CONTAINERIZATION AND PALLETIZATION IN RAIL

TRANSPORT

CONTAINERIZATION

Containers are the generic carriers of goods which can be loaded onto any vehicle or type or transport which provide the standard option when transporting goods or material over longer distances

CONTAINERIZATION

Containers have been standardized in terms of capacity, material and size for ease of use and handling.

This standardization of containers expedite customs officials inspect and clear goods for

CONTAINERIZATION

There are ISO standards as to the size and weight of containers, and this standard is defined in accordance with the type of transportation being used to ship the containers

CONTAINERIZATIONThere are five types of standard containers. -These are measures in TEU (twenty foot equivalents- that is, the equivalent capacity of a standard 20 foot or 20 foot high-cube / half height container).

-For example, the maximum gross mass for a 20 foot cargo container is 30,480 kg, and 34,000 kg for a 40 foot container.

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CONTAINERIZATIONThe five standard container types are;-20 foot-40 foot-45 foot-48 foot-53 foot and include the variants such as high-cube and half height container types

CONTAINERIZATION40 foot high-cube container

CONTAINERIZATION20 foot half height container

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATIONKTM Berhad has made large investments in the acquisition of wagons and at present they can carry a total of 3,500 TEUs of cargo at a time.

KTM Berhad carries only ISO standard containers.

CONTAINERIZATIONKTM Berhad has made large investments in the acquisition of wagons and at present they can carry a total of 3,500 TEUs of cargo at a time. -KTM Berhad carries only ISO standard containers.-High cube 40-feet containers are currently carried between Singapore/Pasir Gudang – Ipoh and Prai – Padang Besar only.

CONTAINERIZATIONThe container train service plies the route between the nation’s four rail-connected ports (Butterworth, Port Klang, Pasir Gudang and Tanjung Pelepas) and Inland Stations / Inland Clearance Depots. -Daily services are also available from both Butterworth and Port Klang to Malaysia's first Inland/ Dry Port in Ipoh. .

CONTAINERIZATIONAs for intermodalism, KTM Berhad also operates Container Depots through its wholly-owned subsidiary. Multimodal Freight is Sdn.Bhd. It’s also licensed to haul containers by road.

-KTM Berhad had provided an efficient intermodal door-to-door service for its rail-hauled containers.. .

CONTAINERIZATIONKTM manages its own Container Depots at Padang Besar, Butterworth, Port Klang and Pasir Gudang. KTM Berhad has also established connections with other container terminals by having rail links to their depots. The terminals include:1) Prai ( Kontena Nasional and Konsortium Perkapalan Inland Container Depot)2) Ipoh ( Ipoh Container Terminal / Dry Port )3) Segamat ( Segamat Inland Port ) 4) Pasir Gudang Container Yard5) Singapore (to PSA through an independent Road Haulier)6) Padang Besar Container Yard.

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATIONKTM Berhad’s Landbridge Services kicked off on June 13, 1999 when a trainload of containers made its way from Sri Setia, Selangor to Bangsue, Thailand. -The event marked a new era in the rail transport industry in the Asean region.-The service was seen as not only a smart partnership between KTM Berhad and road transport operators, as well as vessel operators and freight forwarders, but also as a way to enhance bilateral transport ties between KTM Berhad and State Railway of Thailand (SRT).

CONTAINERIZATIONThe International Landbridge Freight Services is testimony of KTM Berhad’s commitment towards the setting up of the Trans-Asia Rail Link, the proposed connection that has the potential to strengthen and enhance trade between Asean and China. -KTM Berhad is currently operating 28 services weekly between Port Klang - Bangkok - Port Klang, Singapore - Bangkok - Singapore, Singapore - Surat Thani - Singapore and Port Klang - Hatyai - Port Klang.

CONTAINERIZATIONMoving capacity through the service, a total of 54 TEUs of 20-feet equivalent units of cargo can be moved per trip, with an average of 1,500 TEUs weekly. -Cargoes normally transported using this service include steel, chemical, gypsum boards, machinery, electronic products and consumer goods.

CONTAINERIZATIONThe Advantages of Landbridge Services-Shorter travelling time – e.g. 60 hours travel time via rail is equivalent to five to seven days by sea and three to four days by road-No transfer required at border, thus preventing pilferage and double handling-Cost effective transportation method - i.e. freight rates are cheaper by 15% to 30% for shippers from Penang, Ipoh and Port Klang-Security guaranteed – container uses only one seal for the whole journey as seal inspection is done jointly by Malaysian and Thai Customs

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATION-Horizontal marking which additionally includes country, size and type codes (in accordance with the 1985 version of DIN ISO 6346)

-Appropriate abbreviations are used for the various countries, here US for United States of America, GB for Great Britain etc.

CONTAINERIZATION-The first digit of the size code indicates the length of the container, with the number 4 standing for a 40' container. -The second digit indicates height and whether or not a gooseneck tunnel is present. In our example, the number 3 stands for a height of 8 foot 6 inches (8'6") with gooseneck tunnel.

CONTAINERIZATION-The first digit of the type code indicates container type. Here 1 means that the container is a closed container with ventilation openings.

-The second digit of the type code relates to special features. The 0 used here means opening at the end.

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATIONThe world's containers are primarily owned by two types of companies: -ocean container carriers -container leasing companies.

The leasing companies manufacture the steel box or purchase it from container manufacturers, and then lease it to shipping and transport companies.

CONTAINERIZATIONThe shipping and transport companies own and operate approximately 33% of 20ft and 66% of 40 ft containers.

Figure: World Container Fleet by Main Owner (thousands of TEUs)

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATION

-Mediterranean Shipping Co.

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATIONThe top five container leasing companies in terms of fleet holding are: -Transamerica Leasing-GESeaCo -Textainer-Group Triton Container International-Interpool Group

CONTAINERIZATION

CONTAINERIZATION

PALLETIZATIONPalletizationMethod of storing and transporting goods on a pallet and shipped as a unit load.

It permits standardize ways of handling load with the use of standard mechanical equipment such as the fork lift.

PALLETIZATION

PALLETIZATION

PALLETIZATION USAGE

FORKS LIFT

FORK LIFT WORKING