CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS - ctqpflorida.com Shaft Inspector/04 - 2015... · Student’s Guide Lesson 4-Construction Documents Version1 -1/15 4-2

Student’s Guide Lesson 4-Construction Documents

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Lesson 4

CONSTRUCTIONDOCUMENTS


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Learning Outcomes

• Locate Plan Sheet Details Related to Drilled Shafts

• Calculate REC % and RQD

• Identify key elements of the Drilled Shaft Installation Plan

• Identify & interpret applicable 455 Specifications


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Standard Specifications

Supplemental Specifications

Developmental Specifications

Design Standards

Plans (including revisions)

TechnicalSpecial Provisions

SpecialProvisions

Project Document Governing Order

Must know this governing order. The Coordination of Contract Documents is set forth in section 5-2 of the Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction. Governing order

• • Special Provisions – Specific clauses adding to or revising the Standard

Specification, setting forth conditions varying from or additional to the Standard Specifications, for a specific project.

• Technical Special Provisions – Specifications prepared, signed and sealed by an Engineer registered in the State of Florida other than the State Specifications Engineer, or his designee, which are made part of the Contract as an attachment to the Specifications Package.

• Plans – The approved plans, including reproductions thereof, showing the location, character, dimensions and details of the work to be done.

• Design Standards – Are FDOT standard design sheets for common items and are typically included in Plan sets. An example of this type of sheet is the “Notes and Details for Square Prestressed Concrete Piles”, Index No. 20600.

• Developmental Standards – A specification developed around a new process, procedure, or material and designated as a developmental specification.

• Supplemental Specifications – Approved additions and revisions to the Standard Specifications.

• Standard Specifications – The directions, provisions and requirements contained herein, together with all stipulations contained in the plans or in the contract documents, setting out or relating to the method and manner of performing the work, or to the quantities and qualities of materials and labor to be furnished under the contract.


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Definition of the Engineer

Engineer: Director, Office of Construction, acting directly or through

his duly designated representatives


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PLANS ANDDOCUMENTSCHECKLIST

Plans & Specification Checklist


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• Approved Drilled Shaft Installation Plan

• Complete set of Project Plans with Pay Items

• Minutes of Previous Meetings

• Special Provisions

• Technical Special provisions for project

• Standard Specifications

• Supplemental Specifications

• Design Standards

•Project Geotechnical Report

Inspector References


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• Key Sheet

• Summary of Pay Items

• Plan and profile

• Special Provisions

• Structural Plans:

•General Notes

•Report of Core Borings

•Foundation Layout Plans

•Bridge Hydraulic Sheet

•Drilled Shaft Details

•Bent/Pier Plans

• Design Standards (17743 and 17502)

Important Plans and Drawings


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Plans Review


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Plan Set- Sheet 1 (Key Sheet)


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Plan Set- Sheet 2 (Summary of Pay Items)


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Plan Set- Sheet 2 (Summary of Pay Items)


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Plan Set- Sheet 3 (Plan & Elevation)


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Plan Set- Sheet 3 (Plan & Elevation)


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Plan Set- Sheet 4 (Report of Core Borings)


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This notes section explains other symbols that may be used in this plan and special information that may be relevant to the drilled shaft construction. For example, the contractor is advised that artesian water was observed or expected at certain elevation and how high the water reached. WOH: means weight of hammer in the Standard Penetration Test. This is means a very loose or a very soft material or maybe even a void was encountered. We will cover later on what is a Standard Penetration test, or SPT. 50=2”: This means that during the SPT test the hammer reached 50 blows and only advanced 2 “. This in the industry of soil boring is considered refusal. In general, every time an SPT sampler requires 50 blows or more and advancing less than 6” is considered refusal. Note also the symbols for casing used. This refers to the casing used during the execution of the soil boring. If the soil testing firm needed to use casing during the soil borings, this will typically indicate the presence of permeable soils and formations. Water and drilling fluids are required to maintained cool the drilling tools. If these get lost through the soil or rock formations the drilling will need to use casing to hold the drilling

fluid or water.


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Plan Set- Sheet 5 (Foundation Layout)


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In bridge projects the geotechnical engineer will produce a drilled shaft length letter detailing the required production tip elevations which are based on load tests and soil borings called pilot holes. These production tip elevations may be different from whatever elevations were anticipated tip elevations were presented in the plans. If there are no load testing nor any pilot holes or any other field testing to verify these tip elevations, the tip elevations indicated in the plans will be the ones to construct the shafts to. Note 6 mentions the rock socket. Rock socket is the portion of the shaft that will be in contact with rock. The drilled shaft length letter may contain a revision of the required rock socket lengths. If there are no field testing at all, the rock sockets indicated in the plans will be ones the must be met. Note 7 indicates what type of material should be considered good enough to be considered part of the rock socket. Drilled shafts must meet both: the required tip elevations (indicated in the plans or revised by the drilled shaft length letter) and the rock socket lengths (indicated in the plans or revised by the drilled shaft length letter).


