Continuum Expanded

7/30/2019 Continuum Expanded

1/22

HCKWBKUUD& E^YJKGEG,

:+ BKWEMQJWBCK& J @QJDE]CQO

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Jt tne turk c` tne twektbetn hektury tne Merdjk djtnedjtbhbjkNerdjkk Dbkocwsob put `crwjrg j rjgbhjf kew bgej j `cur$gbdeksbckjf`jarbh djge up c` cur tnree `jdbfbjr gbdeksbcks c` spjhe jkg j `curtn gb$deksbck< tbde+ Nekhe`crtn spjhe ay btsef` jkg tbde ay btsef` jre gccdegtc `jge jwjy bktc dere snjgcws jkg ckfy j obkg c` ukbck c` tne twc wbffpreserve jk bkgepekgekt rejfbty .Dbkocwsob :251"+ Wnbs djkb`cfg gbg kctkemjte tne exbstekhe c` ebtner spjhe cr tbde bt sbdpfy kemjteg tne jht tnjttney were bkgepekgekt `rcd ejhn ctner+ Qcumnfy j gehjge ejrfber NekrbAermsck njg rjtner pcetbhjffy expresseg bt ay stjtbkm tnjt tbde hckhebvegukger tne crd c` jk ukacukgeg jkg ncdcmekecus degbud bs kctnbkm auttne mncst c` spjhe njuktbkm tne reehtbve hckshbcuskess .Aermsck :>>2"+

Arejobkm jwjy `rcd tne Mjfbfejk jkg Kewtckbjk prbkhbpfes tnjtnjg rufeg ]esterk pnysbhs sbkhe tne ekg c` tne Qekjbssjkhe erj Dbkocwsobpresekteg j acfg kew djtnedjtbhjf pbhture c` pnysbhjf rejfbty tnjt hcufgjhhcddcgjte jkg derme j kudaer c` huttbkm egme tnecrbes ck fbmnt de$hnjkbhs djtter jkg ekermy+ Wnbs kew spjhetbde dejkt jajkgckbkm tnejascfutekess c` Kewtcks suastjktbvjfbsd jkg jgcptbkm j vbew bk wnbhnactn tbde jkg spjhe were gepekgekt ck tne caserver+ Aubfgbkm ck prevbcusjkg pjrjffef wcro ay Nekrb Ycbkhjr Nekgrbo Fcrektz Ljdes Hfero Djxweffjkg ctners Dbkocwsob hcktrbauteg j mrejt gejf tc tne `cukgjtbck c` JfaertEbkstebks spehbjf tnecry c` refjtbvbty wnbhn djge exteksbve use c` spjhetb$

de js bts hckheptujf `rjdewcro+

, @cr vjfujafe hcddekts jkg scurhes bk tne prchess c` tnbs text B jd dcst mrjte`uf tc WncdAfjoe Wnec Aurt Hfugbj @jus Djro @eff Qjf M+ Yrjtmbkests Xetn Ncrvbtz Jkkj QjdcsKrbj Qcgrmuez Xtepnek Xnjrp jkg Yeter ]crtn+

: Wne kctbck c` spjhetbde exbsteg ae`cre Dbkocwsobs djkb`cfg .Lejk fe Qckg gJfedaertLcsepn Fjmrjkme Ljdes H+ Djxweff jkg Jrtnur Xhncpeknjuer `cr exjdpfe" aut B jd hck$hektrjtbkm ck Dbkocwsobs vbew aehjuse tnbs essjy bs scdencw tbeg tc refjtbvbty+

WNBX UYGJWEG PEQXBCK C@ WNE HCKWBKUUD EXXJR JHHCDYJKBEX WNE WJYEQJPE XRKWNEXBX JYYQC^BDJWBCKX C@ MRQMR FBMEWBX HCKWBKUUD YJQW BB&]QBWWEK JKG QEHCQGEG AR XWEYNEK XNJQY & QCH LBDKE\ GE HBXKEQCX@CQ WNE E^YEQBDEKWJF DUXBH REJQACCOBK FCX JKMEFEX+


2/22

Bk bts jhheptjkhe c` spjhetbde pcst$:295 pnysbhs bkvbtes us tc trejt

spjhe jkg tbde ck equjf `cctbkm aut bk j scrt c` hcukter$bktubtbve twbstbt jfsc bdpfbes bkhcdpjtbabfbtbes bk tne prcpertbes c` tbde jkg spjhe+ ]eokcw `rcd experbekhe tnjt we hjk dcve bk jff gbrehtbcks c` spjhe aut kctbk tbde ycu djy hnccse tc wjfo tcwjrgs tne kcrtn aut ycu hjkkct dcvetcwjrgs tne pjst+ Ctner gb`èrekhes jre fess cavbcus+ Bk tne Abm Ajkm dcgef`cr exjdpfe tne Abm Ajkm sbkmufjrbty bs j pcbkt bk tne tbdefbke c` tne ukbver$se .scde :8+= abffbck yejrs jmc" aut bt bs kctj pcbkt bk spjhe sbkhe jff spjhewjs hckhektrjteg yet tc expjkg jt tne dcdekt c` tne sbkmufjrbty+ Gespbtetne hckheptujf bktemrjtbck c` spjhetbde gbrehtbck bk tbde jkg bk spjhe gceskct wcro tne sjde wjy+

Xpjhe bs bsctrcpbh? tnere bs kc true up cr gcwk aehjuse suhn kctbcksgepekg ck wnere jkg ncw ycu jre sbtujteg+ Wne hcsdcfcmbhjf prbkhbpfe stj$tes tnjt every gbrehtbck c` spjhe bs jsmccg js jky ctner< tnjt bs spjtbjf crbek$tjtbck jkg spjtbjf gbrehtbck jre refjtbve+ Ncwever tne gbrehtbck c` tbde re$quektfy gepbhteg js tne detjpncrbhjf jrrcw c` tbde& turks cut tc ae duhndcre rbmbg+ Dejsuredekts c` tbde jre hertjbkfy refjtbve aut tne bdjmbkjryjrrcw jfwjys dcves `rcd pjst tc ùture kever tne ctner wjy jrcukg+ Jtfejst bk cur rembck c` tne ukbverse tne jrrcw jfwjys pcbkts bk tne sjde gb$rehtbck+1 Ukfboe tne hjse c` spjhe tnbs gbrehtbckjfbty bs kct refjtbve< tbde bsjkbsctrcpbh kct syddetrbhjf+

Wne kjture c` tbde njs aeek exteksbvefy geajteg `cr hekturbes ay

shbektbsts jkg pnbfcscpners jfboe aut bt redjbks j pjrtbhufjrfy jkkcybkmpuzzfe< scdetnbkm tnjt we hjkkct ejsbfy pbkpcbkt jkg yet hckstjktfy ex$perbekhe jkg qujktb`y+ Wne very kctbcks c` nbstcry nerbtjme jkg dedcryjff c` wnbhn jre rdfy bkmrjbkeg bk tne trjksdbssbck c` nudjk hufture& jrejfsc bkextrbhjafy fbkoeg tc tbde+ Aut js scck js we stjrt jsobkm cursefvesjacut tne kjture c` tnbs dysterbcus cw& we kg tnjt bt bs njrg tc geke jsjk jastrjht ektbty sepjrjte `rcd cur gjy$tc$gjy experbekhe c` tne wcrfg+@urtnerdcre b` we re`rjbk `rcd usbkm jastrjhtbcks acrrcweg `rcd dcgerkshbekhe suhn js tnerdcgykjdbh ektrcpy cr tne j`credektbckeg jrrcw c`tbde tnbkms met evek njrger js we rejfbse tnjt we jhtujffy tekg tc reèr tc

tbde bk terds c` spjhe+ Lust fboe tne jkhbekt Bkhjs scdetnbkm bk cur bktubtb$ve mrjsp c` rejfbty djoes cur fjkmujme hcrrefjte spjhe jkg tbde+

Ynrjses jkg bgbcds suhn js tne pjssbkm c` tbde tne `jht tnjt tbdebes tne cw c` tbde jkg djky dcre summest gbrehtbckjfbty jkg spjtbjf

1 Fjwrekhe Xhnufdjk jt Hfjrosck Ukbversbty bs cke c` tne djlcr prcpckekts c` cppc$sbte$rukkbkm tbde rembcks bk tne ukbverse+ Xhnufdjks sbte .nttp


3/22

prcpertbes+ ]e evek spejo c` evekts tjobkmpfjhe jt scde pcbkt bk tbde+ Yjst

presekt jkg ùture jre c`tek hckheptujfbseg bk terds c` spjtbjf crbektjtbcktcc+ Jff tnese crbektjtbckjf detjpncrs geshrbaeg ay Neraert Hfjro .:2=8"jre rccteg bk cur pnysbhjf jkg hufturjf experbekhe evek b` tney jre kct ukb$versjffy bkterhnjkmejafe< dcst nudjk huftures use spjtbjf represektjtbcks`cr tbde aut tnese hjk vjry bk tnebr struhturjf jpprcjhnes+

Mecrme Fjoc`` jkg Djro Lcnksck .:2>9" pcbkt cut tnjt tncumn tnepcfjr cppcsbtbcks up$gcwk bk$cut eth+ jre pnysbhjf bk kjture tne crbek$tjtbckjf detjpncrs ajseg ck tned hjk vjry `rcd hufture tc hufture+ @crexjdpfe bk scde huftures tne ùture bs bk `rckt c` us wnerejs bk ctners btbs bk ajho+ Evek bk suhn hjses& fjkmujme seeds tc `jvcur tne ukbhjtbck c`spjtbjf jkg tedpcrjf gbdeksbcks+ Lejk Ybjmets hckservjtbck experbdekts bktne :259s summesteg tnjt hnbfgrek aetweek tne jmes c` twc jkg ve hckùsetne spjtbjf jkg tne tedpcrjf .Ybjmet :257"+ Wnjt bs tnjt tne sepjrjtbck c` tnespjtbjf jkg tne tedpcrjf bs tc j hertjbk extekt fejrkt bt bs hufturjf+

1+ DJYYBKM EPEKWX JFCKM WNE WEDYCQJF J^BX

Xtugbes njve sncwk tnjt estjafbsneg hufturjf hnjrjhterbstbhs suhn js tne gb$rehtbck c` wrbtbkm bk j fjkmujme hckgbtbck tne struhture c` cur tedpcrjf$spjtbjf represektjtbcks+ Crfy @unrdjk jkg Ferj Acrcgbtsoy .19:9" wrbte Hcktbkuud wjs jk efjacrjte tjoe ck tne hck$bht aetweek tne gbshrete jkg tne hcktbkucus& js weff js j tncumnt$prcvc$

obkm jkjfysbs c` cur sualehtbve experbekhe c` tbde+ ]rbttek `cr njrpsbhncrg.versbcks `cr ajrref crmjk jkg pfjyer pbjkc jfsc exbst" tne pbehe hnjffekmestne per`crders jabfbty tc pfjy extredefy `jst sequekhes c` kctes ck twcoeyacjrgs jkg tne fbstekers perheptbck c` tncse kctes wnbhn kc fckmerjppejr js bkgbvbgujf scukgs aut js pjrt c` j sckbh hcktbkuud+ Wne sbfektmjps aetweek kctes jre jugbafe aut tney aehcde ùzzy afurry jkg jfdcstgbsjppejr gue tc tne nbmn speeg c` tne perhussbve mrjbks jkg tne kcbse c`tne strbkms aebkm rjpbgfy pfuhoeg ay tne pfehtrud+

Wnus Fbmetbs perheptujf stugy prcves tc ae jk jvjkt fj fetre gedcks$trjtbck c` Gjvbg Nurcks prbkhbpfe c` tedpcrjf hcktbkubty jhhcrgbkm tc

wnbhn bk crger tc evcoe strckm jugbtcry strejds _cke sncufgT use hcktb$kucus cr rehurrbkm rjtner tnjk arbe` cr bkterdbttekt scukg scurhes+ Bkterdbt$tekt scukgs sncufg ae sepjrjteg ay kc dcre tnjk rcumnfy >99 dbffbsehckgsc` sbfekhe bk crger tc jssure tne perheptbck c` hcktbkubty .Nurck 199:"+

Fbmetb hjffeg nbs pbehe j pjtterk$bffusbck pbehe fj Djurbts Eshner.Fbmetb bk Hnclkjhoj"+ Wne reèrekhe tc Eshner bs dcre tnjk jpprcprbjtenere< bt wjs tne Guthn jrtbst wnc prcpcseg j kew jkg rjgbhjf tjoe ck tnejkhbekt tehnkbque c` tesseffjtbck wnbhn hfejrfy resckjtes bk tne mrjkufjrstruhture c`Hcktbkuud+ Eshner& nejvbfy bkuekheg ay djtnedjtbhs jkg tc$

HCKWBKUUD E^YJKGEG0


7/22

pcfcmy bdpfedekteg hckhepts fboe tne Dabus strbp bk j kudaer c` wcros

bk crger tc jggress jk uk`jdbfbjr& c`tek jasurg tjoe ck hnjkme& cw jkgbkkbty+ Bk Eshners prbkts& sequekhes c` evekts suhn js tne wjter rukkbkmbk tne `jdcus ]jter`jff .:20:" ge`y tne vbewers ukgerstjkgbkm c` geptnperspehtbve jkg everygjy pnysbhs+ Ebtner tbde cr spjhe jppejr tc mc jmjbksthcddck sekse bk tnese vbsujf pjrjgcxes+

Detjdcrpncsbs BBB& kbsneg tne sjde yejr js Hcktbkuud bs j fjrmewccghut prbkt bk wnbhn Eshner ckhe jmjbk pfjys wbtn bffusbck syddetryjkg hnjkme jfckm vjrbcus mrbgs jkg crmjkbh hnequereg pjtterks+ Js wbtn tnekctes bk Hcktbkuud we hjkkct met duhn `rcd bscfjtbkm bkgbvbgujf gbshretecalehts `rcd tne hjkvjsses+ Wne rejf purpcse c` tne trbjkmfes& snes& abrgs&ncrses ncuses jkg squjres bs tc arbkm jacut tne edermekhe c` j hcktbkuudtnjt hnjffekmes cur bktubtbve hcdpreneksbck c` spjhetbde jkg tne wjy uk$gjdektjf afchos hcdpcse fjrmer ektbtbes+

Bk Fbmetbs pbehe tne hcktbkuud bffusbck bs j pcetbh cke we okcwtnere jre mjps aetweek tne kctes+ Aut bkgbvbgujf kctes jre tcc `jst `cr tnefbsteker tc exjdbke ck j cke ay$cke$ajsbs sc evek tncumn tne wncfe .tneperhebveg hcktbkuud" bs kct jhtujffy rejf bt bs ejsber tc refjte tc tnjk bts`ukgjdektjf afchos .tnbs rjbses bkterestbkm pjrjffefs wbtn tne fckm nbstcryc` jrmudektjtbck bk tne pnbfcscpnbhjf fbterjture ck pjrt$wncfe refjtbcks"+7

Js b` peerbkm tnrcumn j dbhrcshcpe Hcktbkuud revejfs jk bkvbsbafebdjmbkjry fjttbhe tnjt gbhtjtes tne strbht crger c` jff c` bts scukg afchos+ Bk

geshrbabkm tne bkuekhe c` sua$Xjnjrjk dusbh bk tne bffuscry pjtterk ge`cr$djtbcks c`Gscrgre& tne rst acco c`tuges pcur pbjkc .:2>5"& Fbmetb .:229"sjys< Bk J`rbhj hyhfes cr perbcgs c` hckstjktfy equjf fekmtn jre suppcrtegay j remufjr aejt .wnbhn bs usujffy gjkheg kct pfjyeg"+ Wne bkgbvbgujf aejthjk ae gbvbgeg bktc twc& tnree& scdetbdes evek `cur cr ve efedektjryukbts cr `jst pufses+ B edpfcy kebtner tne hyhfbh `crd kcr tne aejts aut userjtner tne efedektjry pufse js jk ukgerfybkm mrbgwcro+ Hcktbkuud hjk jfdcst ae ukgerstccg js j dusbhjf jkjfcmy c` tneKyqubst$Xnjkkck tnecred tne ajsbs cr gbmbtjf sjdpfbkm c` jkjfcmue sbmkjfswnbhn stjtes tnjt j hcktbkucus jkjfcmue sbmkjf hjk ae sjdpfeg jkg e`hbektfy

