CONTEMPORARY STATE OF THE RESEARCH AND THE EVALUATION OF THE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN SLOVAKIA

* STATE GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF DIONYZ STUR, SLOVAK REPUBLIC, BRATISLAVA

** MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT OF SLOVAK REPUBLIC, BRATISLAVA

A. REMŠÍK* – P. HANAS** – M. BÍM**

Tectonic map of Slovak Republic

• 1971 – Geothermal research – State Geological Institute of Dionyz Stur, Bratislava

• 1995 – Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia – State Geological Institute of Dionyz Stur, Bratislava

HYDROGEOTHERMAL CONDITIONS

• Total area of Slovak Republic is 49 014 km2

• Slovak Republic – 26 prospective areas of geothermal waters

• Area of the prospective regions ranges from 30 to 1882 km2, mainly 150 – 900 km2

• Geological setting of the Slovak Republic is favourable for occurrence

of geothermal energy resources. Twenty-six geothermal areas or

structures, covering 13 377 km2 (27 %) of the Slovak territory, have been

identified as prospective areas for occurrence of potentially exploitable

geothermal resources.

Prospective areas of geothermal water in Slovakia

• Geothermal waters are largely bounded to Triassic dolomites and

limestones of the Krizna and Choc nappes, less frequently to Neogene

sands, sandstones, conglomerates, andesites and related pyroclastics.

• These aquifers lie at depths of 78 - 5 000 m (except in spring areas) and

the reservoir temperatures of their geothermal waters range from 20 to

240°C. Lately, following prospective areas were explored: the Košice

basin (Ďurkov area), the Poprad basin, the Liptov basin the Skorušina

depression, and the Central depression of the Danube basin (Galanta

area).

• Temperature at a depth of 1000 m varies from 20 to 74 °C with the

average value of 45 °C. The average value of the heat flow density is 82,1

mW/m2 ± 20,5 mW/m2, with the minimum value of 40.6 and maximum

value of 121,6 mW/m2.

HYDROGEOTHERMAL CONDITIONS (continued)

•Geothermal waters were documented by 117 geothermal wells. Their total

discharge amounts app. 1 787 l/s, with temperature 18 – 129 °C, which

represents the thermal power of 306.8 MWt. Geothermal waters have been

achieved by wells with depth 92 – 3616 m. Yields of wells at the outflow

reached values from 0,3 – 100 l/s. Prevailing composition of geothermal

waters is Na-HCO3-Cl, Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4 and Na-Cl with TDS 0,4 – 90,0 gr/l.

Thermal-energy potential of the geothermal wells represented 0,1 -29,0 MWt,

mainly 1 – 6 MWt.

•The total amount of thermal-energy potential of geothermal waters in

prospective areas (proven, predicted and probable) represents 5538 MWt.

Geothermal wells verified 5.5 % of the total thermal-energy potential of the

geothermal sources in the Slovak Republic, but only 2.3 % (131 MWt) of the

potential are utilised. What the proven thermal-energy potential is concerned,

only 53 % of it is utilised at present.

HYDROGEOTHERMAL CONDITIONS (continued)

Perspektívna oblasť, štruktúra Teplota (°C)

Výdatnosť (l/s)

Tepelný výkon MWt

Mineralizácia (g/l)

  (min - max)

(min - max) (min - max) (min - max)

centrálna depresia PD 19 - 91 0,1 – 25,0 0,01 – 6,80 0,5 – 18,6

komárňanská vysoká kryha 20 - 40 2,1 – 70,0 0,05 – 7,33 0,7 – 0,8

komárňanská okrajová kryha 51 - 56 5,0 – 6,0 0,75 – 1,02 3,1 – 90,0

viedenská panva 73 - 78 12,0 – 25,0 2,91 – 6,59 6,8 – 10,9

levická kryha 69 - 80 28,0 – 53,0 6,32 – 14,42 19,2 – 19,6

topoľčiansky záliv a BK 20 - 55 1,7 – 18,8 0,12 – 1,78 0,7 – 5,9

Hornonitrianska kotlina 19 - 59 2,5 – 22,0 0,05 – 4,08 0,4 – 1,9

skorušinská panva 28 - 56 35,0 – 100,0 1,09 – 17,16 0,8 – 1,3

Liptovská kotlina 32 - 62 6,0 – 31,0 0,43 – 5,30 0,5 – 4,7

levočská panva Z a J časť 25 - 58 8,0 – 61,2 0,33 – 6,08 0,6 – 4,0

Košická kotlina 18 - 129 4,9 – 65,0 0,12 – 29,0 0,7 – 31,0

Prehľad výsledkov geotermálnych vrtov realizovaných na Slovensku

Perspektívna oblasť, štruktúra Teplota (°C)

