CONTAMINATED SOILS,SEDIMENTS AND WATER:

Science in the Real WorldVolume 9

CONTAMINATED SOILS,SEDIMENTS AND WATER:

Science in the Real WorldVolume 9

Edited by

Edward J. CalabresePaul T. KosteckiJames Dragun

Springer

eBook ISBN: 0-387-23079-3Print ISBN: 0-387-23036-X

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Contents

Foreword

Contributing Authors

Acknowledgments

About the Editors

Part I: BioremediationEFFECT OF BACTERIA AUGMENTATION ON AROMATIC AND

ASPHALTENIC FRACTION REMOVAL IN SOLID CULTURE

E. CERVANTES-GONZALEZ, L.I. ROJAS-AVELIZAPA, R. CRUZ-CAMARILLO

AND N. G. ROJAS-AVELIZAPA

BIODEGRADATION OF PAHS IN SOIL BY TWO DEUTEROMYCETE FUNGI

A.R. CLEMENTE; L.R. DURRANT

BIODEGRADATION OF DIURON AND PYRUTHIOBAC-SODIUM BY

WHITE-ROT AND SOIL FUNGI

ROSE M.A. GONDIM-TOMAZ, TELMA T. FRANCO AND LUCIA R. DURRANT

DESIGN CHALLENGES FOR LARGE SCALE SULFATEREDUCING BIOREACTORSJAMES J. GUSEK, P.E.

1.

2.

3.

4.

xi

xiii

xix

xxiii

1

13

21

33

vi Contaminated Soils

IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATION OF A CHLORINATED SOLVENT RESIDUAL

SOURCE IN UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTS AND BEDROCK USING

BIOAUGMENTATION

ALLEN KANE, JIM VIDUMSKY, DAVID W. MAJOR, NICHOLAS B. BAUER

BIOREMEDIATION OF A RAILROAD DIESEL FUEL SPILL INPALMER, MASSACHUSETTSTODD D. KIRTON, PAUL G. BEAULIEU

ENHANCED REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION – A BROADERPERSPECTIVEDENICE K. NELSON, FREDERICK C. PAYNE, SUTHAN S. SUTHERSAN

COMPARISON OF DINITROTOLUENE DEGRADATION BY A MIXED

CULTURE IN AQUEOUS BATCH SYSTEM

JAN PACA, JIRI BARTA, AND RAKESH BAJPAI

SUBSTRATE VERSATILITY STUDIES ON THE AEROBICDEGRADATION OF BTX COMPOUNDSELDON R. RENE, SHIHABUDHEEN M. MALIYEKKAL, LIGY PHILIP, AND T.SWAMINATHAN

BIOREMEDIATION OF PERCHLORATE AND EXPLOSIVES INGROUNDWATERKATHERINE R. WEEKS, SCOTT C. VEENSTRA, MR. DAVID L. HILL

Part II: Chemical OxidationAPPLICATION OF IN-SITU OXIDATION (ISCO) AT A SITE WITH MULTIPLE

DIVERSE HYDROGEOLOGIC SETTINGS

RAYMOND CADORETTE, DAVID WALKER, LAWRENCE NESBITT

A COST-EFFECTIVE DECISION: ACCELERATED CLEANUPUSING PERMANGANATEELIZABETH RASMUSSEN, RICHARD W. LEWIS, ROBERT LUHRS, TIMOTHY

PAC, AND RONALD C. SLAGER

Part III: Heavy MetalsHEAVY METAL CONTENT OF SOILS IN THE KARSTIC AREA OF

NORTH HUNGARYRITA KASZALA, PROF. DR. ILONA BARANY-KEVEI

5.

6.

7.

8.