7 Evek tncumn tnbs njs aeek cke c` dy djbk bkterests `cr j wnbfe B `eef fboe efjacrjtbkm ckbt nere wcufg ae tcc duhn c` j tjkmekt `rcd tne hurrekt gbshussbck+ B rehcddekg rejgbkmjfdcst jkytnbkm ay Wnecgcre Xbger Gejk \bdderdjk cr Yeter vjk Bkwjmek+ Wne fbterjtu$re bs uff c` rjgbhjffy cppcseg pcsbtbcks sc hnehobkm cut dcre tnjk cke jutncr bs j dust* Ckj sbge kcte Eshners Detjdcrpncsbs BBBbs jfsc refjteg tc derecfcmy jkg pjrtnccg+ Xtepnekjkg B rehektfy hcdpfeteg j fjrme EPCF wcro hjffeg :99 vjrbjtbcks `cr scfc nccvertnjt tcuhnesupck bssues suhn js pjrt#wncfe refjtbcksnbps sbdbfjrbty acukgjrbes jkg sc ck .tncumnnckestfy tne pcbkt wjs sbdpfy tc hrejte j arutjf bdpcssbafe tc gbmest pbehe c` dusbh"+

HCKWBKUUD E^YJKGEG=


8/22

rehckstruhteg rcd j sequekhe c` gbshrete sjdpfes b` tne sjdpfbkm rjte .per

sehckg" exheegs twbhe tne nbmnest `requekhy c` tne crbmbkjf sbmkjf+ Bk Hck$tbkuud tne gbshrete kctes pfjyeg jt j `jst rjte .tne Kyqubst requekhy bk tnbsjkjfcmy" mbve rbse tc tne bffusbck c` hcktbkucus scukg+

Bk `jht bk bts pcetbh qujktbsjtbck c` scukg Hcktbkuud grjws jttek$tbck tc jkctner pressbkm bssue tnjt jrcse bk pnysbhs jt tne turk c` tne twek$tbetn hektury jrcukg tne tbde tnjt Dbkocwsob bktrcguheg spjhetbde< ncwhjk j wcrfg tnjt bs mrjbky jkg qujktbseg jt j suajtcdbh fevef jppejr hck$tbkucus& sdcctn& jkg cwbkm bk cur djhrcshcpbh gjy tc gjy exbstekhe3 Bsrejfbty hcktbkucus cr gbshrete3 Gces rejfbty sbdpfy jppejr hcktbkucus tc usjs j ay$prcguht c` cur sekscry systed3

Jfgcus Nuxfeys hckhept c` dbkg jt fjrme js geshrbaeg bk nbs :257acco Wne Gccrs c` Yerheptbck summests tnjt tne arjbks ukhtbck bs kct tc hrej$te& aut tc fter tc prcteht us rcd jk cverfcjg c` sekscry bkputs+ Wnus& tnearjbks lca bs tc sdcctn rejfbty sbdpfb`y experbekhe jkg uftbdjtefy eksuretne survbvjf jkg reprcguhtbck c` tne spehbes+5

@cr dbffekkbj djky c` tne psyhnctrcpbh experbdekts jgvchjteg ayNuxfey bk tnbs jkg ctner accos njve aeek stjkgjrg prjhtbhe bk refbmbcus jkgsnjdjkbstbh huftures jrcukg tne wcrfg+ Geshrbptbcks c` tnese experbekhesc`tek bkhfuge j hcdpfetefy gb`èrekt perheptbck c` rejfbty cke bk wnbhn tbdejkg spjhe jre grjstbhjffy wjrpegevek fejgbkm tc tne fcss c` tne sualehtssekse c` sef`+ Jdy Ajuer .1997" hcdpjres Hcktbkuud tc tne gbstcrteg per$

heptbck c` tbde bk shnbzcpnrekbh sebzures+ Jt tne very fejst tne tbde shjfejkg kcte geksbty c` tne hcdpcsbtbck seed tc pfjy wbtn tne jestnetbh jppejfc` sekscry cverfcjg+