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Scour

AbutmentScour

Scour

AbutmentScour

Clear-watercontraction scour

Long-term degradationLive-bed contraction scour

Short-term scour

Drilled Shafts


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Scour


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Scour


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Scour


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Plan Set- Sheet 8 (Hydraulic Sheet)


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Plan Set- Sheet 8 (Hydraulic Sheet)


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Plan Set- Sheet 9 (Drilled Shaft Details)


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Plan Set- Sheet 10 (Bent/Pier Plan)


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Rock Socket

Rock socket:Portion of shaftIn contact with Rock.


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455-15.6.1 Pilot Hole: When pilot holes are shown in theplans core a pilot hole, prior to shaft excavation, inaccordance with ASTM D 2113 Standard Practice forDiamond Core Drilling for Site Excavation and theDepartment’s Soils & Foundations Handbook using adouble or triple wall core barrel through part or all of theshaft, to a depth of 3 times the diameter of the drilled shaftbelow the tip elevation shown in the plans, as directed bythe Engineer. The Engineer may require the Contractor tocut any core to a total depth below the bottom of the drilledshaft excavation of up to 5 times the diameter of the drilledshaft.

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455-15.6.1- Pilot Hole


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• Drilled Shafts are not part of CQC

• Department responsible for maintaining log ofPilot Hole, Coring and Shaft Excavation

CPAM 10.5.5


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455-15.6.2- Cores

455-15.6.2 Cores: Take cores when shown in the plansor directed by the Engineer to determine the character ofthe material directly below the shaft excavation. Provideequipment to retrieve the core from a depth of 5 times thediameter of the drilled shaft below the bottom of the drilledshaft excavation in accordance with ASTM D 2113Standard Practice for Diamond Core Drilling for SiteExcavation. Cut the cores with an approved core barrel toa minimum depth of 3 times the diameter of the drilledshaft below the bottom of the drilled shaft excavation aftercompleting the shaft excavation, as directed by theEngineer. ….


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455-15.6.2- Cores

455-15.6.2 Cores:Continued

… The Engineer may require the Contractor to cut anycore to a total depth below the bottom of the drilledshaft excavation of up to 5 times the diameter of thedrilled shaft.

For cores or pilot holes, use only a double ortriple wall core barrel designed:

(a) to cut a core sample from 4 to 6 inches indiameter, at least 5 feet in length, and,(b) so that the sample of material cored can beremoved from the shaft excavation and the corebarrel in an undisturbed state, and


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455-15.6.2 Cores: Continued

… The Engineer will inspect the cores and determine thedepth of required excavation. When considerednecessary by the Engineer, take additional cores. Placethe core samples in suitable containers, identified by shaftlocation, elevation from and to, and job number, anddeliver to the Department within 48 hours after cutting.When called for in the plans, substitute StandardPenetration Tests (SPT) for coring. In such cases, supplythese tests at no additional cost per foot to theDepartment above that bid for core (shaft excavation).

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455-15.6.2 Cores:Continued

…Provide areas for the disposal of unsuitable materialsand excess materials as defined in 120-5 that areremoved from shaft excavations, and dispose of them ina manner meeting all requirements pertaining topollution….

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455-15.6.2- Cores


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Standard Penetration Test Borings

140 lb.Hammerfree-falling30”Anvil

Split-BarrelDrive sampler

Drill Rod

Seating Spoon6”

Second Increment 6”

SPT Resistance(N-value) is total number of blows to drive sampler the 2nd

and 3rd 6 inch increments

Third Increment 6”


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• Disassemble spoon, avoiding disturbance to sample

• Note length of sample recovered

• Describe the sample and anychange in material (stratumbreak)

• Carefully place representativeportion(s) in waterproof container

• Properly label, store & transport

Standard Penetration Test Borings

After the sampler has been removed from the borehole and detached from the drill rods, the sampling spoon can be disassembled and the soil in the sampling spoon can be examined. If there is soil within the sampler, the soil boring inspector will record the length of the sample recovered or the percent recovery, describe the soil and record the SPT results. Then the inspector will note the location of each stratum with respect to the bottom of the sampler barrel. The inspector will then place a representative portion of each stratum into a waterproof container (jar) and properly label, store and transport the samples to the laboratory facility. In the report of core borings, the N values will be presented at the left side of each boring.


