Container Recycling Institute by Susan Collins

Rise Above Plas-cs

Beverage Container Li.er and Recycling

Susan V. Collins Container Recycling Ins-tute

October 20, 2012

Container Recycling Ins1tute:

Striving to make North America a global model for the collec1on and quality recycling of packaging materials.

What is Li)er? Any waste product that has been disposed of improperly,

without consent or in an inappropriate loca1on

How Stuff Becomes Li)er

•  Wind •  Full receptacles •  Carelessness

Who Li)ers?

•  Mostly male •  Urban •  Younger (18-‐34) •  Employed outside the home •  Predominantly single

Encorp Pacific 2011

California Residents Cluster Into Four DisRnct Groups Which Vary In Their AWtudes Toward Recycling

Socially Responsible

Redemp-on Valuers

Backsliders

Personal Priori-es

41%

23%

15%

21%

Lieberman Research Worldwide 2006

Hispanic Speaking Residents Would Benefit Most from Increased Educa-on and

Engagement

•  Types of containers to recycle •  Container Deposit Program

•  Methods of recycling available

Beverage Li)er is Preventable!

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500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

(tho

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Sold Wasted

PET Bo)le Sales and WasRng in the U.S., 1991-‐2009

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

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1991

1992

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1994

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1996

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1998

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2002

% o

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ion

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ates

© Container Recycling Institute, 2006

U.S. Access to Curbside Recycling vs. Recycling Rates for 3 Container Types, 1990-‐2002

Aluminum can recycling rate

PET recycling rate

Glass recycling rate

U.S. Curbside Access

Container Recycling InsRtute © 2009 11

SoluRon: Place a mandatory deposit on beverage containers to provide an incenRve to recycle and a disincenRve to li)er.


Why Beverage Containers? •  Consumed on the go! (Industry esRmates that one third of all soa drinks sold are consumed away from home!)

•  Comprise significant volume in the waste stream.

•  Consume large amounts of energy in the manufacturing process.

•  Significant greenhouse gas emissions can be avoided by recycling beverage containers rather than manufacturing new ones.

GHG Emissions from the Manufacture of Selected Materials (lbs of CO2e per unit)

ALUMINUM CANS (based on 68,2420 cans/ton)

GHG Emissions from the Manufacture of Selected Materials (lbs of CO2e per unit)

ALUMINUM CANS (based on 68,420 cans/ton)

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

41% 51% 61% 71%

Recycled-Content Levels

Lbs

of C

O2e

per

uni

t

§  Requires distributors and retailers to collect a minimum refundable deposit, usually 5-‐10 cents on certain beverage containers

§  Creates a privately-‐funded collecRon infrastructure for beverage containers

§  Makes producers and consumers responsible for their packaging waste


What is a “Bo)le Bill”?


U.S. States with Container Deposit Laws

50% of all beverage containers

recycled in the U.S. come

from these 10 states

Container Recycling Institute © 2010 16

Quebec

British Columbia

Newfoundland

Nova Scotia

Ontario

Alberta

New Brunswick

Saskatchewan

Prince Edward Island

Yukon

Canadian Provinces with CDL

Worldwide Trend Toward New and Expanded Beverage Container Deposit Laws (Since 2000) §  Total of 45 programs worldwide §  NEW! Germany, Hawaii, the Northern Territory of Australia, Guam, Estonia, CroaRa, Fiji and Turks and Caicos

§  Now 6 states have expanded laws (CA, OR, HI, CT, NY and ME)

§  OR, NY and CT Expanded in 2009 (water) §  Ontario expanded in 2007 (wine, liquor); Alberta added milk in 2009

Container Recycling Institute © 2009 18

Container Deposit Return Programs Result in Higher Beverage Container Recycling Rates

Average Beverage Container Recycling Rates (By Weight)

Source: CRI’s 2008 Beverage Market Data Analysis (using 2006 data)

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

11 deposit states 39 non-‐deposit states

Aluminum cans

PET plasRc bo)les

Glass bo)les

Total, 3 materials

Recovery Rates

§  California: 82% (includes curbside) §  OR: 84% for deposit containers; 37% for non-‐deposit containers (2005)

§  HI: 76% for 2010/11 §  Range from 67% in NY (2007) to 97% in MI (10 cent deposit)


Bo)le Bills Reduce Li)er State Beverage Container

Litter Reduced Total Litter Reduced

NY 70 - 80% 30% OR 83% 47% VT 76% 35% ME 69 - 77% 35 - 56% MI 80% 38% IA 77% 38%

Source: “Trade-offs Involved in Beverage Container Deposit Legislation”, US GAO, 1990.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

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2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

2005: Hawaii’s CDL program introduced

Pe

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Source: Ocean Conservancy InternaRonal Coastal Cleanup, 2003 -‐ 2010

0

2

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2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

2008: 60% reducRon three years aaer implementaRon!

Percentage

Source: Ocean Conservancy InternaRonal Coastal Cleanup, 2003 -‐ 2010

ALUMINUM ALLIES

Aluminum AssociaRon: Goal of 75% by 2015 “Container deposit programs are a proven,

sustainable method of capturing beverage

cans for recycling. States that have deposit

programs have the highest can recycling

rates, on average at 74% or higher, while the

recycling rate in non-‐deposit states is around

38%.” (November, 2008)

Can Do!

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is an environmental policy approach in which a producer’s responsibility for a product is extended to the post-‐consumer stage of a product’s life cycle. There are two related features of EPR policy: (1) the shiaing of responsibility (physically and/or economically; fully or parRally) upstream toward the producer and away from municipaliRes, and (2) to provide incenRves to producers to incorporate environmental consideraRons in the design of their products. While other policy instruments tend to target a single point in the chain, EPR seeks to integrate signals related to the environmental characterisRcs of products and producRon processes throughout the product chain.

OECD EPR Definition

PlasRc (and/or Paper) Bag Laws

§  Form: ban, fees, taxes § Worldwide – trend of rapid expansion §  45-‐50 CiRes in California have passed bans or fees

§  Bans and fees result in dramaRc reducRon in bag use

EPR for Packaging Laws

§  Total of 40+ programs worldwide §  European laws address packaging §  4 laws in Canadian provinces address packaging and printed paper

•  BriRsh Columbia law pending implementaRon •  1 bill was introduced in U.S., in Vermont, but did not pass

Canada’s EPR System

see inset

© StewardEdge, July 2010

white-‐washed symbols mean program proposed or under consideraRon

full-‐colour symbols mean program in-‐place or pending

Funded by a grant from the Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle)

North American Product Stewardship Councils (9/10)

Texas

Utah

Montana

California

Arizona

Idaho

Nevada

Oregon

Iowa

Colorado Kansas

Wyoming

New Mexico

Missouri

Nebraska

Oklahoma

South Dakota

Washington

Arkansas

North Dakota

Louisiana Hawaii

Illinois Ohio

Florida

Georgia Alabama

Virginia Indiana

Mississippi

Kentucky Tennessee

Pennsylvania

North Carolina

South Carolina

West Virginia

New Jersey

Maine

New York

Maryland

New Hampshire Connecticut

Delaware

Massachusetts Rhode Island

British Columbia

Northwest

California

New York

Nova Sco-a

Bri-sh Columbia

Midwest

Texas

Minnesota Wisconsin

Michigan

© 2009 by the Product Policy InsRtute

Vermont

Permission for use of illustraRon granted by Product Policy InsRtute

Connec-cut

Product Waste Skyrockets

0

50

100

150

200

250

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Million To

ns Per Year

TOTAL

Products

Mineral

Food & Yard

EPA data from a report by the Product Policy InsRtute (PPI), Unintended Consequences: Municipal Solid Waste and the Throwaway Society. Permission for use of illustraRon granted by PPI.


Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Defined*

“Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), otherwise known as Product Stewardship, is the extension of the responsibility of producers, and all enRRes involved in the product chain, to reduce the cradle-‐to-‐cradle impacts of a product and its packaging; the primary responsibility lies with the producer, or brand owner, who makes design and markeRng decisions.” * Source: CalRecycle


Packaging Recycling Collection System

(Photos from Germany)

•  In a private residence, kitchen separaRon •  NoRce yellow is color coordinated to match recyclables at point of collecRon

•  This is outside a small collecRon of private residences •  Yellow bags are from yellow kitchen container •  Yellow bags are piled full of recyclables (see next picture) •  Following pictures show close up of each of the container types in this picture

•  Yellow bags contain recyclables •  Large mulR-‐family complexes use yellow bins

•  “Only paper”

•  Bio and organic waste only

•  Disposed garbage

MulR-‐Family Complex

•  Following pictures are from a large high-‐rise MulR-‐Family Complex

•  LocaRon: East Berlin •  January 2009

•  Sign in front of bin area •  “Proper throwing away saves money” •  Six different source separated containers •  Paper, recyclables, white glass, green/brown glass, bio/organic waste,

disposed garbage

•  Birds eye view of MFD bin area

•  View inside of bin area. •  In larger MulR-‐Family complexes, use of yellow bins

instead of plasRc bags like in previous picture at the smaller residence in Rendsburg

Beverage Buy Back Center

•  Rendsburg, Germany

•  This is inside a private residence near the kitchen •  Furniture to hold crates with bo)les inside •  Kept unRl “bulk trip” made to the buyback center to receive back

deposit on both the bo)les and crates

•  Buyback center where crates are delivered and bo)les redeemed at RVM’s

•  More crates at buyback center

•  Igloos for collecRon of color-‐sorted glass

Thank you! Susan V. Collins

scollins@container-‐recycling.org 310-‐559-‐7451

Just type in: Container Recycling Institute!

Visit us at… www. container-‐recycling.org

www.bottlebill.org (310) 559-‐7451

Documents

Container Recycling Institute by Susan Collins