Fbmetb wrcte Hcktbkuud tnree yejrs j`ter Wcky Hckrjg djge nbs fdWne @fbhoer+ Jkg gespbte tne cavbcus gb`èrekhes aetweek tne twc actn usej sbdbfjr struhturjf jpprcjhn ajseg ck pufse trjbks sequekhes c` jfter$kjtbkm cppcsbtes+ Bk Hckrjgs strcacshcpbh fd& bt bs tne afjho jkg wnbte`rjdes tnjt jfterkjte? bk Fbmetbs hcdpcsbtbck& bt bs tne rjpbg uhtujtbck c`kctes jkg mjps+

Actn pbehes pfjy wbtn sekscry djkbpufjtbck jkg perheptujf e`èhts

jkg cperjte jt j rjte tnjt bs `jst ekcumn tc bkguhe bffuscry hcktbkuud tcscde gemree aut jfsc sfcw .cr gbshckkehteg" ekcumn sc tnjt persbstekhec`

5 B njg rejg jacut tnbs kctbck bk j kudaer c` essjys jacut evcfutbckjry tnecrbes aut B ckfyrehektfy nejrg jacut Nuxfeys bgej bk j pjkef jt tne Xhbekhe Duseud bk Ajrhefckj wnereHjrf Dbhnjef vck Njuswcf`` djge j pcbkt jacut dbkg jt fjrme wnbfe we were tjfobkmjacut nudjk vs+ jkbdjf tbde shjfes+ Nuxfeys pcbkt djy ae derefy j re`crdufjtbck c` pre$vbcus bgejs aut bt bs espehbjffy bkterestbkm bk tne hcktext c` psyhnegefbh experbekhes+

HCKWBKUUD E^YJKGEG>


9/22

vbsbck jkg bts sckbh equbvjfekt bk Fbmetbs hjse gc kct qubte prcvbge j hfejk

hcktbkucus strejd+0 & =

Jfckm sbdbfjr fbkes tc tne bdpressbck c` sejdfess vb$sujf cw bk rehcrgeg dcvbkm bdjmes .cr mrjbkber prehegekts suhn js zcetrc$pes jkg bpaccos"& j kudaer c` shncfjrs bk tne efg c` keurcshbekhe suppcrtj tnecry jhhcrgbkm tc wnbhn hckshbcuskess edermes `rcd tne sud c` djkysekscry gjtj strejds ejhn c` wnbhn bs kc dcre tnjk j hcffehtbck c` gbshretebkputs+ Bk ctner wcrgs tnjt cur perheptbck c` tne wcrfg js j hcktbkucuscw bs derefy jk bffusbck .CQemjk bk Afjhodcre 1995"+ Wnbs vbew njg aeekprevbcusfy hnjdpbckeg ay twektbetn hektury hcdpcsers fboe êkjobs wnc`jdcusfy bdpfedekteg mrjbk$ajseg tehnkbques bk nbs wcro+ êkjobs .:22:"sjbg< Jff scukg bs jk bktemrjtbck c` mrjbks c` efedektjry sckbh pjrtbhfes c`sckbh qujktj+ Jff scukg _T bs hckhebveg js jk jssedafjme c` j fjrme kudaerc` efedektjry mrjbks jgequjtefy gbspcseg bk tbde+

7+ GUQJWBCK& GBFJWBCK

Bk nbs jkjfysbs c` tne pnekcdekcfcmy c` tbde Egdukg Nusserf expfjbkegpjst presekt jkg ùture .tne tnree gbvbsbcks c` cur `jdbfbjr represektj$tbck c` tbde" bk terds c` wnjt ne hjffs retektbck jkg prctektbck+ Qetektbckjffcws us tc experbekhe .tnrcumn dedcry" tne pjst bk tne kcw wnbfe prc$tektbck prcvbges us wbtn expehtjtbcks jacut tne ùture+ Wne experbekhe c`

tbde jfwjys tjoes pfjhe bk tne presekt tne kcw aut tnrcumn retektbck jkgprctektbck we jre jafe tc aubfg j hckkehteg sualehtbve experbekhe c` pjstpresekt jkg ùture wnbhn we hckhebve js j hcktbkuud j pctektbjffy bk$kbte fbke+ Wc put tnbs bk Dbkocwsobjk terds jmjbk& Qusseff Xtjkkjrg .199>"sjys< Cke c` tne gbshckhertbkm èjtures jacut `cur$gbdeksbckjf spjhetbdebs tnjt kctnbkm hnjkmes+ Hnjkmes chhur bk tbde+ Aut spjhetbde bs kct bk tbde?

