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Contents Volume 75, 1988/1989

Global and Planetary Change - - An Editorial E~J. Barron (University Park, PA, U.S.A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII

Introduction E.J. Barron (University Park, PA, U.S.A.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Solar system and galactic influences on the stability of the Ear th M.V. Torbett (Lexington, KY, U.S.A.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Solar evolution R.L. Gilliland (Boulder, CO, U.S.A.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Origin of the Earth 's crust K.C. Condie (Socorro, NM, U.S.A.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Long-term stability of the Ear th 's climate J.F. Kasting (Moffett Field, CA, U.S.A.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Biogeochemical cycles of carbon and sulfur and their effect on atmospheric oxygen over Phanerozoic t ime R.A. Berner (New Haven, CT, U.S.A.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Chemical stability of the atmosphere and ocean L.R. Kump (University Park, PA, U.S.A.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Phanerozoic marine faunas and the stability of the earth system J.W. Valentine (Santa Barbara, CA, U.S.A.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

The hydrologic cycle: a major variable during Ear th history E.J. Barron (University Park, PA, U.S.A.), W.W. Hay (Boulder, CO, U.S.A.) and S, Thompson (Boulder, CO, U.S.A.) . 157

North American total cloud amount variations this century A. Henderson-Sellers (North Ryde, N.S.W., Australia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Modelling the ocean climate for the early Archaean B. Henderson-Sellers (Kensington, N.S.W., Australia) and A. Henderson-Sellers (North Ryde, N.S.W., Australia) . . . . 195

Phanerozoic 02 variation, fire, and terrestrial ecology J.M. Robinson (University Park, PA, U.S.A.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Present and near-future global sea-level changes P.A. Pirazzoli (Meudon-Bellevue, France) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Carbon redox and climate control through Ear th history: a speculative reconstruction T.R. Worsley and R.D. Nance (Athens, OH, U.S.A.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

The quality of rivers: from pristine stage to global pollution M. Meybeck (Paris, France) and R. Helmet (Geneva, Switzer|and) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Global climatic changes during the Devonian-Mississippian: stable isotope biogeochemistry of brachiopods U. Brand (St. Catherines, Ont., Canada) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Testing the effects of ocean heat t ransport on climate C. Covey (Livermore, CA, U.S.A.) and S.L. Thompson (Boulder, CO, U.S.A.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331