Context Aware Customizable BPM- Progressrafea/CSCE590/Spring10/Maryam/ISOS_BPM_Progress... · `Sl i di f d l h Salomie discusses two fundamental research problems in the domain of

Context Aware Customizable BPM-Progress

by Mariam Keriakosby Mariam KeriakosPresented to: Dr. Ahmed RafeaCSCE 590 – Spring 2010

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AgendaAgenda• Problem Statement (Similar)• Motivation (Similar)• Motivation (Similar)• Related Work (Progress)• Research Approach (Progress)• Research Approach (Progress)• Quality of Context Modeling (Progress)• Work Plan (Progress)Work Plan (Progress)• Related Journals

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Problem Definition (Similar)Problem Definition (Similar)

In the course of this research it is intended to carry out an in-depth study of context modeling for a business

d l f k h UML process, to develop a framework that uses UML to model important contextual aspects of a business process and translate them to appropriate configuration decisions and translate them to appropriate configuration decisions by building on one of the existing customizable business process models

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Motivation (Similar)Motivation (Similar)

The strong impact of a process context on business process flow The automation of customization decisions based on contextual informationcontextual informationThe focus on context provides a tighter cause-effect relationship between the demands for process flexibility relationship between the demands for process flexibility and their impact on processes and vice versaContext Modeling has received less research attention within the field of BPM

Example: Europe Airlines Crisis

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Test Domain (Similar)Test Domain (Similar)

The research course of this thesis will focus on Generic C h ld b l bl d b Context that could be applicable to any domain business processes. However, at later stage it will be tested and applied on BP related to the field of Airline Ticket applied on BP related to the field of Airline Ticket Reservation

It is a rich domain with many decisions and details related to ContextIt has been used as the application domain for some related works in the field of business process configuration and context works in the field of business process configuration and context modeling with EPC

There will be bench marks and results to compare with to be able to judge the efficiency of the modeljudge the efficiency of the model

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More Related Works : Selmin Nurcan 20092009

I d d l f BPM (CM4BPM) d lIntroduces a context model for BPM (CM4BPM) and a role-based business process model (RBPM), and presents an approach allowing enacting processes with respect to the contextThe approach consists of using contextual knowledge in order to enhance the adequacy and the coherence of the assignments to enhance the adequacy and the coherence of the assignments during the enactment of the business processes, for instance, actor-to-role or process-to role assignments.

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Meta Model for RBPM quoted from Selmin Nurcan, Oumaima

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Saidani “Context-Awareness for Adequate Business Process Modelling”, IEEE, 2009


Context related knowledge (CRK): Context related knowledge (CRK): The collection of implicit assumptions that is required to activate accurate assignments in the business process at the model and/or instance levelinstance levelThe context related knowledge covers any circumstance that impacts the assignment relations

Context is divided into Static and Dynamic contextNurcan based his model on first-order predicate calculus

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The context is captured using facets which describe the non-functional features;non functional features;

Each facet is addressed by some attributes.Attributes have values that are directly measurable. yThe CRK can be represented using a structure of graph

BP Instantiation quoted from Selmin Nurcan et Al “Context

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BP Instantiation quoted from Selmin Nurcan et Al Context-Awareness for Adequate Business Process Modelling”, IEEE, 2009


Nurcan’s conclusion:The support of the CRK requires four main steps as The support of the CRK requires four main steps as follows:

Context elicitation which allows to capture, to assemble, p , ,and to structure the contextual information.Context categorization using the context tree. Adaptation of CRK to a particular application domain and to measure itSelection and activation of the appropriate instances of BP Selection and activation of the appropriate instances of BP model entities and assignments

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More Related Works : Salomie 2008More Related Works : Salomie 2008

S l i di f d l h Salomie discusses two fundamental research problems in the domain of context sensitive systems:

The development of a generic context model that can The development of a generic context model that can be used to represent general purpose contexts in a computer interpretable way p p yThe context model management

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More Related Works : Salomie 2008More Related Works : Salomie 2008The context model is based on representing actors, resources and policies from the real world and uses resources and policies from the real world and uses BDI (Believes Desires Intentions) agents for context management and processingg p gThe basic context model is defined as a triple C = <R, A, P> The context model is mapped onto different real contexts by populating the sets with real context specific elements

The mapping result is a specific context model CS = <RS, AS PS >

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AS, PS >

Related Works : Salomie 2008Related Works : Salomie 2008

RAP Context Model quoted from Ioan Salomie Tudor Cioara Ionut

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RAP Context Model quoted from Ioan Salomie, Tudor Cioara, Ionut Anghel, Mihaela Dinsoreanu “RAP – A Basic Context Model, 2008


Context Model Concept quoted from Ioan Salomie Tudor Cioara Ionut

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Context Model Concept quoted from Ioan Salomie, Tudor Cioara, Ionut Anghel, Mihaela Dinsoreanu “RAP – A Basic Context Model, 2008


A context resource is defined as a physical / virtual entity p y ywhich generates and / or processes context information.

An actor represents a physical or virtual entity that An actor represents a physical or virtual entity that interacts directly with the context or uses the context resources to fulfill its needs.

A policy represents a set of rules that must be followed by actors or resources present in the context influence by actors or resources present in the context influence zone.

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S l i t Al (2008) l l d i th i h th Salomie et Al (2008) also explored in their research the idea of context management; in the suggested management model four types of generic agents were g yp g gintroduced: Context Model

Administering AgentsContext Interpreting AgentsRequest Processing Agents and Request Processing Agents and Execution and Monitoring Agents

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More Related Works : Simons 2007More Related Works : Simons 2007

Simsons et Al (2007) explores UML Context Modeling Profile for Mobile Distributed Systemsfor Mobile Distributed SystemsThe paper proposes the Context Modeling Profile (CMP), a lightweight UML extension, as a visual language for context g g g gmodels in mobile distributed systemsThe resulting models visualize meta information of the context i e source and validity of context information and context, i.e. source and validity of context information, and reflect privacy restrictionsThe profile provides several well-formedness rules for context p pmodels supporting the development of context-aware mobile applications through an adequate visual modeling language

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More Related Works : Simons 2007More Related Works : Simons 2007

Extract of the context model of a meeting system quoted from Simson et Al “A UML Context

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g y qModeling Profile for Mobile Distributed Systems” Proceedings of the 40th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences - 2007

More Related Works : Simons 2007More Related Works : Simons 2007Meeting Room Context Model:

The model consists of small classes each representing a The model consists of small classes each representing a context item type

A context item of type Person has the properties forename and surname and is linked with other context items, e. g. an activity or a room.The end names of the associations are used to access the linked context items

When exchanging a context itemThi f ili h f f i This facilitates the transfer of a context item The model provides a suitable way to achieve the intended distributed storage of individual user contexts

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More Related Works : Ashutosh Tiwar 20082008The study reveals the following important facts regarding perspectives of a business process and the best modeling perspectives of a business process and the best modeling techniques regarding these perspectives:

The first perspective views business processes as deterministic machines, that is as a fixed sequence of well-defined activities that convert inputs to that is, as a fixed sequence of well-defined activities that convert inputs to outputs in order to accomplish clear objectives. For this perspective, static process modeling is sufficient, with techniques such as role activity diagrams (RADs).

The second perspective views business processes as complex dynamic systems, assemblies of interchangeable components. This second viewpoint f th l d i d i t ti f t f b i focuses on the complex, dynamic, and interactive features of business processes.

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More Related Works : Ashutosh Tiwar 20082008The study reveals the following important facts regarding perspectives of a business process and the best modeling perspectives of a business process and the best modeling techniques regarding these perspectives:

The third perspective of business processes is interacting feedback loops that highlight the information feedback structure of business processes that highlight the information feedback structure of business processes. System dynamics modelers are recommended for this perspectiveThe last perspective of business process is social constructs, and emphasizes more on the people side. It is the people who made and enact business p p p pprocesses, people with different values, expectations, and roles

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More Related Works : Karsten 2010More Related Works : Karsten 2010Karsten et Al conducted a case study about Claim processing business processes in an Australian insurance processing business processes in an Australian insurance company in the financial services sector

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More Related Works : Karsten 2010More Related Works : Karsten 2010

Extended business process meta model based on (Rosemann et al., 2008 [50])

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2008 [50])

More Related Works: Karsten 2010More Related Works: Karsten 20101) Identified Context Matrix

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More Related Works: Karsten 2010More Related Works: Karsten 20102) The context elements were then classified into

conceptual categories according to their impact on the conceptual categories according to their impact on the business process

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More Related Works: Karsten 2010More Related Works: Karsten 20103) Map Context elements into the internal feedback

structures based on the effects reported in the structures based on the effects reported in the interview data

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Contextual Feed back loops quoted from “Towards a Classification and Lifecycle of Business Process Change” Business Process Management Group Queensland University of Technology, Karsten et Al 2008 (Karsten et al., 2010) [46])

Research Approach (Progress)Research Approach (Progress)

• Following questions identified by previous researches will g q y pbe answered through this research approach:• Q1: How can the context of a business process be

li d?conceptualized?• Q2: How can contextual elements be incorporated in

the design of business processes?g p• Q3: How can context-aware business processes be

supported?

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• To answer and fulfill the previous questions the following p q gsteps will be taken:

• A) Context ModelingDeciding on all possible context variables that might affect business processes in general regardless of the domainDeciding on the context elements that will be taken into gconsiderationSimulating context elements together with meta data that will help in measuring quality of context elements into database tablesg q yReading context elements and accepting it only in case they pass certain threshold of context quality

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• A) Context ModelingModeling the context in the onion model define d by Michael Rosemann and described earlier in this document.The Modeling will be in UML using normal class diagrams and activity g g g ydiagrams to represent context elements as described in some examples in the review of literature section

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• B) Domain applicationApply the context Model to a specific domain (e.g. Airlines domain), work by exclusion which means exclude irrelevant items of a contextModel context relevant to the domain

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• C) Business Process Configuration and adaptation Import readymade configurable business processes for this domainExtend the configurable business processes to read inputs from Extend the configurable business processes to read inputs from the context modelIt is preferable to use the ones in UML as the context itself will b i UMLbe in UMLObserve how configuration decisions are made

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• D) Evaluate the effectiveness of the modelMeasure cost savingMeasure performance enhancement

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Quality of Context Model(Progress)Quality of Context Model(Progress)

• Importance of measuring quality of context (QoC)p g q y (Q )• A) Avoid the following categories of flaws:

Incorrectness : if the model fails to reflect the true state of the world it modelsInconsistency: if the model contains contradictory informationIncompleteness: if the model ignores some aspects of context Incompleteness: if the model ignores some aspects of context

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• QoC Terms & Definitions:• Quality of Context(QoC): any information that

describes the quality of information that is used as context informationcontext information

• QoC sources: quantities which are sensed from the environment or profiled as the configuration of the environment or profiled as the configuration of a system but these values are not appropriate for usage by the application so they must be converted

Q C into QoC parameters• QoC parameters : the probability of correctness,

trust worthiness resolution and up to dateness

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trust-worthiness, resolution, and up-to-dateness


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Parameters & Sources association

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• Parameters EvaluationUp to Dateness

• Indicates the degree of rationalism to use a context object for a specific application at a given time. a specific application at a given time.

Age(O) = tcurr − tmeas(O) (1)

Up-to-dateness of the context object O, U(O), is calculated by Equation 2by Equation 2.

• U(O) = 1 −Age(O)/Lifetime(O) : if Age(O) < Lifetime(O)

• 0 : otherwise (2)

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Quality of Context Model(Progress)Quality of Context Model(Progress)• Parameters Evaluation

Tr st W rthinessTrust Worthiness• indicates the belief that we have in the correctness of

information in a context object. Trust-worthiness of a b h hl ff d b h l context object is highly affected by the space resolution

(the distance between the sensor and the entity)

• . Let the accuracy of the sensor data be δ. The trust- (O) f O f worthiness, T (O), of context object O is defined by

Equation 3.

• T (O) =(1 − d(S,E) /dmax) δ(sensor accuracy) : if d(S, E) < dmax

• 0 : otherwise (3)

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Quality of Context Model(Progress)• Parameters Evaluation

Completeness

Quality of Context Model(Progress)

Completeness• indicates the quantity of information that is provided by a

context object.

C l f b d f d h • Completeness of a context object is defined as the ratio of the sum of the weights of available attributes of a context object to the sum of the weights of all the attributes of that context objectattributes of that context object

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Quality of Context Model(Progress)• Parameters Evaluation

Significance


Significance• the worth or the preciousness of context information in

a specific situation. Its value is of particular importance in scenarios that involve life threatening situations for scenarios that involve life threatening situations for humans

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Quality of Context Model(Progress)• Measuring quality of context models produced and the

framework in general will have two aspects:


framework in general will have two aspects:A) Quality of Contextual Input used in Modeling

(measuring the parameters before using any contextual element in building up the context model)