0 Bk `jht strcacshcpes jre typbhjffy useg tc djoe dcvbkm calehts jppejr tc ae stjtbckjrycr jt fejst dcvbkm jt j sfcwer rjte lust fboe tne kcte sequekhes bk Hcktbkuud bkguhe j scrt

c` perhebveg stjsbs+ Bkhrejsbkmfy `jster strcaes hcktbkue tc ae gevefcpeg tc catjbk hfejrerpbhtures c` bkhrejsbkmfy sdjff suajtcdbh pjrtbhfes+ Cke c` tne fjst abm jgvjkhes bk tne efg.bk 199:" wjs j strcae hjpjafe c` edbttbkm bkgbvbgujf pufses c` lust 119 jttcsehckgs cr 119abffbcktns c` j abffbcktn c` j sehckg+

= Yersbstekhe c` vbsbck bs stbff tne jhhepteg terd `cr tnbs pnekcdekck bk tne rejfd c` hbke$dj nbstcry jkg tnecry+ Bk tne ejrfy gjys c` fd bkkcvjtbck& bt wjs shbektbhjffy geterdbkegtnjt j `rjde rjte c` fess tnjk sbxteek `rjdes per sehckg hjuseg tne dbkg tc see jsnbkmbdjmes+ Jugbekhes stbff bkterpret dctbck jt rjtes js fcw js tek `rjdes per sehckg cr sfcwer.js bk j bpacco"& aut tne bhoer hjuseg ay tne snutter c` j fd prclehtcr bs gbstrjhtbkmaefcw tne sbxteek$`rjde tnresncfg .`rcd ]bobpegbj"+

HCKWBKUUD E^YJKGEG2


10/22

tbde bs bk spjhetbde .js cke c` bts jxes"+ Evekts tnjt we hustcdjrbfy tnbko

c` js kc fckmer exbstbkm aehjuse tney fbe bk tne pjst gc exbst bk spjhetbde+Bk tne sjde wjy ùture evekts wnbhn we kcrdjffy tnbko c` js kct yet exbs$tbkm gc exbst bk spjhetbde+ Bk tne `crdufjtbck c` nbs tnecry Nusserf wjsbkuekheg ay ]bffbjd Ljdes pbckeerbkm wcro Yrbkhbpfes c` Ysyhncfcmy wnbhnexpjkgeg tne hckhept c` tnespehbcus presekt hcbkeg j ew yejrs ejrfber ay E+Qcaert Oeffy+ Ljdes .:>29" gekeg tne spehbcus presekt js tne sncrt gurj$tbck c` wnbhn we jre bddegbjtefy jkg bkhessjktfy seksbafe+

Wnbs vbew c` tne presekt kc fckmer j gurjtbckfess bkstjkt aut j sncrtfjpse nefpeg Ljdes jkg ctners expfjbk `cr bkstjkhe wny we jre jafe tcsee dcvedekt+ J`ter jff dctbck chhurs cver jk bktervjf kct j pcbkt$fboebkstjkt+ Wnus b` tne presekt were gurjtbckfess we wcufg kct see pbhturesck tne tefevbsbck shreek cr PGU c` j hcdputer sbkhe tnese jre aubft up rcdj dcvbkm efehtrck aejd+ Dcre mekerjffy we wcufg kct see jkytnbkm jt jffsbkhe fbmnt btsef` bs j dctbck .Mcdarbhn .:207" bk Fe Ycbgevbk 1997"+