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45

57

69

91

105

123

135

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167

Contents vii

MITIGATION OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE AND OTHER CONTAMINATION IN

THE PRINCE WILLIAM FOREST NATIONAL PARK IN NORTHERN

VIRGINIA

MICHAEL KOMALOWSKI, DOUGLAS MOSE AND GEORGE MUSHRUSH 175

SORPTION, DESORPTION AND LEACHING TRANSPORT OFHEAVY METALS IN SOILS COMMON TO NEW ENGLANDALTON DAY STONE JAMES C. O’SHAUGHNESSY, PH.D. 189

SORPTION OF ZINC IN BENTONITE, ILLITE AND KAOLIN CLAYUSING COLUMN LEACHING TESTSMARIA ANTONIA TANCHULING, MOHAMMOD RUHUL AMIN KHAN AND

OSAMU KUSAKABE 251

PASSIVE DIFFUSION SAMPLING FOR METALSJOHN TUNKS, JOHN HICKS PARSONS, RAFAEL VAZQUEZ, DON VROBLESKY

265

BACKGROUND STUDY OF ARSENIC CONCENTRATIONS AT ARHODE ISLAND SITESTEPHEN G. ZEMBA, EDMUND A.C. CROUCH, SHAILESH R. SAHAY, EIRLYSS

VANDERHOFF, AND AMBROSE DONOVAN 287

Part IV: MTBEHIPOX ADVANCED OXIDATION OF TBA AND MTBE IN GROUNDWATER

REID H. BOWMAN, PH.D

ENHANCED NATURAL ATTENUATION OF MTBE & BENZENE AT A LOW

PERMEABILITY SITE USING ISOC TECHNOLOGY

WALTER S. MULICA, NICK MATHIS, JAMES F. BEGLEY

Part V: PhytoremediationPHYTOREMEDIATION OF ZINC AND LEAD CONTAMINATEDSOILS USING MIRABILIS JALAPAALESSANDRA CARUCCI, ALESSIA CAO, GIUSEPPE FOIS, ALDO MUNTONI

LIGNINOLYTIC ENZYMES AND PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS FOLLOWING

GROWTH OF STRAINS OF PLEUROTUS IN MSWI FLY ASH

CONTAMINATED WITH PCCD/Fs

M. F. DOS REIS- GORNY AND L.R. DURRANT

299

315

329

339

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

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viii Contaminated Soils

ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS BY JAPANESE WEEDSAND THEIR SEASONAL MOVEMENTRYUJI TAKEDA; NORIYOSHI; SADAYOSHI MATSUMOTO; SADAO

KOMEMUSHI; AKIYOSHI SAWABE

Part VI: RadiationCORRELATION TEST BETWEEN INDOOR RADON ANDSURFICIAL GAMMA RADIATION IN NORTHERN VIRGINIAGEORGE SAIWAY, GEORGE MUSHRUSH AND DOUGLAS MOSE

REDUCTION OF RADON IN MUNICIPAL WELLS IN VIRGINIAAND MARYLANDFIORELLA SIMONI, GEORGE MUSHRUSH AND DOUGLAS MOSE

Part VII: Regulatory/LegalAN OVERVIEW OF STATE PROGRAMS TO INVESTIGATE ANDREMEDIATE CONTAMINATED DRY CLEANER SITESSTEVE GOINS AND DALE TRIPPLER

PCBS IN THE DELAWARE: A THIRTY-ONE- YEAR TECHNICALAND LEGAL ODYSSEYITZCHAK E. KORNFELD, ESQUIRE

EXPERT OPINIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL LITIGATIONGATEKEEPING 10 YEARS AFTER DAUBERTDAVID G. RIES AND ROBERT L. BURNS, JR., ESQUIRE

Part VIII: RemediationEVALUATION OF TWO ORGANOCLAYS, CLINOPTILOLITE,AND HYDROXY-APATITE AS SORBENTS FOR HEAVY METALREMOVAL FROM WATERGEORGE R. ALTHER, FRED D. TILLMAN, JR. AND JAMES A. SMITH

EX-SITU TREATMENT OF DENSE NON-AQUEOUS PHASELIQUIDS USING CALCIUM OXIDE (QUICK LIME)WM. GORDON DEAN

NAPL CONTAINMENT USING IN SITU SOLIDIFICATIONJAMES R. GREACEN AND EDWARD J. WALSH

23.

24.

25.

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27.

28.

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30.

31.