Výdatnosť (l/s)

Tepelný výkon MWt

Mineralizácia (g/l)

  (min - max)

(min - max) (min - max) (min - max)

Turčianska kotlina 54 12,4 2,02 2,5

komjatická depresia 78 12 2,5 20,1

dubnícka depresia 18 - 75 1,5 – 15,0 0,17 – 2,40 1,6 – 30,0

trnavský záliv 24 14,5 0,55 2,52

stredoslov. neovulkanity SZ časť

27 - 57 3,5 – 23,2 0,17 – 3,10 0,4 – 4,5

Žilinská kotlina 24 - 42 13,4 – 22,0 0,60 – 1,51 0,4 – 0,5

hornostrhár.-trenčská prepadlina

21 - 38 1,5 – 10,5 0,09 – 0,50 0,4 – 3,1

Rimavská kotlina 18 - 33 3,3 – 45,0 0,19 – 1,01 1,7 – 5,9

levočská panva SV časť 51 - 65 4,0 – 5,0 0,57 – 1,20 8,7 – 12,3

humenský chrbát 29 4 0,25 11,9

Spolu 18 - 129 0,1 – 100,0 0,01 – 29,00 0,4 – 90,0

Prehľad výsledkov geotermálnych vrtov realizovaných na Slovensku (pokračovanie)

GEOTHERMAL UTILIZATION

• Geothermal water in Slovak Republic is used just for direct- use in

agricultural farms, for space heating, fish farming and for recreational

purposes.

• In 12 agricultural farms geothermal water is used for greenhouse

heating and soil heating. Utilization of heat in agriculture provides

great possibilities for early production of vegetables (cucumber,

tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, etc.) and flowers. The total area

covered by greenhouses is about 25,86 ha.

GEOTHERMAL UTILIZATION (continued)

• There are 13 localities where geothermal water is used for heating. Geothermal

water is utilized for heating of service buildings in Galanta, Topolniky, Komarno,

Besenova, Liptovsky Trnovec and Poprad, for hotels heating in Besenova, Velky

Meder, Podhajska and Sturovo and for block of flats and hospital in Galanta. For

sport hall heating it is used in Topolniky, in Novaky-Kos it is utilized for heating of

miner's dressing rooms and air heating in brown coal mine. Geothermal water is

utilized for fish farming on Vrbov and Turcianske Teplice.

• In 32 localities geothermal water is used for recreational purposes, mainly in

swimming pools.

• Comparison of the verified thermal power of geothermal waters (306,8 MWt) and

actually exploited thermal power of geothermal waters (131 MWt) shows

unsatisfactory utilization of the resources of geothermal energy

• Podiely jednotlivých druhov obnoviteľných a druhotných zdrojov energie na

technicky využiteľnom potenciáli (Uznesenie vlády SR č. 282/2003)

Podiely jednotlivých druhov obnoviteľných a druhotných zdrojov energie na technicky využiteľnom potenciáli

(Uznesenie vlády SR č. 282/2003)

Druh Technicky využiteľný potenciál

(TJ) (%)

biomasa 60 458 46,7

geotermálna energia 22 680 17,5

solárna energia 18 720 14,5

odpadové teplo 12 726 9,8

biopalivá 9 000 6,9

malé vodné elektrárne 3 722 2,9

veterná energia 2 178 1,7

Celkom 129 484 100

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

• At present, hydrogeothermal evaluation is being performed in three

prospective areas, namely in Topolcany embayment and Banovce

basin in Humenne ridge and in Rimava Basin.

• New projects are getting ready for verification of the resources of

geothermal energy in prospective areas. Drilling of new geothermal

wells is included in these projects.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION