.Acad. Sci. 17: 214. 1927.Arracacia glaucescensBenth.P1. Hartw. 187. 1845.This is presumably hemore common f the two species, beingknownfromColombia to Ecuador. The almost coriaceous leaves with a raisedstipularring at the base of the petiolulesand the dissectedbractletsdis-tinguish t from ny Arracacia known o occur n thesame area.2. MYRRHIDENDRON PENNELLII Coult. & Rose, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci.17: 214. 1927.' While filing the accumulated Umbelliferae in the Herbarium of the UniversityofCalifornia,thewriterdiscoveredtwo more collections of this entity n Steyermarks nos.48,460 and 49,771 fromGuatemala. The second of these has semi-mature ruit,and it isclear froma study of these that all the plants mentionedabove under Tauschia JahniiRose are conspecificwith Arracacia vaginata Coult. & Rose, hithertoknownto occur onlyfromMichoacan to Oaxaca, Mexico. Thus Arracacia vaginata, with a range extendingfromMichoacan to Venezuela, constitutesthe eleventhspecies of its genus thus far re-ported fromSouth America.



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52 BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB [VOL. 76Known onlyfromColombia,this species differs romthe preceding nhaving lanceolate, acuminate,sharply serrate,rather than ovate, obtuse,incised and lobed as well as serrate leaflets, nd in having the stipularringdenselyhairy.GRAY HERBARIUM, HARVARD UNIVERSITYCAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTSDEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIABERKELEY, CALIFORNIA

Literature CitedHooker, W. J. 1831. Arracacia esculenta. Eatable Arracacha. Bot. Mag. 58: pl. 3092.Coulter, J. M. & Rose, J. N. 1900. A synopsis of Mexican and Central AmericanUmbelliferae. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 1: 134, 136.. 1927. Revisioniof the genus Myrrh1idendron.Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17:213-215.Mathias, M. E. & Constance, L. 1944. Umbelliferae. N. A m. Fl. 28B: 90-102.

Documents

Constance. 1949. the South American Species of Arracacia