349

361

375

393

403

433

457

469

477

Contents ix

ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION AND BIOTRANSFORMATIONUSING EMULSIFIED EDIBLE OILSM. TONY LIEBERMAN, NICHOLAS L. LINDOW, DR. ROBERT C. BORDEN,

AND GARY M. BIRK

Part IX: Risk Based CleanupA REVIEW OF FUZZY SET THEORETIC APPROACHES ANDTHEIR APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICEVENKATESH UDDAMERI

RISK-BASED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND INNOVATIVEREMEDIES FOR SURFACE WATER PROTECTION: A CASESTUDYS. GRANT WATKINS, P.G.; KRISTIN DUROCHER WANDLAND; BRIAN RAY

Part X: Site AssessmentAPPLICATION OF PASSIVE VAPOR DIFFUSION SAMPLERS ATENGLAND AIR FORCE BASE, LOUISIANATOM DRAGOO, JOHN HICKS, DON VROBLESKY, AND RAFAEL VAZQUEZ

ULTRA-FAST FIELD GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR SITECHARACTERIZATION AND FIELD MONITORINGMICHAEL A MARANDO

GEOSTATISTICAL MODELING AND MAPPING OF SEDIMENTCONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONSKANDIAH RAMANITHARAN, LAURA J STEINBERG, GERHARD PIRINGER

A PASSIVE DIFFUSION BAG SAMPLER DEMONSTRATION ATMULTIPLE US DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE INSTALLATIONSJOHN TUNKS, JOHN HICKS, JAVIER SANTILLAN, RAFAEL VAZQUEZ

Index

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485

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553

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Foreword

Increasingly in the environmental industry we are reminded how muchwe are part of the real world. Global economic pressures, geopoliticaluncertainty, business ethics, and other world dynamics exert enormouspressure on our academic, industrial, governmental or consulting workvenues. Yet, often these pressures have challenged us to produce scientificand engineering solutions that are more focused, cost-effective and readilyimplementable. The environmental remediation industry in general--and thegreater UMASS Soils Conference community in particular--has respondedwell.

Perhaps the growing alliance movement in business today is a signpostfor another important opportunity. All around us we see companies forgingalliances and partnerships to improve performance, streamline the time andreduce the costs of getting their important work or commerce done, andensure their viability. Such collaborations enable entities to focus on whatthey do best and rely on others to do the same. Such collaborations buildtrust and encourage more strategic thinking. However, sometimes thesynergistic benefits from such creative partnerships is not immediatelyapparent.

This is not the case with us. The UMASS Soils Conference presents uswith a unique opportunity for scientific and engineering collaboration—andprogress on remediation. When scientists, engineers, environmentalconsultants, industry and regulators focus on what they do best and bring acollaborative mindset, good things happen.

xii Contaminated Soils

Contaminated Soils Volume 9 contains 38 technical papers, covering awide range of environmental issues presented at the AnnualContaminated Soils Conference, University of Massachusetts, Amherst,October 2003. Volume discussion includes: Part I Bioremediation; Part IIChemical Oxidation; Part III Heavy Metals; Part IV MTBE; Part VPhytoremediation; Part VI Radiation; Part VII Regulatory and Legal issues;Part VIII Remediation; Part IX Risk Based Cleanup; and Part X SiteAssessment.

The environmental investigation and restoration papers presented hererepresent platform speakers and poster sessions. The authors whocontributed to this volume are from government agencies, academicinstitutions, the consulting community and industrial companies. Thisimportant volume documents the state of environmental science andprovides perspective on where we as an industry have come from. Increasedscientific, engineering and consulting alliances and collaboration shoulddrive our efforts going forward.

Christopher B. MitchellENSR InternationalWestford, Massachusetts

Contributing Authors

George R. Alther, Biomin, Inc., P.O. Box 20028, Farndale, MI 48220Rakesh Bajpai, University of Missouri, Dept of Chemical Engineering,

Columbia, MO 65211Jiri Barta, Institute of Chemical Technology, Dept of Fermentation

Chemistry and Bioengineering, Technicka 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, CzechRepublic

Nicholas Bauer, Saltire Industrial, Inc., 12030 Sunrise Valley Drive, Ste300, Reston, VA 20190

Paul G. Beaulieu, Tighe & Bond Consulting Engineers, 53 SouthamptonRoad, Westfield, MA 01085

James F. Begley, MT Environmental Restoration, 24 Bay View Avenue,Plymouth, MA 02360

Gary M. Birk, P.E., EOS Remediation, Inc., 3722 benson Drive, Raleigh,NC 27609

Reid H. Bowman, Ph.D., Applied Process Technology, Inc., 3333 VincentRoad, Suite 222, Pleasant Hill, CA 94523

