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Continuous Data from GPS Collars
Analyzing time and location
Yellowstone National Park
Tyler Coleman & Andrea Amparore (presented by Ann Rodman)
It’s 5 am, do you know where your grizzly bears are?
GPS Collar Data
The problem with so much data . . .
. . . is how quickly it gets complicated.
The Study 15 Grizzly bears with GPS collars
location every 30 min 75,000 locations/season
Backpacker groups with GPS units location every 5 min 140 trips/season 76,000 locations/season
74 campsites
A huge amount of data !
2007 GPS Collar data
Study Location
35 miles
Bears: 75 Hikers: 2,600 Four bear management
areas
Management questions
Humans and grizzly bears in the backcountry
How often are the bears and hikers in close proximity?
Which areas have a higher likelihood of human/bear interactions
Hiker trips + Bear movement
Need the time and date when the tracks cross the intersection point
In the 2007 data there are more than 15,000 of these intersection points
10:16:23 6/25/2007
10:00:14 6/25/2007
10:30:18 6/25/2007
10:19:32 6/25/2007
10:21:28 6/25/2007
bears Intersection hikers
Linear Referencing Time - bears
Use GPS points to add time to lines• Need consecutive numbers
Clean up GPS data
Convert from date/time to decimal hours• start midnight 1/1/07
10:00:14 6/25/20074186.00 hrs
10:30:18 6/25/20074186.50 hrs
begin
beginend
10:13:28 6/25/20074186.22 hrs
Linear Referencing Time - people
begin
begin
end
10:16:23 6/25/20074186.27 hrs
10:19:32 6/25/20074186.33 hrs
10:21:28 6/25/20074186.36 hrs
end
10:18:48 6/25/20074186.31 hrs
10:13:28 6/25/20074186.22 hrs
10:18:48 6/25/20074186.31 hrs
5:200.09 hrs
Bear crosses point Hikers cross point Time difference
bears No intersection hikers
How often do bear and hiker routes come close to each other without crossing?
3786.16 hrs
3786.21 hrs3786.22 hrs
3786.28 hrs
Management questionsCampsites: Do bears . . .
• go into occupied campsites?
• enter during the day or during the night?
Bears and campsites
What is the timing?
Buffered campsite
500 m (sight)
100 m (noise)
50 m (core area)
10 m (campsite)
Bear route with time
Campsite buffer
Data clock chartWithin 500 m
Within 50 m
Tracking Analyst display
Data viewBearsBears
CampersCampers
Campsite “timelines”
6000 hours (250 days)
People in camp (linear event along route)
Bear in occupied camp (point event)
Bear in camp (point event)
2000Begin (3/25)
8000
End (11/30) timeline route for a campsite
intersect
Comparing CampsitesBears early
Bears late
Bears all season
Unpopular with bears and people
