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Continuing Education for Journalists in South Africa
Prof. John V. Pavlik, Ph.D.
Director, Journalism Resources Institute
Chair, Department of Journalism and
Media Studies, SCILS, Rutgers
About JRI
Founded by Jerome Aumente in 1981 Outreach arm of journalism program linking the
classroom to the newsroom Workshops for journalists International projects in many parts of the world,
including Poland, Bosnia, Russia and now South Africa
Founded the GSSPA Research on various topics, including ethnic and
immigrant news media of NJ and NJ Journalist continuing education in South Africa
South Africa Project
Building on Rutgers tradition in South Africa Based on history of continuing education for
journalists at JRI and international outreach Catalyst: Rutgers visit by Charlayne Hunter-
Gault, CNN Johannesberg Bureau Chief
Continuing Education for SA Journalists
Initial focus on SA but eventually hope to extend to other parts of Africa
Start with science, health and technology, move on to other subjects
Science, health and technology research has been a research strength of SA, from at least 1967 when Professor Christiaan Barnard performed the first human heart transplant on the third of December 1967 in the Groote Schuur Hospital , Cape Town.
SALT
Southern African Large Telescope Largest Single telescope in the southern
hemisphere, “with a hexagonal mirror array 11 metres across.”
Located outside Cape Town near Sutherland Rutgers is largest of more than a dozen
international partners in SALT
SALT
Clifford Nxomani is head of collateral benefits for SALT
Hosted our July 2004 visit to Cape Town and SALT, workshop for SA two dozen journalists, scientists and public officials
SALT web cam: http://www.salt.ac.za/content/webcam/default.htm
Cape Town (photos taken with my cellphone)
SALT
With Dr. Nxomani and Co.
On the Way to Grahamstown(Rhodes University)
Durban
Jo’burg
About the Journalism Workshop Tools
– News/Information Gathering (Reporting)– Editing/Production– Storytelling– Analysis, Interpretation and Synthesis – Numerical Competence– New Media Literacy
Context– Media Judgment– Ethics– Law– History– Cultural Breadth– Civic Knowledge
First Online Group Created for Science Journalists in SA
Newsgathering Tools
Miniature digital cameras/cell phone cameras/PDAs
Satellite phones Audio acquisition Computational Cameras Remote Sensing Incorporating data into media visualizations
Miniature, Digital Cameras
Megapixel (8.3 Megapixel in 2004=35mm Film resolution)
MPEG, MPEG-2 A/V Small file size Night vision/infrared,
holographic autofocus Full range of manual settings,
built-in flash Used in reporting war in
Balkans, Drazen Pantic
Satellite Phones
Computer, camera/mic and sat phone
Report from anywhere, anytime on planet– Bob Martin used these tools to
report from Afghanistan – Photo: Marilyn Painter,
nytimes.com 1/31/02
Digital Audio Capture with Speech Recognition
Memory Stick® Digital Voice Recorder with Dragon Naturally Speaking™ Software
Computational Cameras, Prof. Shree Nayar
360-degree Cameras
360 photo of Dealey plaza, site of Kennedy assassination
Inside Diallo Vestibule
Fullview (www.fullview.com)
Vic Nalwa High resolution, full motion system Uses multiple cameras aimed at multiple flat mirrors
Cyclops
Dynamic Range Imaging
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/CAVE/
Remote Sensing Satellite Imaging– What is it? Its origins?
– End of Cold War: Access to denied areas Covering disasters (e.g., California fall 2003 brushfires),
environmental stories, military conflicts– Leading sources: Space Imaging (www.spaceimaging.com)
DigitalGlobe (www.digitalglobe.com); see also www.gizmorama.com)
– Shutter control: First Amendment battleground Alternative government censorship strategy: spending millions of dollars to
buy exclusive rights to satellite images, a strategy invoked during the fall of 2001
These two satellite images taken from 422 miles above the Earth depict the same area of Mozambique before and after the country’s civil war. On the left is 1973, on the right 1985. The photos clearly show a significant loss of vegetation and man-made infrastructure,
a casualty of the destructive war. Such satellite imagery is increasingly used in news media reporting about developments on
the Earth, from the effects of war to environmental change.
1973 1985
Spy-plane, Hainan Island: one-meter resolution
Space Imaging: U.S. Navy EP-3 "Aries II" sits on runway at Lingshui Military Airfield, Hainan Island, South China Sea. Space Imaging's IKONOS satellite collected this one-meter, color image 10:12 am April 4, 2001 local time.
Incorporating Data into News Visualizations
News using topographic data to create accurate visualizations, 3D extrusions, merging with real-time weather data– CBS News Case of Mt. Everest
Artist rendered vs. data-generated
– Afghanistan, Tora Bora, and Osama Bin Laden
– NYTimes and Trump Tower near UN– NASA asteroid animation
Ethics: Image Manipulation Seeing is not believing
– National G. pyramids: Feb., 1982
– Time: June 27, 1994– Nov. 2000: Bill Clinton and
Fidel Castro did meet in New York
Altered images/video: Addition, Subtraction, Composite, Synthetic images, video, audio
Labeling content, maintaining standards of truth, accuracy, fairness
Managing Virtual Newsroom
The Mobile Journalist Workstation– Laptop computer– Hand-held computer– Mobile e-mail-digital cellular– High-speed wireless Internet – GPS/GIS (geographic information systems)– Acquisition devices– www.cs.columbia.edu/graphics
Online/external hard-drives VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)/Instant Messaging
Managing Virtual Newsroom
Security in an online world Syndication Strong encryption
– Digital watermarking, www.ctr.columbia.edu/sari
– Protecting copyright, authenticating content, restorative
– Encrypting email via www.pgpi.org (Diffie-Hellman public key cryptography)
Global Positioning System GPS for time, date,
longitude, latitude and altitude stamp
Protecting copyright Authenticating
photos and video
Integrated Systems
Augmented Reality Situated Documentaries (tomorrow’s
lecture) Mobility; PDA’s now in use in newsrooms,
including NewsMate (e.g., being used in European radio news coverage)
Mobile Augmented Reality:The Situated Documentary
Freedom of Press AJ Liebling: freedom of the press is
guaranteed only to those who own one. Digital press brings responsibility (
www.ojr.org).