construction

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Construction Pre-Planning

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Planning

Planning is an art, and the art of planning exist only among human beings. This power to be able to plan distinguishes man from the other members of the animal kingdom.

For a good planning, intelligence and experience is necessary. And for a plan to be successful, it must be prepared by those who are trained and qualified.

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Planning

Past experience have proven that there is no short cuts to sound construction pre-planning. There is no new procedure to replace the following four basic rules for any job.

1. The construction superintendent should be included in the consultation at the very start of the planning stage. Do not just present him later the finish plan and say: here is the plan for you to implement.

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Planning

2. Make a job breakdown into components. This will simplify the whole program.

3. Prepare a construction plan that will be consulted constantly. Do not just file it in a drawer only to accumulate dust.

4. Take advantage of new tools, which have demonstrated in saving time, money or confusion.

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For Whom and What are we planning for?

1. We are planning for the owners of the company when we plan to achieve a profit by operating at the minimum capacity, utilizing the available resources.

2. We are planning for the employees when we plan to create or maintain jobs.

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Planning functions has four different dimensions, namely :

Planning is a philosophy1

Planning is integration2

Planning is a process3

Planning is a collection of procedures4

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Planning is a philosophy

Looking ahead is a way of thinking, a concern about the future effects of todays action. Planning involves a state of the mind that recognizes the need for orderliness and the value of direction.

Individual planners may sway between optimism and pessimism, but they dare not to stray too far from reality.

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Planning is integration

Both long and short range plans provides a unified structure to give purpose to the organizational units involved. Broader plans consider the client, the supplier and other peripheral contact of the company.

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Planning is a process

Goals and objectives are the most obvious consequence of the planning process. A loose objective of survival or of making profit is a poor guidelines clearly inadequate for steering an enterprise.

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Planning is a process

A winning plan includes : 1. the strategy that defines how much has

to be done to achieve the objectives.

2. the sequence of events that satisfies those strategies.

3. the assignment that lead to the accomplishment of the events.

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Planning is a collection of procedures

All companies make plans ahead to some extent and apply their own methods of doing so. In small company, one person may do it all, but larger companies have standard procedures for formulating and carrying out plans.

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Library Work

Research on one successful construction firm in the Philippines. Discuss the reasons of their success.

(Assignment for C-501)

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The Project Manager

The central figure in a project is the project manager. He bears the ultimate responsibility for the success or failure of the project. His role in the construction is one of an organizer, a person who is capable of working through others to accomplish the objectives of the project.

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The Project Manager

The job of the project manager can be both difficult and rewarding. However, the reward of the job of project manager comes from :

1. the benefits of being associated with a successful project.

2. the personal satisfaction of seeing it through to its conclusion

3. the challenge of the job and working with other people.

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The Project Manager

Project construction management differs much from management of more traditional activities. It is unique one time-operation with one major objective to accomplish an specified tasks in a limited time framework.

The project manager oversee a variety of operations that involves repetitive activities and other various works.

The project managers mission is to plan, coordinate, control and accomplish.

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The Project Manager

Managerial competence is a function of a managers character, knowledge and experience. These three ingredients interact to mold a particular style of management. An advantage of studying management techniques is the opportunity it allows to explore and develop managerial skills without suffering the consequences of trial and error.

Assignment : Discuss the different management style or management techniques. And chose which is the best technique and explain why ?

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Seatwork

1. What is planning ? Why it important in a construction project ?

2. What is the role of a Project Manager in the construction industry ?

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The Worksheet

The initial move to get the project under way is for the Project Manager to convene a preliminary discussion on the documents and to gather more information as may be available at the early stage. There should be additional and pre-planning information available such as, the clients required operational date.

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The Worksheet

What the Project Manager needs to know are : 1. the logical construction sequence that

must be followed.

2. the quantity and delivery dates of various materials to be used.

3. how much and what kind of manpower will be needed.

4. when to start and complete the job on time.

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The Worksheet

The first step in construction pre-planning is to prepare a graph and plotting the anticipated date of delivery of all major equipment at the site. The optimum time for each construction activities could be analyzed. Severe peaks and uneconomical use of equipment will appear on the projected graph, which could then be adjusted to prevent future conflicts in the field.

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The Worksheet

By working backward from the expected completion date, the experienced project manager can predict the latest possible starting date for any of the activities that make up the whole construction project. The worksheet represents a plan of action presented graphically by critical sequence of functions of subsidiary activities contained within a compact period of time.

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Timetable

The project manager should conduct one or more informal sessions with key personnel assigned to the project such as : Construction superintendent Purchaser Drafting coordinator

During the session, the preliminary construction program or worksheet is reviewed to determine whether engineering work and procurement of materials can be accomplished at the rate and in the sequence as programmed in the schedule.

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Timetable

Specifications for equipment and materials, which are in the development should be processed according to their importance in the overall project. The design and drafting can be organized, to produced those drawings that are necessary at the early stage of the construction program for field installation or to complement an urgent purchase of materials.

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Timetable

At this early stage of construction development, it is essential and timely for the procurement committee to place orders for long term delivery of items at an early phase of the project. The relative urgency of the on site receipt as scheduled, may be used in establishing a shop fabrication schedule with the supplier.

