Contents

About the Authors vii

Acknowledgments ix

Chapter 1 Introduction 1Steven Raphael and Michael A. Stoll

PART I PRISON BOOM CONTEXT

Chapter 2 Why Are So Many Americans in Prison? 27Steven Raphael and Michael A. Stoll

Chapter 3 The Origins of Mass Incarceration in New York State: The Rockefeller Drug Laws and the Local War on Drugs 73David F. Weiman and Christopher Weiss

PART II THE BENEFITS AND COSTS OF THE PRISON BOOM

Chapter 4 The Impact of Prison on Crime 119Shawn D. Bushway and Raymond Paternoster

Chapter 5 The People Prisons Make: Effects of Incarceration on Criminal Psychology 151Amy E. Lerman

Chapter 6 Ever-Increasing Levels of Parental Incarceration and the Consequences for Children 177Rucker C. Johnson

Chapter 7 Footing the Bill: Causes and Budgetary Consequences of State Spending on Corrections 207John W. Ellwood and Joshua Guetzkow

Chapter 8 Collateral Costs: Effects of Incarceration on Employment and Earnings Among Young Workers 239Harry J. Holzer

PART III ARE WE AT A SOCIALLY OPTIMAL LEVELOF IMPRISONMENT?

Chapter 9 Assessing the Relative Benefits of Incarceration: Overall Changes and the Benefits on the Margin 269John J. Donohue III

Index 343

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