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\(l1m WII. (1995). .&.6 . 3. 2~ S.151
633.844 : 632.123
Consumptive use pattern of mustard (Brassica Juncea L)under different soil and climatic environments
A. CII OWD HU RY. II . P. DAS and S. D. G AIKWADM f'/eor% gicn/ Office. Pune
(Received 28 Ju (l' /992. Modified / 2 May /991)
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45 il o llto """ t fu"l~ t <1fht1fm~ ""'"'''' amqy t "'" ili;l ""' i I '" 1'>""""' il "" " "'" ('" i fO;~t ... ""'~ "'''''' t in:R _ aQ1lln ;itr~ r.fa;{WI .. "'l"'"~ '"'" i I '" '{'l'fl ""~ ffr;o( o'l",," ,,,,,,",JOi( ;Q "'. m ."" """" il ",-..I tIil"'" 'I<ol' j;~ tq fO;oT "" """" i 1
ARSTRACT. Musta rd is an important cash crop in nort h Ind ia where it is widely grown under d ifferentclim atic environment and soil rypes. Fn the present study. evapotranspi ration and othe r ugro-metec rologlcaldnt a for four agroclhua tic loca tions. viz; Jorh at. Sa.nakhu nta . Raipur and Jodhpur have been utilized tounders tand consumptive use and related aspects of mus tard . The evapotranspiration values recorded bylysimeters. gluhal radiation and actual soil mois ture dat a of Jorhat and the co mputed soil moistu reha ve been USf'J.
The stud y suggests thnt the musta rd plant uses mo re water at Bli the stations except at humilt loca tionwhere co nsumptive use is least . TIlt' utiliz ation is maximum betwee n 31-60day 5 after so"";na in ca se o fJorlt aland Samakhunta. Th e co mputed soil moisture est imates for 45 em layer agree lolo;t h the actual soil mois ture .The analysis nlso brines out that d uring the seven th wed, nne r sewi ng, the ratio of consumptive use andglobal radia tion attai ns a max imum value. Th is informa tion ca ll be used for determining irrigetion needs andco mput ing enl:rgy balance component' in the crop.
Kl")' '!'t onh - Evapotra nspiratio n. Consumptive use, Irrigat ion. Soil moisture. Rainfall C rop
I. Introductinn
Muslard is an impo rta nt o ilseed crop of the rabiseason in India and occupies first pos ition inacreage and production in the world. It is extensively grown in norlh Indi a wherc it is the moslimporlant ed ible oil a nd mai n cooking medium. IIis also a cash crop. T hc plan t is tall and erect. 90-175em in height. much branc bed a nd self-fertile. IIgrows well in a reas of25-40 em scaso na l rainfall . thecrop ma luri ty ran ges from 81-118 days dependingupon its geno-type. The average yield ranges from5-7 q/h ec. Mustard plant is highly susceptible 10
' white rust" disease and nearly 1/4th of must ardproduction in India is lost due to this pes\. Th e synthesis of oil in grain begins im mcdi ately a fter ovaryis fertili zed. Flavou r of Brassica j U1Icea is due to Ihepresence of 25% erucic acid and 175 micro-molesper gram of glucosinate .
(245)
Incidentally. study of this important cash crophas not received attention it deserves from Iheagricullural scientists. Very few studies seem to havebeen made on its growth and yield variabilit y inrelation to weather conditions.
Yadav and Gupta (1975)studied Indian mustarddata of Ludhiana and observed th at with 55 mmseaso nal rainfall , Ihe crop responds well to oneirriga tion 3 weeks after sowing. Sinha (1991) studiedva rieta l performance in different soil conditionsand detennined ability of mus tard for tolerance tosoil salinity. Chakraborty et 01. (1991) found ",iderrow spacing result in reduced dry matter accumulation significantly, than the narrow ones. ArvindKumar eI 01. (1992) found that water use rate byl alshakti variety of mustard was highest. during106-130 days after sowing. In the present study anattempt bas been made to detennine variability in