Robert L. Burns, Jr., Esq., Thorp Reed & Armstrong, LLP, One OxfordCentre, 301 Grant Street 14th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15219

Raymond Cadorette, Shaw Environmental, 88C Elm Street, Hopkington,MA 01748

Alessia Cao, DIGITA, Dept. of Geoengineering and EnvironmentalTechnologies, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy

Alessandra Carucci, Professor, DIGITA, Dept. of Geoengineering andEnvironmental Technologies, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi,09123 Cagliari, Italy

E. Cervantes-Gonzalez, National School of Biological Sciences, Carpio YPlan de Ayala S/N Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, ZP 11340 Mexico City,Mexico

A.R. Clemente, Campinas State University, Food Science Dept, FoodEngineering Faculty, Campinas- SP, Brazil

xiv Contaminated Soils

Edmund Crouch, Cambridge Environmental Inc., 58 Charles Street,Cambridge, MA 02141

R. Cruz-Camarillo, National School of Biological Sciences, Carpio Y Plande Ayala S/N Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, ZP 11340 Mexico City,Mexico

Wm. Gordon Dean, PE, WRS Infrastructure & Environment, Inc., 625 E.Tennessee Street, Suite 100, Tallahassee, FL 32308

Ambrose Donovan, McPhail Associates, 30 Norfolk Street, Cambridge,MA 02139

M.F. Dos Reis- Gorny, Campinas State University, Food ScienceDepartment, Food Engineering Faculty, Campinas-SP, Brazil

Tom Dragoo, Parsons, 1700 Broadway, Ste. 900, Denver, CO 80290L. R. Durrant, Campinas State University, Food Science Dept, Food

Engineering Faculty, Campinas- SP, BrazilStephen Finn, Golder Associates, 1951 Old Cuthbert Rd., Ste 301, Cherry

Hill, NJ 08034Giuseppe Fois, Botanical Garden, Department of Botanical Sciences,

University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 11, 09123 Cagliari,Italy

T.T. Franco, Campinas State University, Food Science Dept, FoodEngineering Faculty, Campinas -SP, Brazil

Steve Goins, Tennessee Div of Superfund, 4th Floor LNC Annex, 401Church Street, Nashville, TN 37243-1538

R.M.A. Gondim-Tomaz, Campinas State University, Food Science Dept,Food Engineering Faculty, Campinas -SP, Brazil

James R. Greacen, The RETEC Group, Inc., 300 Baker Avenue, Suite 302,Concord, MA 01742

James J. Gusek, P.E., Golder Associates, Inc., 44 Union Blvd #300,Lakewood, CO 80228

John Hicks, Parsons, 1700 Broadway, Ste. 900, Denver, CO 80290David Hill, Remediation Specialist, National Guard Bureau, Groundwater

Program at Camp Edwards, P.B. 565, 567 West Outer Road, , CampEdwards, MA 02542

Allen Kane, Golder Associates, 1951 Old Cuthbert Rd., Ste 301, CherryHill, NJ 08034

Rita Kaszala, University of Szeged, Dept of Climatology and LandscapeEcology, PO Box 653, 6701 Szeged, Hungary

Ilona Kevel-Barany, University of Szeged, Dept of Climatology andLandscape Ecology, PO Box 653, 6701 Szeged, Hungary

Mohammod Ruhul Amin Khan, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1Ookayama Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan

Todd D. Kirton, Tighe & Bond Consulting Engineers, 53 SouthamptonRoad, Westfield, MA 01085

Michael Komelasky, George Mason University, Chemistry Dept, Fairfax,VA 22030

Sadao Komemushi, Kinki University, Dept of Agricultural Chemistry,Faculty of Agriculture, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8508, Japan

Itzchak E. Kornfeld, Oayses Environmental Systems, 16 Easyt RoumfortRoad, Philadelphia, PA 19119-1618

Contributing Authors xv

M. Kuchanur, Texas A&M University - Kingsville, Dept of EnvironmentalEngineering, MSC 213, Kingsville, TX 78363

Osamu Kusakabe, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama,Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan

Richard Lewis, CPG, Program Manager, ERM, 2 Commercial Drive,Sharon, MA 02067

M. Tony Lieberman, RSM, Solutions Industrial & Environmental Services,Inc., 3722 Benson Drive, Raleigh, NC 27609

Joy Lozano, Booz Allen & Hamilton, 700 North St. Mary’s St., Ste. 700,San Antonia, TX 78205