B) Effectiveness of the Model build (i.e. how much the l d l h l d i i i h b i contextual model helped in improving the business

process model as a whole

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Quality of Context Model(Progress)B) Effectiveness of the Model build

B.1.)Cost of the business process


B.1.)Cost of the business process

This can be measured as the cost of business process if context wasn’t taken into consideration verse the cost of the b i h t t d li d i business process when context was modeling and coping decisions were taken

Calculation:

(The cost incurred of total steps of process without considering context/the cost of total steps of process considering context) * 100

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B.2.) Performance of the business process (Time/ Throughput)


B.2.) Performance of the business process (Time/ Throughput)

This can be measured as the time incurred to complete a business process without contextual consideration verse the time incurred to complete a business process with context incurred

Calculation:(The time incurred without context consideration/time incurred with context

id i * 100)consideration * 100)

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B.3.) Consistency of behavior


B.3.) Consistency of behavior

This can be measured by repeating input of similar contextual elements and see if the system behaves in the same manner taking the same configuration decisions for the business process or not.

This shall be measured as the total number of inconsistencies over the total experiments run.

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Tool Needed (Progress) Tool Needed (Progress)

• IBM Rational Rose • Reasons for choosing the tool:

• Its support for extensibility in previous researches for configurable BPM

• It is shown extensibility potential during investigationsIt is shown extensibility potential during investigations• Has very good representations for current UML which is an option to

represent context information with current UML data structures (e.g. class diagrams and activity diagrams)class diagrams and activity diagrams)

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Work planWork planTools & Evaluation on model

Official proposalproposal

System Design

Implementation

Testing/g/Quality

Defense

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

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3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Related JournalsRelated JournalsTOSEM (ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology)Methodology)TOMACS (ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer simulations)TSE (IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering)IJBPIM (Int. J. Business Process Integration and Management)SJIS (Scandinavian Journal for information systems)

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ReferencesReferencesLiz Bacon et Al, 2007“A Design Pattern for Integration of Business Process Management Systems”, IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and IntegrationNima Kaviani et Al 2009 “Model-Driven Development of Families of Service-Oriented Nima Kaviani et Al, 2009. Model Driven Development of Families of Service Oriented Architectures,” ACM Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Feature-Oriented Software Development Chenting Zhao et Al, 2009 “A Model-Driven Approach for Generating Business Processes and Process Interaction Semantics” 8th IEEE/ACIS International Conference Processes and Process Interaction Semantics 8th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information ScienceMicheal Rosemann et Al , 2005 “Model-Driven Process Configuration of Enterprise Systems”, Int. J. Business Process Integration and Management, Vol. 3, No. 1Micheal Rosemann et Al, 2008 “Contextualisation of business processes”, Int. J. Business Process Integration and Management, Vol. 3, No. 2Micheal Rosemann et Al, 2005“A Configurable Reference Modelling Language1” , Int. J. Business Process osemann et Al,2006 Integration and Management, Vol. 2, No. 1, g g , ,Micheal Rosemann et Al ,2006 “Generating Correct EPCs from Configured CEPCs”Proceedings of the 2006 ACM symposium on Applied computing

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ReferencesReferencesJorg Becker at Al, 2008“Configurative Method Engineering – On the Applicability of Reference Modeling Mechanisms in Method Engineering” European Research Center for Information Systems (ERCIS)y ( )Michail Anastasopoulos, 2009“Increasing Efficiency and Effectiveness of Software Product Line Evolution – An Infrastructure on Top of Configuration Management” Proceedings of the joint international and annual ERCIM workshops on Principles of software evolution (IWPSE) and software evolution (Evol) workshops ( ) ( ) pJian Yung et Al , 2007“Context Aware Differentiated Services Development With Configurable Business Processes”11th IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing ConferenceUwe Zdun et Al 2008“Architecting as Decision Making with Patterns and Primitives” Uwe Zdun et Al, 2008 Architecting as Decision Making with Patterns and Primitives Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Sharing and reusing architectural knowledge Bedir Tekinerdogan,2009 “Interaction-based Feature-Driven Model-Transformations for G i E F ” P di f h Fi I i l W k h FGenerating E-Forms ” Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Feature-Oriented Software Development Selmin Nurcan, 2007 “Towards Context Aware Business Process Modelling” Panthéon -Sorbonne Centre de Recherche en Informatique