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c` wnbhn rejhn nbs ejrs cke j`ter tne ctner duhn fboe tne sequekhes c` `jsthjshjgbkm kctes bk Hcktbkuud rejhn tne fbsteker+ Bk jk ukpuafbsneg pjper Djro @eff .19::" stjtestnjt Wne prbdjry ùkhtbck c` tne shcre bs tne sydacfbh represektjtbck c`tne tedpcrjfbty c` scukg< j hckheptujf jppjrjtus `cr ekhcgbkm jkg hcks$truhtbkm tbde$ajseg prchess+ @rcd tnbs jppjrjtus tne per`crder bs jafe tc

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> Wnere jre rehcrgs c` severjf jkhbekt mrjpnbh kctjtbck tehnkbques tnjt jfsc fjhoeg gbreh$tbcks `cr kcte gurjtbcks cr detre+ Xhcres `cr tne Rjkm hnjktbkm trjgbtbck bk Wbaetjk dusbh`cr bkstjkhe jre aefbeveg tc gjte js `jr ajho js tne sbxtn hektury jkg gc kct prcvbge jkytedpc gbrehtbcks `cr gurjtbck kcr rnytnd+ Wney gc ncwever hcktjbk getjbfeg bkstruh$tbcks hckherkbkm bk wnjt spbrbt tne dusbh sncufg ae sukm .e+m+ cwbkm fboe j rbver& fbmnt fboeabrg sckm" .Xhnyek Hcffehtbck" duhn js tne Btjfbjk trjgbtbck uses tedpc djrobkms fboepbjkc& jffemrc& dcgerjtc jkg sc ck+ Fbmetb uses prestbssbdc aut bt hcufg njve aeek j pbjherejkctner hfjssbh Btjfbjk gbrehtbck tnjt fejves tedpc up tc tne per`crders cwk gbshretbck .bktnbs hjse tnebr gbshretbck tc hcdpfete tne pbehe ukger `cur dbkutes"+

HCKWBKUUD E^YJKGEG::


12/22

Wwc yejrs j`ter Mcufgs rbse tc stjrgcd& @reg Ncyfes shbekhe htbck

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2 Js B wjs kbsnbkm tnbs text& bk fjte Xeptedaer 19::& kews arcoe c` jk experbdekt hck$

guhteg aetweek HEQK jkg tne Mrjk Xjssc Fjacrjtcry bk Btjfy bk wnbhn keutrbkcs werecaserveg tc trjvef `jster tnjk tne speeg c` fbmnt+ B` hckrdeg& tnbs resuft wcufg `crhe us tcretnbko everytnbkm sbkhe Ebkstebks mrcukgarejobkm tnecrbes wnbhn were aubft upck tnespeeg c` fbmnt js j ukbversjf ukarejojafe hckstjkt+ Wnbs njs spjroeg j fct c` geajte jkg btwbff njve tc ae hckrdeg ay ùrtner tests tnere njve aeek hfjbds tnjt tne experbdekthcufg njve aeek jweg& cr scdencw bkjhhurjte& cr tnjt bt bs kct keutrbkcs tnjt were geteh$teg aut tjhnycks .j sc `jr nypctnetbhjf pjrtbhfe wnbhn bs bkgeeg expehteg tc trjvef `jstertnjk fbmnt tncumn B `jbf tc see ncw tnjt bs c` jky hckscfjtbck"+ Aut bk tne dejktbde jkg`rcd tne hcd`crt c` dy fjydjk perspehtbve B relcbhe js j aukhn c` suajtcdbh pjrtbhfesseed tc hnjffekme tne cukgjtbcks c` hcktedpcrjry shbekhe jkg ehnc scde c` tne tncumntsgevefcpeg bk tnbs essjy jacut evekts uk`cfgbkm jt speegs mrejter tnjk we dbmnt expeht+

HCKWBKUUD E^YJKGEG:1


13/22

tc fjter sehtbcks c` pure defcgbh gbsequbfbarbud ehnces jrhnetypbhjf ges$

hrbptbcks c` hnjctbh systeds jkg ektrcpy+:9

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14/22

seed tc extekg bk èwer tnjk tnree gbdeksbcks+ ]e cverfcco tne pjbkts

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15/22

0+ FEMJHR

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16/22

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17/22

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18/22

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19/22


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