Robert Luhrs, LSP, Raytheon Company, 141 Spring Street, Mail Stop 1-2-303, Lexington, MA 02173

David Major, GeoSyntec Consultants, 160 Research LaneSte.206, Guelph,Ontario, Canada, N1G 5B2

Shihabudheen M Maliyekkal, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Deptof Civil Engineering, Chennai, 600 036, India

Michael A. Marando, GEI Consultants, Inc., 1021 Main Street, Winchester,MA 01890

Nick Mathis, O&G Environmental, Inc., Englewood, CO 80112Sadayoshi Matsumoto, Kinki University, Dept of Agricultural Chemistry,

Faculty of Agriculture, 3327-204 Nakamachi, , Nara, 631-8508, JapanDouglas Mose, George Mason University, Chemistry Dept, Fairfax, VA

22030Walter S. Mulica, Global Technologies, Inc., 4808 Westridge Drive, Fort

Collins, CO 80526Aldo Muntoni, Professor, DIGITA, Dept. of Geoengineering and

Environmental Technologies, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi,09123 Cagliari, Italy

George Mushrush, George Mason University, Chemistry Dept, Fairfax, VA22030

Denice Nelson, ARCADIS G&M, 420 North Fifth Street, Suite 1035,Minneapolis, MN 55401

Lawrence Nesbitt, Shaw Environmental, 88C Elm Street, Hopkington, MA01748

James C. O’Shaughnessy, Ph.D., PE, Worcester Polytechnical Institute,100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609

Timothy Pac, CPG, Sr. Project Manager, ERM, 2 Commercial Drive,Sharon, MA 02067

Jan Paca, Institute of Chemical Technology, Dept of FermentationChemistry and Bioengineering, Technicka 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, CzechRepublic

Frederick Payne, ARCADIS G&M, 25200 Telegraph Road, Southfield, MI48034

Ligy Philip, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Dept of CivilEngineering, Chennai, 600 036, India

Kandiah Ramanitharan, Tulane University, River Water Quality &Contaminated Sediments Research Group, Department of Civil &Environmental Engineering, Walter E. Blessey Hall, New Orleans, LA70118

xvi Contaminated Soils

Elizabeth Rasmussen, P.E., Sr. Engineer, Raytheon Company, 528 BostonPost Road, Mail Stop 1880, Sudbury, MA 01776

Brian Ray, ENSR Corporation, 7041 Old Wake Forest Road, Suite 103,Raleigh, NC 27616

Eldon R. Rene, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Dept of ChemicalEngineering, Chennai, 600 036, India

David G. Ries, Esq., Thorp Reed & Armstrong, LLP, One Oxford Centre,301 Grant Street 14th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15219

L.I. Rojas-Avelizapa, National School of Biological Sciences, Carpio YPlan de Ayala S/N Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, ZP 11340 Mexico City,Mexico

N.G. Rojas-Avelizapa, Mexican Institute of Petroleum, Program ofPetroleum Biotechnology, Eje Central Lazaro Cardenas 152, Mexico City,Mexico 07730

Shailesh Sahay, Cambridge Environmental Inc., 58 Charles Street,Cambridge, MA 02141

George Saiway, George Mason University, Chemistry Dept, Fairfax, VA22030

Javier Santillan, AFCEE/ERT, 3207 Sidney Brooks, Brooks City Base, TX78235

Akiyoshi Sawabe, Kinki University, Dept of Agricultural Chemistry,Faculty of Agriculture, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8508, Japan

Fiorella Simoni, George Mason University, Chemistry Dept, Fairfax, VA22030

Ronald Slager, Restoration Program Manager, Raytheon Company, 528Boston Post Road, Mail Stop 1880, Sudbury, MA 01776

Laura J. Steinberg, Tulane University, Department of Civil &Environmental Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70118

Alton Day Stone, PE, Alton Engineer, 10 Rugg Road, Sterling, MA 01564Suthan Suthersan, ARCADIS G&M, 3000 Cabot Blvd. W., Suite 3004,

Langhorne, PA 19047T. Swaminathan, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Dept of Chemical