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ReferencesReferencesAdrian MOS et Al, 2008“Multi-Layer Perspectives and Spaces in SOA”, Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Systems development in SOA environments Zimmerman et Al 2007 “ Reusable Architectural Decision Models for Enterprise Zimmerman et Al,2007 Reusable Architectural Decision Models for Enterprise Application Development ” IBM Research GmbHZdun et Al,2007 “Modeling Process-Driven and Service-Oriented Architectures Using Patterns and Pattern Primitives” Transactions on the Web (TWEB) , Volume 1 Issue 33Mikalsen, M. and Kofod-Petersen, A. (2004) ‘Representing and reasoning about context in a mobile environment’, in S. Schulz and T. Roth-Berghofer (Eds). 1st International Workshop on Modeling and Retrieval of Context, volume 114 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Ulm, Germany: CEUR, pp.25–35.

Analyti, A., Theodorakis, M., Spyratos, N. and Constantopoulos, P. (2007) ‘Contextualization as an independent abstraction mechanism for conceptual modelin ’ Information S stems Vol 32 No 1 24 60modeling’, Information Systems, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp.24–60.

Schilit, B.N. and Theimer, M.M. (1994) ‘Disseminating active map information to mobile hosts’, IEEE Network, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp.22–32.

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ReferencesReferencesDey, A.K. (2001) ‘Understanding and using context’, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp.4–7.Firat A Madnick S and Manola F (2005) ‘Multidimensional ontology views via Firat, A., Madnick, S. and Manola, F. (2005) Multidimensional ontology views via contexts in the ecoin semantic interoperability framework’, in P. Shvaiko, J. Euzenat, A. Leger, D.L. McGuinness and H.Wache (Eds). Contexts and Ontologies: Papers from the 2005 AAAI Workshop, Volume WS-05-01 of Technical Report, Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press pp 1 8CA: AAAI Press, pp.1–8.Chen, H., Finin, T. and Joshi, A. (2003) ‘An ontology for context-aware pervasive computing environments’, The Knowledge Engineering Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp.197–207.Strang, T., Linnhoff-Popien, C. and Frank, K. (2003) ‘CoOL: a context ontology language to enable contextual interoperability’, in J-B. Stefani, I. Demeure and D. Hagimont (Eds). Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems –DAIS 2003, Volume 2893 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Paris, France: Springer, o u e 893 o ectu e otes Co pute Sc e ce, a s, a ce: Sp ge , pp.236–247.Christof Simons “CMP: A UML Context Modeling Profile for Mobile DistributedSystems” Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on

'System Sciences (HICSS'07), IEEE,2007

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ReferencesReferencesContextUML: A UML-Based Modeling Language for Model-DrivenDevelopment of Context-Aware Web Services Quan Z. Sheng and Boualem Benatallah School of Computer Science and Engineering The University of New Benatallah School of Computer Science and Engineering The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia {qsheng, boualem}@cse.unsw.edu.au

Christof Simons “CMP: A UML Context Modeling Profile for Mobile Distributed Systems” Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on y gSystem Sciences (HICSS'07), IEEE,2007

Buchholz, T., Kpper, A., Schiffers, M.: Quality of context: What it is and why we need it. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop of the HP OpenView U A (HPOVUA) H l P k d O V U University Association(HPOVUA), Hewlet-Packard OpenView University Association (2003)

Atif Manzoor, Hong-Linh Truong, and Schahram Dustdar, “On the Evaluation of Quality of Context” Distributed Systems Group Vienna University of Technology D Quality of Context Distributed Systems Group, Vienna University of Technology, D. Roggen et al. (Eds.): EuroSSC 2008

Context-aware Process Design: Exploring the Extrinsic Drivers for Process Flexibility Michael Rosemann, Jan Recker Business Process Management Group y , J g pQueensland University of Technology 126 Margaret Street, Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia

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ReferencesReferencesBusiness Process Analysis and Optimization: Beyond Reengineering Kostas Vergidis, Student Member, IEEE, Ashutosh Tiwari, Member, IEEE, and Basim Majeed, Member, IEEE 2008IEEE, 2008

Karsten Ploesser, Jan Recker and Michael Rosemann “Towards a Classification and Lifecycle of Business Process Change” Business Process Management Group Queensland University of Technology, 2010Q y gy,

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Context Aware Customizable BPM- Progressrafea/CSCE590/Spring10/Maryam/ISOS_BPM_Progress... · `Sl i di f d l h Salomie discusses two fundamental research problems in the domain of