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• Core runs are generally 5 feet in length

• Most common size is 4 in.

• In accordance with ASTM D 2113

Rock Cores

Core drilling is used to obtain intact samples of rock for testing purposes and for assessing rock quality and structure. Rock coring may be required during the execution of pilot holes, prior to construct production drilled shafts or after the excavation of the shaft to verify the conditions of the rock underneath the shaft bottom. The rock coring is performed usually in segments, called runs, that are typically 5 ft in length. Even though for soil exploration purposes smaller sizes are typically used, in our specifications we require core diameters of 4 to 6”.


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Conventional Rock Coring


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Core Barrels

Double-tube Core Barrel

Here is a picture of a double tube core barrel. Core barrels may be single-tube, double-tube, or triple-tube. Single barrels are not acceptable in our specifications.


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Rock Coring Video


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Core Barrel Components

Double tubeCore Barrel

Inner barrelshoe assembly

Diamond bit w/ carbide reaming shell


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• Fluids

• Pressures and Rates

• Procedural items

Core Drilling Observations

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• Amount of water injected versus amount returned

• Losses of fluids

• Color change

Fluids


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• Hydraulic down pressure

• Water pressure

• Drilling Action (smooth, rough, etc.)

• Changes in drilling rates, revolutions

• Rod drops (depth from and to)

• Loss of circulation

• Drilling Rate (time in Minutes per 1 ft.)

Pressures & Rates


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• Size and type of core barrel and bit

• Casing size, type, depth

• Core run data

Procedural Items


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Drilled Shaft Rock Core Log

Form # 700-010-86

http://www2.dot.state.fl.us/proceduraldocuments/forms/ByNumber.asp?index=7


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Drilled Shaft Rock Core Log

Form # 700-010-86(Cont’d)

http://www2.dot.state.fl.us/proceduraldocuments/forms/ByNumber.asp?index=7


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Pilot Hole Log

Pilot Hole Log Form #700-010-35


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Core Handling & Preservation

Core

Tray

Extruded intoa tray

Or

Into core box

Left (Top of Run) Right (Bottom of Run)


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Recovered Rock Cores


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Recovery %

REC % is defined as the length of core recovereddivided by the length of core run and is expressedand reported as a percentage.


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% REC = Length of Core Recovered

Length of Core Run(100)

EXAMPLE PROBLEM

Length of Run = 5.0’

Recovered 39”

REC =

Can REC be greaterthan 100%?

5.0’ = (100)

Recovery %


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RQD is defined as the sum of all recovered pieces ofrock core greater than 4” in length divided by the lengthof core run and is expressed and reported as apercentage.

Ref: ASTM 6032

Rock Quality Designation (RQD)


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(RQD)**DESCRIPTION OF

ROCK QUALITY

0 – 25 Very Poor

25 – 50 Poor

50 – 75 Fair

75 – 90 Good

90 – 100 Excellent


* from Federal Highway Administration


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Measuring of Core Pieces

CoreDia.

Centerlineof core


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% RQD = Sum of Pieces >4”Length of Core Run

(100)

Can RQD be greaterthan REC?

PROBLEM

Length ofRun = 5.0’ = 60”

6”

Recovered pieces

9”

14”

7”

Can RQD be greaterthan 100%?

RQD =

%”60”

(100) =


3.5”

3”

2.5”


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What is that?I don’t know butI’m not going totouch it!

Material Identification


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SANDS

CLAYS

ROCK

The Inspector needs torecord the materials comingout of the hole.



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ROCK



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In its naturalstate maylook like this.


Coming out ofthe hole maylook like this.


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What is Soil ?

Naturally occurring mineral particles that are readily separated into small pieces.

What is Rock ?

Naturally occurring material composed of mineralparticles so firmly bonded together that significanteffort is required to separate the particles.



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Granular Soils: Sands and Gravel

Fine-grained Soils: Silts and Clays

Organic Soils: Peat, Organic Soils

Soil Type


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In Florida Drilled Shaft projects: Limestone, Sandstone

Rock

The rock type most encountered in our drilled shaft projects will be limestone, though some sandstones are possible. These type of rocks belong to the sedimentary rocks group. Sedimentary rocks are formed by the cementation of sedimented soils or precipitated materials. Limestone for example is mostly formed by precipitation of calcite, aragonite and typically includes accumulation of shells, corals and fossilized organisms. Our limestone is frequently vuggy and very porous. Parts of the state are known for their sinkhole activity. Even where sinkhole activity is relatively unlikely, the limestone can still be very porous. The relative hardness of the limestone varies widely and can occur over short distances.


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FIELD IDENTIFICATION OF SOILS/ROCKSOILS

Soil Type

Squeezed in Hand & Pressure Released

Visual Appearance

Rolled BetweenThumb & Finger

when MoistW hen Air Dry W hen Moist

SAND Individual grain sizes can be detected. It is free-flowing when in a dry condition.

W ill not form a cast & will fall apart when pressure is released

Forms a cast which will crumble when lightly touched

Can not be ribboned

SILT Contains +80% silt particles with very little fine sand & clay. When dry, it may be cloddy, readily pulverizes to a powder with a soft flour-like feel. Washes off easily.

Forms a cast which can be handled without breaking, but can easily be broken into powdery form by hand

Forms a cast which can freely be handled. When wet, it readily puddles.

Has a tendency to ribbonwith a broken appearance; crumbles easily, feels smooth

CLAY Fine texture- breaks into hard lumps when dry. Difficult to pulverize into a soft flour-like powder when dry. ID based on cohesive properties of moist soil.

Forms a cast which can be handled without breaking

Forms long, thin flexible ribbons. Can be worked into a dense, compact mass.

Forms a cast which can be handled without breaking

ROCK(Terms to describe rock hardness)

Description Field Observations (Characteristics)

Friable

Low Hardness

Moderately Hard

REMEMBER: Rock formations are tough to classify. If it’s hard (+50 blow count on Boring Log Report) and you are not sure what it is-- call it Rock. Collect cuttings whenever recovery is not possible.

Example Descriptions of the Soil ComponentsType Description

REMEMBER- Don’t come home until you answered all your questions… To late after the shaft is installed.

Hard

Very Hard

Easily crumbled by hand, pulverized or reduced to powder and is too soft to be cutwith a pocket knife.

Can be gouged deeply or carved with a pocket knife.

Can be readily scratched by a knife blade; scratch leaves a heavy trace of dust andscratch is readily visible after the powder has been blown away.Can be readily scratched with difficulty; scratch produces little powder and is oftenfaintly visible; traces of the knife steel may be visible

Cannot be scratched with a pocket knife. Leaves knife steel marks on surface.

Sand Describes a sample that consists of both fine and coarse sand particles.Gravel Describes a sample that consists of both fine and coarse gravel particles.Silty Fine Sand Major component fine sand, with non-plastic finesSandy Gravel Major component gravel size, with fine and coarse sand. May contain small amount of

finesGravelly Sand Major component sand, with gravel. May contain small amount of fines.Gravelly Sand, Silty Major component sand, with gravel and non-plastic fines.Gravelly Sand, Clayey Major component sand, with gravel and plastic fines.Sandy Gravel, Silty Major component gravel size, with sand and non-plastic fines.Sandy Gravel, Clayey Major component gravel size, with sand and plastic finesSilty Gravel Major component gravel size, with non-plastic fines. May contain sand.Clayey Gravel Major component gravel size, with plastic fines. May contain sand and silt.Clayey Silt Major component silt size, with sufficient clay to impart plasticity and considerable

strength when dry.Silty Clay Major component clay, with silt size. Higher degree of plasticity and higher dry strength

than clayey silt.

Field Identification of Materials


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REQUIRED ON ALL FDOTPROJECTS WITH DRILLED

SHAFT FOUNDATIONS

Drilled Shaft Installation Plan

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The Drilled Shaft Installation Plan is a shop drawing describing in detail the Contractor's tools and methods of constructing the drilled shafts. Section 455-15-1.2, Drilled Shaft Installation Plan describes the minimum requirements of the Drilled Shaft Installation Plan. The intent behind having the Contractor submit this item is to cause him to put thought and planning into the project. Normally, contractors want to take a "wait and see" attitude. For most Contractors, that is the extent of their pre-job planning; desiring to rely on flexibility to adjust once on site and the job begins to develop. There are so many unknowns when dealing with subsurface conditions, that the Contractor could benefit himself to pay closer attention to details regarding methods of installation and equipment ahead of time, thereby minimizing some of the unknown factors. A smooth and successful start will usually be carried all the way through the job. As a Drilled Shaft Inspector you must receive a copy of the Contractor's approved Drilled Shaft Installation Plan. You should be familiar with the installation plan well in advance of the start of shaft construction.