Engineering, Chennai, 600 036, IndiaRyuji Takeda, Kinki University, Dept of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of

Agriculture, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8508, JapanMaria Antonia Tanchuling, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1

Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, JapanChris TenBraak, Parsons, 1700 Broadway, Ste. 900, Denver, CO 80290Dale Trippler, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road

N., St. Paul, MN 55155John Tunks, Parsons, 1700 Broadway, Ste. 900, Denver, CO 80290Venki Uddameri, Ph.D., Texas A&M University - Kingsville, Dept of

Environmental Engineering, MSC 213, Kingsville, TX 78363Eirlys Vanderhoff, McPhail Associates, 30 Norfolk Street, Cambridge, MA

02139Raphael Vazquez, AFCEE/ERT, 3207 Sidney Brooks, Brooks City-Base,

TX 78235Scott Veenstra, AMEC Earth & Environmental, Inc., 215 Mistletoe Drive,

Greensboro, NC 27403

Contributing Authors xvii

John Vidumsky, E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Company, Barley Mill Plaza27/2267, P.O. Box 80027, Wilmington, DE 19880-0027

David Walker, Shaw Environmental, 88C Elm Street, Hopkington, MA01748

Edward J. Walsh, Lyme Properties LLC, 101 Main Street, 18th Floor,Cambridge, MA 02142

Kristen Wandland, ENSR Corporation, 7041 Old Wake Forest Road, Suite103, Raleigh, NC 27616

S. Grant Watkins, ENSR Corporation, 7041 Old Wake Forest Road, Suite103, Raleigh, NC 27616

Katherine Weeks, Project Manager, AMEC Earth & Environmental, Inc.,239 Littleton Road, Suite 1B, Westford, MA 01886

Noriyoshi Yoshimuri, Kinki University, Dept of Agricultural Chemistry,Faculty of Agriculture, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 63108505, Japan

Stephen Zemba, Cambridge Environmental Inc., 58 Charles Street,Cambridge, MA 02141

Acknowledgments

We wish to thank all agencies, organizations and companies that sponsoredthe conference. Without their generosity and assistance, the conference andthis book would not have been possible.

BENEFACTORSAmerican Chemistry CouncilDepartment of the ArmyENSR InternationalEnvironmental Business Solutions International, Inc.Lyondell ChemicalMassachusetts Dept of Environmental ProtectionNaval Facilities Engineering CommandNaval Facilities Engineering Service Center

SPONSORSAMEC Earth and Environmental, Inc.American Petroleum InstituteRegenesisRETEC

SUPPORTERS3MAlpha Analytical LabsBattelleCRC/Lewis PressEA Engineering, Science & TechnologyExponentGeovation Technologies, Inc.K-V AssociatesLSP AssociationNew York Dept of Environmental ConservationShaw Environmental & InfrastructureTexaco, Inc.The Dragun CorporationTighe & Bond, Inc.

xx Contaminated Soils

In addition, we express our deepest appreciation to the members of theScientific Advisory Boards. The tremendous success of the conference hasbeen the result of the dedication and hard work of our Board members.

SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD

Nader Al-AwadhiAkram N. AlshawabkehAlan J M BakerRalph S. BakerRamon M. Barnes

Michael BattleBruce BaumanMark BegleyGary BighamScott R. BlahaCarol de Groot BoisClifford BruellRichard T. BurkeBarbara CallahanRobert H. ClemensAndrew ColemanTerry Combs

Janine CommerfordNicholas P. CorsoMonica N. Danon-Schaffer

Mary DonohueJames DragunJohn W. DugganMohamed ElnabarawyTimothy E. FanninSamuel P. FarnsworthKevin T. FinneranJohn FitzgeraldBernard T. GagnonMillie Garcia-SuretteConnie Gaudet

Louis Goodman

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, KuwaitNortheastern UniversityThe University of Melbourne, AustraliaTerraTherm, Inc.University Research Institute for AnalyticalChemistryEA Engineering, Science, & TechnologyAmerican Petroleum InstituteMA Dept of Environmental ProtectionExponent Environmental GroupGE Global Research CenterBois Consulting CompanyUniversity of Massachusetts LowellUniversity of Massachusetts DartmouthUniversity ResearchAMEC Earth & Environmental, Inc.Electric Power Research InstituteContaminated Soils, Sediments and WaterMagazineMA Department of Environmental ProtectionWoods Hole Group

