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8/7/2009
1
Advanced Technology for Advanced Technology for Design Mapping and Design Mapping and Construction LayoutConstruction Layout
A A C E Meeting
Daniel K. MardockDaniel K. MardockRBF Consulting Survey ManagerRBF Consulting Survey Manager
Registered Land SurveyorRegistered Land SurveyorCertified Federal SurveyorCertified Federal Surveyor
Arizona Professional Land Surveyors Association Arizona Professional Land Surveyors Association Central Chapter PresidentCentral Chapter President
A.A.C.E. MeetingAugust 5, 2009
ContentsContents
►►Pace of Developing Survey TechnologyPace of Developing Survey Technology►►GPSGPS►►PhotogrammetryPhotogrammetry►►Laser Scanning TechnologyLaser Scanning Technology►►Construction/Machine GuidanceConstruction/Machine Guidance
1750’s to 1950’s 1750’s to 1950’s Compass and ChainColonial and Early US Lands Surveys
Portable Telescope Improves PrecisionSteel Tape Improves Measurement Precision
Solar Transit for AstronomicBearings Used in Geodesy
Solar CompassDeveloped to Correct for Magnetic Anomalies
Technology Improves Precision
All Measuring Completed byCrossing the Ground
200 Year Span
1950’s to Now: Electronic Age1950’s to Now: Electronic Age
Microwave Laser
Infrared
Measurements still made across the ground but, only the endpoints of the
line must be occupied.40 to 50 Year SpanInfrared
InfraredLaser & Infrared
Calculations & Data CollectionCalculations & Data Collection
1st Shift Key Continuous Memory
Preprogrammed Chip
200 Year Span
Memory Card. Infrared Comm.
Data Upload and Download Cogo Functions
DOS Programming
Commodore 64Windows SystemBluetoothRadio for RoboticsCellular ModemE-MailController SoftwareCogo FunctionsGPS Processing Collection and Stakeout
30 to 40 Year Span
Data Collection and MapsData Collection and Maps
200 Year Span
40 to 50 Year Span
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Global Positioning SystemGlobal Positioning System
►►No longer need line of sight for measurementNo longer need line of sight for measurement
►►No real limit on the length of the line to be No real limit on the length of the line to be measured a few feet to several milesmeasured a few feet to several milesmeasured, a few feet to several milesmeasured, a few feet to several miles
►► Finally the surveyor is free to wander the earth Finally the surveyor is free to wander the earth and take the easy measurementsand take the easy measurements
►►Differential GPS centimeter accuracyDifferential GPS centimeter accuracy
►►GPS has two main segments…GPS has two main segments…
GPS Has Two Main SegmentsGPS Has Two Main Segments
SPACE SEGMENTSPACE SEGMENT
GROUND SEGMENTGROUND SEGMENTINTERACTION OF INTERACTION OF
SPACE AND GROUND SEGMENTSSPACE AND GROUND SEGMENTS
GPS By TrilaterationGPS By TrilaterationDistance D = Speed of Light x Time
D
GPS Is A Statistical Approach To GPS Is A Statistical Approach To Measurement AnalysisMeasurement Analysis
►►GPS surveying is analysis of hundreds of GPS surveying is analysis of hundreds of thousands of measurements projected on thousands of measurements projected on mathematical models of the earth sphere mathematical models of the earth sphere (Conventional is 1 or 2 measurements on a (Conventional is 1 or 2 measurements on a (Co e t o a s o easu e e ts o a(Co e t o a s o easu e e ts o aplane) plane)
►►No more assumed coordinatesNo more assumed coordinates
►►All projects can be geoAll projects can be geo--referencedreferenced
►►Vertical component of the measurement is the Vertical component of the measurement is the weakest link, longer occupation timesweakest link, longer occupation times
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GPS Subsidence NetworkGPS Subsidence Network
PhotogrammetryPhotogrammetryg yg y
Photogrammetry forPhotogrammetry forLarge Scale ProjectsLarge Scale Projects