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Contractor prepares DrilledShaft Installation Plan

Submits to Engineer, for Reviewat Preconstruction Conference

Changes to Contractorwithin 20 days of receipt

Contractor resubmits toEngineer

Engineer ApprovesPlan

No changes may be madewithout the Engineers approval

Test Shaft

Construction of Shafts

Eng.Review

Review7 Days

Changes Changes

ApprovalApproval

Drilled Shaft Installation Plan


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455-15.1.2 Drilled Shaft Installation Plan: Atthe preconstruction conference submit a drilledshaft installation plan for review by theEngineer. Final approval will be subject tosatisfactory performance. Include in this planthe following details:

455-15.1.2- Drilled Shaft Install. Plan


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455-15.1.2 Drilled Shaft Installation Plan: Continued

1. Name and experience record of drilled shaftsuperintendent or foreman in responsible charge of drilledshaft operations. Ensure the drilled shaft superintendentor foreman in responsible charge of the drilled shaftoperations has a minimum of one year of experience ofinstalling drilled shafts of the size and depth shown in theplans and a minimum of three years experience in theconstruction of drilled shafts using the following methods:

a. Mineral slurry,b. Casings up to the length shown in the plans,c. Shaft drilling operations on water under conditions asshown in the plans.



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2. List and size of proposed equipment, includingcranes, drills, augers, bailing buckets, final cleaningequipment, desanding equipment, slurry pumps, coresampling equipment, tremies or concrete pumps,casings, etc.

3. Details of sequence of construction operations andsequence of shaft construction in bents or shaft groups.

4. Details of shaft excavation methods.

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List of Equipment

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Note:

Rig

Augers

Core Barrels

Buckets


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5. Details of slurry, including proposed methods to mix,circulate, desand, test methods, and proposed testinglaboratory to document test results.

6. Details of proposed methods to clean shaft after initialexcavation.

7. Details of shaft reinforcement, including methods toensure centering/required cover, cage integrity duringplacement, placement procedures, cage support,and tie downs.

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8. Details of concrete placement, including elapsedconcrete placement times and proposed operationalprocedures for concrete tremie or pump, including initialplacement, raising during placement, and overfilling ofthe shaft concrete. Provide provisions to ensure properfinal shaft cutoff elevation.

9. Details of casing removal when removal is required,including minimum concrete head in casing duringremoval.

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Details of Concrete Placement

Note:

Methods

Tremie

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10. Required submittals, including shop drawing andconcrete design mixes.

11. Details of any required load tests, including equipmentand procedures, and recent calibrations for any jacks orload cells.

12. Proposed CSL Specialty Engineer to perform, loganalyze, and report the test results.


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13. Methods and equipment proposed to prevent displacementof casing and/or shafts during placement and compaction of fill.

14. Provide the make and model of the shaft inspection device,if applicable.

15. Details of environmental control procedures used to preventloss of slurry or concrete into waterways or other protectedareas.

16. Proposed schedule for test shaft installation, load tests andproduction shaft installation.

17. Other information shown in the plans or requested by theEngineer.


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18. For drilled shafts for miscellaneous structuresconstructed using polymer slurry, identify the polymerslurry meeting the requirements of Section 455-15.8.2, thepH and viscosity ranges recommended by themanufacturer for the materials to be excavated and adescription of the mixing method to be used. Submit theMaterial Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for the product, andcertifications that the polymer slurry and components meetthe requirements of Section 455-15.8.2. Submit the contactinformation for the manufacturer’s representative availablefor immediate contact during shaft construction and therepresentative’s schedule of availability.


18. For drilled shafts for miscellaneous structures constructed using polymer slurry, identify the polymer slurry meeting the requirements of Section 455-15.8.2, the pH and viscosity ranges recommended by the manufacturer for the materials to be excavated and a description of the mixing method to be used. Submit the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for the product, and certifications that the polymer slurry and components meet the requirements of Section 455-15.8.2. Submit the contact information for the manufacturer’s representative available for immediate contact during shaft construction and the representative’s schedule of availability.


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The Engineer will evaluate the drilled shaft installationplan for conformance with the Contract Documents.Within 20 days after receipt of the plan, the Engineerwill notify the Contractor of any additional informationrequired and/or changes that may be necessary in theopinion of the Engineer to satisfy the ContractDocuments. The Engineer will reject any part of the planthat is unacceptable. Submit changes agreed upon forreevaluation. The Engineer will notify the Contractorwithin seven days after receipt of proposed changes oftheir acceptance or rejection. All equipment andprocedures are subject to trial and satisfactoryperformance in the field. 4-110



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Learning Outcomes

• Locate Plan Sheet Details Related to Drilled Shafts

• Calculate REC % and RQD

• Identify key elements of the Drilled Shaft Installation Plan

• Identify & interpret applicable 455 Specifications


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Questions?

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PLAN EXAMPLES

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