NovaTec Consultants Inc.Environmental Forensics JournalThe Dragun CorporationWentworth Institute of Technology3M, (ret.)US Fish and Wildlife ServiceAMEC Earth & Environmental, Inc.GeoSyntec ConsultantsMA Department of Environmental ProtectionMarin Environmental, Inc.MA Department of Environmental ProtectionEnvironment Canada, Soil & Sediment QualitySectionUniversity of Massachusetts Dartmouth

Acknowledgments xxi

Steve GoodwinMichael GorskiPeter R. GuestJohn GustafsonEric HinceIhor HlohowskyjDuane B. HuggettBarry L. JohnsonEvan Johnson, LSPWilliam B. KerfootStephen S. KoenigsbergBill KucharskiCindy LangloisSteven C. LewisDave LudwigRonald J. MarnicioRick McCulloughChris MitchellNihar MohantyRobert MorrisonEllen MoyerWillard MurrayLee NewmanGopal PathakTom A. PedersenFrank PedutoIoana G. PetrisorDavid ReckhowWilliam E. RobinsonBrian J. RothschildCorinne E. SchultzAlex SherrinNicholas P. SkoulisFrank SweetChristopher TeafJames C. TodaroAllen D. Uhler

Mark Vigneri

A. Dallas WaitRichard Waterman

University of Massachusetts AmherstMA Department of Environmental ProtectionParsonsEquilon Enterprises LLCGeovation Technologies, Inc.Argonne National LabsPfizer, Inc.Assistant Surgeon General (ret.)Tighe & BondK-V Associates, Inc.Regenesis Bioremediation ProductsEcology & Environment, Inc.Journal of Children’s HealthExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc.Blasland, Bouck & Lee, Inc.TetraTech FW, Inc.MA Turnpike AuthorityENSR InternationalMA Department of Environmental ProtectionR. Morrison & Associates, Inc.Tighe & Bond, Inc

University of South CarolinaBirla Institute of Technology, IndiaCamp Dresser & McKee, Inc.Soils, Sediment and Water MagazineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstUniversity of Massachusetts BostonUniversity of Massachusetts DartmouthHandex EnvironmentalLSPAArch Chemicals, Inc.ENSR InternationalFlorida State UniversityAlpha Analytical LabsBattelle Environmental Forensic InvestigationGroupEnvironmental Business Solutions International,Inc.Gradient CorporationEA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc.

xxii Contaminated Soils

Jason C. WhiteKatie WinogroszkiPeter WoodmanBaoshan XingEd Zillioux

The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station3MRisk Management IncorporatedUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstFPL Environmental Services

FEDERAL ADVISORY BOARD

John AbrahamJohn CullinaneJohn GlaserStephen J. GradyLeslie KarrLynn KucharskiJeffrey MarquseePaul RakowskiMike Reynolds

Brian D. RogersMichael SivakHenry H. Tabak

ATSDR/DHAC/E1CBUS Army Engineer Waterways Exp. Sta.US Environmental Protection Agency, ORDUS Dept of the Interior, USGSNaval Facilities Engineering ServiceAMEC Earth and EnvironmentalSERDP and ESTCPNaval Facilities Engineering CommandUSA - Cold Regions Research and EngineeringLaboratoryDepartment of the ArmyUS EPA, Region 2US EPA, ORD

About the Editors

Edward J. Calabrese is a board certified toxicologist and professor oftoxicology at the University of Massachusetts School of Public Health atAmherst. Dr. Calabrese has researched extensively in the area of hostfactors affecting susceptibility to pollutants and has authored more than threehundred papers in scholarly journals, as well as twenty-four books,including: Principles of Animal Extrapolation; Nutrition and EnvironmentalHealth, Vols. 1 and 2; Ecogenetic: Safe Drinking Water Act: Amendments.Regulations, and Standards; Soils Contaminated by Petroleum:Environmental and Public Health Effects; Petroleum Contaminated Soils,Vols. 1,2 and 3; Ozone Risk Communication and Management;Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5; HydrocarbonContaminated Soils and Groundwater, Vols. 1, 2, 3, and 4; MultipleChemical Interactions; Air Toxics and Risk Assessment; AlcoholInteractions with Drugs and Chemicals; Regulating Drinking Water Quality;Biological Effects of Low Level Exposures to Chemicals and Radiation;Contaminated Soils; Diesel Fuel Contamination; Risk Assessment andEnvironmental Fate Methodologies; Principles and Practices for PetroleumContaminated Soils, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; Contaminated Soils, Vol. 1; andPerforming Ecological Risk Assessments. He has been a member of theU.S. National Academy of Sciences and NATO Countries Safe DrinkingWater Committees, and the Board of Scientific Counselors for the Agencyfor Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Dr. Calabrese alsoserves as Director of the Northeast Regional Environmental Public HealthCenter at the University of Massachusetts and Chairman of the BELLEAdvisory Committee.

xxiv Contaminated Soils

Paul T. Kostecki, Associate Director, Northeast Regional EnvironmentalPublic Health Center, School of Public Health, University of Massachusettsat Amherst, received his Ph.D. from the School of Natural Resources at theUniversity of Michigan in 1980. He has been involved with human andecological risk assessment and risk management research for the last 12years. Dr. Kostecki has co-authored and co-edited over fifty articles andsixteen books on environmental assessment and cleanup including: remedialTechnologies for Leaking Underground Storage Tanks; Soils Contaminatedby Petroleum Products; Petroleum Contaminated Soils, Vols. 1, 2, and 3;Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils and Groundwater, Vols. 1, 2, 3 and 4;Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5; Principles adPractices for Petroleum Contaminated Soils; Principles and Practices forDiesel Contaminated Soils, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5; SESOIL in EnvironmentalFate and Risk modeling; Contaminated Soils, Vol. 1; and Risk Assessmentand Environmental Fate Methodologies. Dr. Kostecki also serves asAssociate Editor for the Journal of Soil Contamination, Chairman of theScientific Advisory Board for Soil and Groundwater Cleanup Magazine, aswell as an editorial board member for the journal Human and EcologicalRisk Assessment.

In addition, Dr. Kostecki serves as Executive Director for theAssociation for the Environmental Health of Soils (AEHS). He is a memberof the Navy’s National Hydrocarbon Test Site Advisory Board and a memberof the Steering Committee for the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon CriteriaWorking Group and the Association of American Railroads EnvironmentalEngineering and Operations Subcommittee.

James Dragun, as a soil chemist (Ph.D. Penn State University inAgronomy), has a rich background in the fate of hazardous materials in soilsystems and groundwater. He has assessed the migration and degradation ofchemicals and waste of national concern in soil-groundwater systems such asdioxin, PBB, Radionuclides at Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant, PCBand petroleum spills, organics and inorganics at the Stringfellow Acid Pits,pesticides in San Joaquin Valley groundwater, and solvents in Silicon Valleygroundwater. In addition, he has analyzed engineering controls designed toprevent the leakage of chemicals and wastes from landfills, surfaceimpoundments, deepwell injection systems, underground storage tanks, landtreatment systems, manufacturing and processing facilities, and hazardouswaste sites. He has analyzed the chemical integrity and reactivity ofmaterials used to treat and store hazardous and nonhazardous wastes. Hehas served as an expert reviewer of over 40 projects and programs involvingthe siting, design, construction, performance, and failure mechanisms of

About the Editors xxv

landfills, land treatment systems, surface impoundments, and waste piles. Inaddition, he has authored exposure assessments for over 100 chemicals andwastes.

Widely recognized for his expertise, Dr. Dragun was appointed theprimary technical advisor on exposure assessment to the Interagency TestingCommittee, a consortium of 14 federal agencies that selects chemicals forpotential regulatory control. He directs the Association of OfficialAnalytical Chemist’s development of standard methods to measure themigration and degradation of chemicals and wastes, and has authored testmethods that are used today by environmental laboratories in NorthAmerica, Europe, and Asia. His counsel and scientific findings have beendisseminated and utilized by 24 nations including Japan, Canada, the UnitedKingdom, Australia, West Germany, Switzerland, Italy, France, Spain,Scandinavia, and the Netherlands.

Dr. Dragun is a member of Phi Kappa Phi and Sigma Xi, bothinternational honorary scientific societies, and was awarded the U.S. EPABronze Medal for distinguished service in 1980.