Film photos offset for stereo image and drafted by machine
Computerization added. CAD Mapping Deliverables
Film is scanned or digital photography and drafting is performed from the digital 3-D image
Film Camera Digital CameraFrame or Push Broom Airborne Laser Scanner
Light Detection and Ranging
100 Scale Planimetrics100 Scale Planimetrics
►Feature Collection Placement
►Road edges curb, edge asphalt, dirt road, concrete
►Bridges
►Buildings including tanks and docks (but not sheds)
►Sidewalks, driveways, concrete paths, concrete slabs
Contour GenerationContour Generation
InRoads Site Suite Software
1. Create triangulated surface
2. Generate contours to specified interval
AutocorrelationAutocorrelation►Automatic Elevation Extraction
►Computer Generated DEM
►Matches Histograms of Pixels
►Increased Speed & Density
Ch k d F A►Checked For Accuracy
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Multispectral & IRMultispectral & IR
► Infrared
►Hardscape/Softscape
►Plant Vigor
►Multispectral
►Broader Spectrum
►More Classification
LiDAR (Light Detection & LiDAR (Light Detection & Ranging)Ranging)
►Elevation Data Collection Utilizing Near Infrared Laser Pulses
M D i f P l f►Measures Duration of Pulse from Aircraft to Ground
►Capable of producing a Raw Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
►Data Must be Post Processed
►Data Collection Performed Day or Night
Laser ScanningLaser Scanninggg
3D Laser Scanning3D Laser Scanning
►Laser Beam That Measures Time of Flight
►Returns XY&Z Coordinates
►Measures as close as a 1/8 inch pattern
►Performs a 360 deg Horz. by 270 deg Vert. Scan
►Digital Ortho Photos
►Accuracy to +/- 0.01ft
Each scan point has an X,Y,Z coordinate
Infrastructure Data CaptureInfrastructure Data CaptureOld Way►Single Purpose►Site re-Visits►Tedious, daily routine
New Way►Speed, Accuracy, 24 hrs & minimal
impact►Augments traditional capture►More services provided faster
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Impact of Terrestrial ScannersImpact of Terrestrial Scanners
TraditionalSurvey
Laser Scanning
Survey $0
From this….
To This….
A laser scan point cloud registered
and geo-referenced into site co-ordinate and
elevation systems with horizontal andwith horizontal and vertical accuracy of
+ 4mm.
The registered Point Cloud is modeled into CADD as a three-dimensional wire frame.
Additional structural layers can also be added as CADD solids. Walls placed in CAD show conflict
with added ductwork.
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Separate elements can be removed for views as needed.
ConstructionConstruction
Machines ThenMachines Then Machines NowMachines Now
Laser SystemsLaser SystemsAccuracy +/Accuracy +/-- 0.03’0.03’
Robotic Robotic -- Advanced Tracking SensorAdvanced Tracking SensorAccuracy +/Accuracy +/-- 0.01’ to 0.03’0.01’ to 0.03’
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GPSGPSAccuracy +/Accuracy +/-- 0.15’0.15’
Machine Guidance TechnologyMachine Guidance Technology►Benefits of Machine Guidance
3D enabled machines produce a consistent and quality product
In conjunction with a BIM, Machine Guidance enables all stakeholders to maintain their designs in a real-time environment
Avoidance zones can be created to alert operators to restricted areas
GPS provides an extra set of eyes to catch mistakes
Can substantially reduce construction schedules
Sustainable practices encouraged
Construction LayoutConstruction Layout
Old Way►Tedious staking►Constant Rework►Daylight Activity
New Way►Automated, model-based and GPS-
guided grading►Improves worker safety►Increases speed and accuracy
The Connected Site► Positioning Information► Upload Plan Data► Download As Built Data► Analyze Project Progress► Update Project Schedule► Calculate Pay Quantities► Asset Management► Resource Management► Project Communications► Design Professionals can be linked
directly to the site
Questions?Questions?