Construction Site Management Training Pack Part 2

© ABB Group April 18, 2023 | Slide 1

Energizing SafetySite Safety Resource part 2 slide pack

GF-SA Sustainability Affairs, 29 January 2009


4 Excavations – Traffic segregation


4 Excavations – Safety barriers


5 Vehicles & Mobile Plant

H&S plan should set out the access routes for all vehicles on site. One way system is preferable if feasible to ensure safe operation

and safe passage for pedestrians. Suitable signage to be provided and speed limit to be defined. All drivers and operators to be medically fit, competent, trained

and tested to a suitable level. Evidence to be provided. All drivers to be authorised and keys to vehicles controlled.



Preventive measures to be taken to avoid the fall of vehicles into excavations or water.

All vehicles and earth moving equipment to be fitted with roll over protection and adequately protected against the weather

All cabs must be kept 1m from any face being excavated.

All earth moving equipment must have all equipment on which safety depends inspected daily e.g. motors, brake, steering gear, chassis, wire ropes etc.



Adequate signalling or other control arrangements should be provided including reversing operations.

A trained and authorised signaller should be provided when the view of the driver is restricted.

When operating in close proximity to live overhead conductors, adequate precautions should be taken e.g. isolation or erection of OH barriers.


6 Working at Height

Ensure that the work is properly planned, risk assessment based and that it is carried out safely

Where it is reasonably practicable avoid carrying out work at height

Where it cannot be avoided select the most appropriate equipment for work to prevent falls

Where possible use permanent access platforms rather than temporary access

Reduce the distance of and potential consequences of any fall

Ensure the work is carried out by trained and competent persons and the work is properly supervised

Ensure third parties are not put at risk


6 Working at Height - Risk Reduction Hierarchy

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should be used as a last resort only after all other control options have been evaluated. Ensure that those who use safety harnesses, lanyards with fall arrestment systems are suitably trained and experienced. Those working at height must be trained in emergency recovery and have emergency rescue kits available


6 Working at Height - Scaffolding

Close boarded to prevent fall of material.

Top rail to be 950mm and intermediate rail to be 470mm.

Toe boards also required

Competent supervision to be in place to ensure proper use.

Load to be evenly distributed and not subject to shock loads and never overloaded.

Workers not to use external scaffolds in weather conditions that might threaten their safety


6 Working at Height - Scaffolding

Scaffolds to be inspected before being taken into use and thereafter e.g. every 7 days and a record kept.

Also after alteration, or if affected by weather or anything that could affect its stability.

Inspection should check on adequacy and fit for purpose and if the materials are of sufficient strength and that the scaffold is stable and the required safeguards are in place.

All scaffolds to be erected, altered or dismantled under the supervision of a competent person.


6 Working at Height - Safety in Use of Ladders

Ladders to be erected with slope of 4:1

Should be placed on firm and level ground and not be displaced

Ladder should not be used as a place of work, it is a means of access.

It should extend 1m above landing level

If greater than 3m they should be secured or footed.

Intermediate landings to be provided where they exceed 9m


6 Working at Height - Scaffold collapse

Investigation revealed:

Design didn’t show adequate information on ties

Contract manager and scaffolder changed this design without checking with design

300 ties were needed only 91 fitted

Ties were defective and scaffolders not trained on how to fix

Main contractor didn’t check design or installation

No scaffold register or weekly inspection

Since incident Main Contractor trained 40 engineers on scaffold inspection and scaffolder carried out company wide re-training


6 Working at Height - Scaffolds


6 Working at Height - Mobile Scaffolds


6 Working at Height - Mobile Scaffolds


6 Working at Height - Mobile ScaffoldsMobile Tower Safety checklist

Item Check

1 Check instructions for erection/dismantle and erect using competent resource

2 Erect on surface that is stable, sound and level

3 Ensure adjustable legs are fully engaged and brakes applied

4 Ensure frame braces are firmly in place

5 Ensure platform within maximum height as stated in the instructions and stabilisers added if required

6 If outdoor use tie to building or other structure where possible

7 Do not sheet towers this adds possible wind loading

8 Do not erect or use mobile towers near to exposed live electrical conductors

9 Do not lean ladders against towers access should be by ladder within the mobile or other suitable means

10 Guard rails and toe boards must be fitted

11 Do not exceed working load for mobile and keep platform tidy

12 Never use adjusting screw to gain extra platform height these are for levelling only

13 The tower should only be moved manually force should be applied to the base section. Ensure working platform clear of personnel and materials when moving

14 Store scaffold material tidily and ensure clean before reuse


6 Working at Height – Mobile Elevated Working Platform (MEWP)

Check list Has the unit been inspected Has an exclusion zone been established Ensure operating conditions are not exceeded e.g. reach, load,

wind speed Ensure ground conditions adequate for use of MEWP To be used by trained operators only If unit to be moved ensure route is clear and ground conditions

safe to use. Beware of fragile covers, overhead power lines Ensure the outriggers safely deployed Do not stand on handrails or climb out of the unit Operator to wear full body harness and lanyard when operating Turn machine off immediately after use


6 Working at Height - Stepladders

Check

Carry out risk assessment to determine suitability

Stepladder materials inspected and in sound condition

Must be stable when opened and standing on a level base

Must be fully opened, all four legs firmly and squarely on the ground

Positioned such that person is facing work

Unless design permits the persons knees should be kept below the top step

The user should not work from the top third unless the steps are designed for this purpose


6 Working at Height - Roof Work

Plan and risk assess the roof work operation make appropriate steps to ensure the workers are safe

Ensure the work is properly supervised

Ensure safe access onto the roof

Ensure edge protection is provided to protect people and materials from falling

Ensure roof openings or fragile areas are securely covered or barriered off

Ensure tools and materials are secured at all times

Ensure people are kept away from the area below the roof


6 Working at Height - Fall arresting

Includes safety nets, air bags etc

Workers to be trained including rescue.

Adequate strength and stability including anchor points.

Adequate clearance including any distortion in the safeguard.

To be provided where guard rails and toe boards are not practicable.


7 Lifting Operations - Cranes

General All lifting equipment should be supplied with instructions for use

and with a test certificate regarding its max Safe Working Load (SWL),

SWL indicators should be fitted to cranes Consider the ground conditions on which the lifting appliance will

be operating. Special bases may be required where the ground is soft.

Outriggers and spreader plates to be deployed SWL load to be marked and for varying SWL then a SWL indicator to be fitted.

Safe working load indicators in use and working.


7 Lifting Operations - Cranes

Safety Checklist General lifting Activities

Item Check

1 Ensure risk assessment and method statement available for lifting

2 Ensure competent people are available to plan, carry out and supervise the lifting work

3 Ensure records of each item involved in the lift have current and valid inspection records

4 Ensure these items are clearly marked with identification numbers and safe working load

5 Ensure method of communicating is agreed in advance

6 Ensure weight of item to be lifted is known

7 Ensure the ground is suitable for equipment and load to be lifted

8 Ensure sling charts , safe working radius charts are being used to plan the lift

9 Ensure correct techniques are being used for attachments and slinging to the item to be lifted

10 Ensure where possible that the angle of the slings does not exceed 90 degrees

11 Ensure slings are protected from sharp edges

12 Avoid doubling up slings

13 Ensure the hook is centrally above the item to be lifted

14 Ensure load is free before lifting

15 Ensure any defective slings are removed from site and responsible person is informed


7 Lifting Operations – Examinations and Tests

All lifting equipment including machines and chains and ropes to be inspected and report issued before first use and after erection, alteration and subsequently at suitable intervals.

Test certificates and examination reports to be available (on site with the crane) specifying the SWL at different radii.


7 Lifting Operations- Mobile Crane ChecklistItem Check

1 Check the crane selected crane has been supplied and it has the correct operating information along with a competent operator

2 Check that the correct and valid inspection paperwork is available for the crane and operator including daily and weekly inspections

3 Check the ground can take the crane outrigger loadings and is as level as possible

4 Ensure protection from live power cables

5 Ensure the area is adequately lit and free from obstruction

6 Ensure a no crush zone behind the crane

7 Ensure there is adequate access for craneage and delivery vehicles

8 Ensure crane operating from planned and agreed location

9 Ensure signaller is available for guiding lift

10 Ensure outriggers (if being used) are fully extended, locked and adequately supported

11 Check the crane is in good condition including tyres

12 Check crane is safe distance from any open excavations

13 Ensure that the lifting attachments on the item being lifted are adequate and have been tested

14 Ensure that the safe load indicator and alarm are working

15 Ensure the lift area is restricted to authorised personnel only. Nobody should be allowed to walk under the suspended load


7 Lifting Operations - Ropes

Only lifting ropes with a known and adequate safe working capacity should be used.

Ropes must be installed, maintained and inspected as per manufacturer’s requirements.

Generally lifting ropes should be inspected at a frequency set down by country laws and regulations. (UK 12 months or if lifting people (man baskets) 6 months

Repaired steel ropes should not be used on hoists.


8 Tools and Machinery

Ensure correct tools or machinery are being used for the job

Ensure all dangerous parts guarded

Ensure guards secured and in good repair

Ensure tools and machinery are in good repair and all safety devices operating correctly

Ensure all operatives are trained and competent

Are electrical tools operating at reduced voltage to reduce risk of death by electrocution


8 Tools and Machinery – Saw benches

Ensure saw has proper guarding, riving and fence safety features

Ensure stop start local and easy to operate

Ensure Safety notices posted in area

Ensure appropriate PPE being worn

Ensure area tidy and segregated from other site operations

Ensure operatives trained in use of machine


9 Electricity

Electrical accidents are caused

Because:

Persons are working on or near equipment which is thought to be dead but in fact is live; or

Because the equipment is known to be live, but those involved are without the requisite training and are not competent therefore, or

They do not have the right equipment and have not applied the appropriate precautions.


H&S plan needs to consider the risk of electrocution in all foreseeable circumstances. This includes:

1. Contact with OH conductors or induced current from them.

2. Contact with buried services.

3. General risks with supplies on site and control.

4. Testing and commissioning activities.

Control of access to site to prevent unauthorised persons.

Suitable warning signs and notices.

9 Electricity


Physical Controls

Disconnect equipment from supply and ensure that the isolator is locked in the OFF position. If a number of people are working on the system then a multiple locking hasp should be used so that each person can apply his personal lock

If isolation has been achieved by removing a fuse then ensure that the fuse is removed and held by the supervisor and that the fuse cabinet is locked and the key retained by the supervisor

A caution/danger notice should be posted on the isolator and also on the conductor to indicate that it is being worked on

All other live circuits in the area should be identified as such.

The circuits to be worked on should be proved as dead by testing. The testing device itself should tested immediately before and after testing

9 Electricity


LOCKOUT & TAGOUT (LOTO) PROCEDURE REQUIREMENT

•Lock all work related switches•Lock all work related powered valves•Put tags on and sign•Test ensure energy isolated•Only the one who locked and tagged can remove it•Remove locks and tags after work

Lockout is a technique used to prevent the release of hazardous energy, or to prevent the hazardous energy from escaping.It is a procedure that protects you from equipment start-up

ELECTRICAL OPERATIONELECTRICAL OPERATION


•Job Safety Analysis (JSA)Job Safety Analysis (JSA)•Permit – to- workPermit – to- work•Proper trainingProper training•Barricade and warning signsBarricade and warning signs•Post warden to ensure no un-Post warden to ensure no un-authorised accessauthorised access•Strictly follow LOTOStrictly follow LOTO

ELECTRICAL OPERATIONELECTRICAL OPERATION

ELECTRICAL WORK SAFETYELECTRICAL WORK SAFETY


Physical Controls

In addition to the above proper designed earthing devices should be applied to the conductors being worked on.

Where there may be adjacent conductors that may be live then additional screening measures will be required to ensure that there is no contact possible.

In the case of HV work (>1000v) safe distances should be established to prevent the risk of arcing.

Risk of induced high voltage to be considered.

9 Electricity


System Controls

The use of a written permit to work linked to the lock off device should be drawn up and issued by the supervisor who should witness the testing of the conductors to ensure that they are dead and that they cannot be made live once work has started, e.g. no possibility of back feed or induced voltages.

On transformers it is important that both sides of the transformer have been isolated and earthed.

Supervisor should check on the work periodically to ensure that there is total compliance with the safety requirements;

Permit must be closed out before conductors are re-energised and only on the orders of a competent person/supervisor after the earthing and short circuiting have been removed.

9 Electricity


Human Controls

The persons who will work on the equipment must be briefed on what is to be done and the precautions to be taken.

They must also be trained for work on the voltage to which they will be exposed;

Workers should comply with ALL the requirements of the permit to work;

The supervisor should be competent in respect of electrical safety at the voltage being worked on.

Operators working on the equipment should also have been trained in appropriate first aid techniques to do with electric shock;

Always follow the ABB 7 Steps

9 Electricity


10 Health - Hazardous Substances

Assess the risks arising to health from the substance to be used in the construction

Decide what precautions are required to carry out the work

You must first try to prevent exposure, where this is not practical adequate controls must be put in place to protect the worker

Ensure the control measures are used and maintained

Monitor the exposure of the worker if necessary

Carry out appropriate health monitoring where your assessment has decided this is necessary or where CoSHH sets specific requirements

Ensure employees are properly informed trained and supervised


Hot processes generating airborne fume e.g. welding

Cold processes generating aerosols e.g. spraying

Dry processes generating airborne dust e.g. dust

Also physical/chemical character of the substance

10 Health – Dust and Fumes


10 Health - Dangerous Atmospheres

Dangerous atmospheres or confined spaces are highly dangerous and are where toxic or harmful gas or fume, or oxygen deficiency may be present. SF6?

Special measures are required to protect against the danger.

Include a permit to enter and an alarm

Tests have been carried out on the atmosphere to ensure it is safe.

Adequate ventilation is provided.

Provision of suitable emergency equipment and procedures.

Presence of flammable liquids or gases introduces an additional hazard.


Toxic &

V Toxic

Harmful Irritant

Corrosive

• Asbestos

• Lead & heavy metals

• PCB’s

• Acids & corrosives

• Contaminated land

• Gases

• Isocyanates

• Explosives

• Flammables

10 Health – Toxic Substances


10 Health - Noise

Assess risk and advise workers

Reduce risk by using less noisy equipment or method

Use acoustic enclosures if practical e.g. site generators

Reduce exposure

Provide hearing protection in accordance with country laws and regulations


Documents

Construction Site Management Training Pack Part 2