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Timetable

One important function of the construction planner is the preparation of an accurate manpower estimates assigned to each function. This can be done on the basis of manpower category of the works like :

Working on foundations

by the craft such as carpenters, tinsmith, plumber, electricians

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Project Engineers Review

The project engineer must :

1. review the timetable thoroughly

2. raise questions on its overall logic and workability

3. offer constructive criticism on detailed work functions and interrelated activities

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The manpower assignment for each activity on the timetable is then translated into a graphical presentation, showing the anticipated manpower expenditures and the target progress of the work in percentages :

1. by graphical reporting, manpower and percentage accomplishment is easier to evaluate showing the general direction and condition of the job.

2. data are received by way of one page weekly progress report

3. a field man-hour report is submitted monthly.

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By close control and evaluation of field cost man-hour expenditures it can easily detect the following :

1. Possible budget man-hour overruns

2. Equipment peaks

3. Weakness in supervision coverage

4. inadequacy of tools and equipment

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A daily look at the graph, alerts the Project Manager and his home office to the possible need for a radical action such as :

1. Manpower reallocation for elaborate re-scheduling

2. For a speedy economic analysis of the whole project to determine whether extra manpower or two shift operation may be necessary.

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A periodic visit to the construction site is necessary for the various members of the central construction department staff to audit the program so that : 1. A first hand review of the progress is

made and the general status of the work is compared with the timetable and discussed with the key field supervisory staff.

2. Home office assistance is offered to the field superintendent in pushing particular phases of the project.

3. Suggestions are made and discussed with the field organizations as to how its progress can be improved.

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Discussions and review of construction problems at the site assures a clearer understanding of the work status for the following actions :

1. Alternate solutions may be reviewed

2. Exchanging ideas for a better solution

3. To implement results as agreed in the meeting.

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The site review, gives everyone an opportunity for a general discussions of ideas and techniques on concurrent construction work. The best pre-planning approach requires a constant attention to a construction project. Above all pre-planning should be flexible enough to give it a chance to adjust quickly and radically at any time when it be necessary.

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Preliminaries and Site Management

After a contract is awarded, the contractor has to :

1. determine the key personnel to supervise the work

2. make provisions for the equipment to be used.

3. determine the location and methods of erecting temporary structures such :

Job offices Storage sheds Workshops Roadway Bank house for workers and facilities

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Preliminaries in Organizing a Construction Job Project undergoes series of stages which

includes :

1. Planning

2. Execution of major activities

3. Project Phase out

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Project construction life cycle requires various requirements such as :

1. The site must be found and boundaries relocated

2. Plan must be drawn

3. Plan must be approved by the owner

4. Building permit must be secured

5. Succession of personnel follows

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Succession of personnel is the rotation of personnel who will be doing different kinds of job according to their specialties. For instance : 1. Those doing the site relocation and

preparation and laying of foundation. 2. Erecting the foundation and column,

floor and roof framework 3. Constructing wall and partitions 4. Plumbing and water supply connections

including drainage system. 5. Mechanical Equipment 6. Electrical and communication wiring

system

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7. Installation of kitchen, bathroom fixtures and appliances.

8. Interior finishing work

9. Doors and windows

10. Painting, varnishing and other finishing works

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The main objectives in the preliminaries of organizing a construction job are : 1. To secure the necessary licenses and

building permits 2. Prepare a time and progress chart 3. Have an access to the site or a

temporary roadway. 4. Construction of boarding, fences and

temporary shed. 5. Construction of temporary field offices

for the staff. 6. Arrangement for canteen facilities

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7. Cleaning and leveling the site 8. Demolition of existing structures 9. Disposal of materials obtained from

demolition 10. Shoring to adjoining structures 11. Arrangement for temporary water and

electric supply 12. Allotment and preparation of storage

space for use of contractor and sub-contractors

13. Allotment of space for borrow pits 14. Provision for drains and soak-ways 15. General site problems including any

special feature.

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Organization of the work

Organization of the work, consist of making proper assignments and sequence of the works in a systematic order aimed at making the best use of labor, materials and time. The organization of the work is the responsibility of the contractor under the direction of the supervising engineer.

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Group work

1. what are the importance of the worksheet and timetable in the preplanning process ?

2. discuss the significance of a project engineers review in the construction project

3. briefly discuss the importance of the preliminaries of organizing a construction job.

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Construction Pre-PlanningPlanningPlanningPlanningFor Whom and What are we planning for?Planning functions has four different dimensions, namely :Planning is a philosophyPlanning is integrationPlanning is a processPlanning is a processPlanning is a collection of proceduresLibrary WorkThe Project ManagerThe Project ManagerThe Project ManagerThe Project ManagerSeatworkThe WorksheetThe WorksheetThe WorksheetThe WorksheetTimetableTimetableTimetableTimetableProject Engineers ReviewProject Engineers ReviewProject Engineers ReviewProject Engineers ReviewProject Engineers ReviewProject Engineers ReviewProject Engineers ReviewPreliminaries and Site ManagementPreliminaries and Site ManagementPreliminaries and Site ManagementPreliminaries and Site ManagementPreliminaries and Site ManagementPreliminaries and Site ManagementPreliminaries and Site ManagementOrganization of the workGroup workSlide Number 42

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