Contraception and Birth Control

Contraception and Contraception and Birth ControlBirth Control

Mr. DarlingMr. Darling

Risk and ResponsibilityRisk and Responsibility

►Women Men, and Birth Control: Who Is Women Men, and Birth Control: Who Is Responsible?Responsible?

►Think About It the Psychology of Risk Think About It the Psychology of Risk TakingTaking

►Preventing Sexually Transmitted Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’S)Diseases (STD’S)

Methods of Contraception Methods of Contraception and Birth Controland Birth Control

Birth Control and Contraception:Birth Control and Contraception:► What’s the Difference?What’s the Difference?

Choosing a MethodChoosing a Method Sexual Abstinence and OutercourseSexual Abstinence and Outercourse Practically Speaking GUIDELINES FOR Practically Speaking GUIDELINES FOR

CHOOSING A CONTRACEPTIVE METHODCHOOSING A CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD Hormonal Methods: the Pill and Hormonal Methods: the Pill and

ImplantsImplants


►Think About It : UNRELIABLE AND Think About It : UNRELIABLE AND MYTHICAL MYTHICAL

►Methods of ContraceptionMethods of Contraception►Barrier Methods: the Condom Female Barrier Methods: the Condom Female

Condom, Diaphragm, and Cervical CapCondom, Diaphragm, and Cervical Cap►Practically Speaking: HINTS FOR Practically Speaking: HINTS FOR

EFFECTIVE CONDOM USEEFFECTIVE CONDOM USE


►SpermicidalSpermicidal►The IUD (Intrauterine Device)The IUD (Intrauterine Device)►Fertility Awareness MethodsFertility Awareness Methods► SterilizationSterilization►Practically Speaking: IS STERILIZATION Practically Speaking: IS STERILIZATION

THE RIGHT CHOICE FOR YOU?THE RIGHT CHOICE FOR YOU?►Emergency ContraceptionEmergency Contraception

AbortionAbortion

►Methods of AbortionMethods of Abortion►A Decline in the Prevalence of AbortionA Decline in the Prevalence of Abortion►Women and AbortionWomen and Abortion►Men and AbortionMen and Abortion►The Abortion DebateThe Abortion Debate

Risk and ResponsibilityRisk and Responsibility

► If intercourse occurs the day before If intercourse occurs the day before ovulation, the chance of pregnancy is ovulation, the chance of pregnancy is about 30%.about 30%.

► If intercourse occurs the day of If intercourse occurs the day of ovulation, the chance of pregnancy is ovulation, the chance of pregnancy is about 15%.about 15%.

►Over the course of one year, couples Over the course of one year, couples who do not use contraception have a who do not use contraception have a 90% chance of pregnancy.90% chance of pregnancy.

Women Men, and Birth Women Men, and Birth Control: Who Is Responsible?Control: Who Is Responsible?

►Traditionally has been the women's Traditionally has been the women's responsibility.responsibility.

►Attitudes are changing.Attitudes are changing.► In addition to use of a condom men In addition to use of a condom men

can help take contraceptive can help take contraceptive responsibility by.responsibility by.


►1.1. Exploring ways of making love Exploring ways of making love without intercourse;without intercourse;

►2.2. Helping to pay doctor or clinic bills Helping to pay doctor or clinic bills and sharing the cost of pills, implants, or and sharing the cost of pills, implants, or other birth control supplies;other birth control supplies;


►3.3. Checking on supplies, helping to Checking on supplies, helping to keep track of the woman’s menstrual keep track of the woman’s menstrual cycle, and helping his partner with her cycle, and helping his partner with her part in the birth control routine;part in the birth control routine;

►4.4. In long-term relationships, if no (or In long-term relationships, if no (or no more) children are wanted, having no more) children are wanted, having a vasectomy.a vasectomy.

Preventing Sexually Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’S)Transmitted Diseases (STD’S)►Most STD’s are treatable if diagnosed Most STD’s are treatable if diagnosed

early.early.►AIDS is one exception> AIDS is FATAL.AIDS is one exception> AIDS is FATAL.►Some contraceptive methods work to Some contraceptive methods work to

help prevent disease and pregnancy. help prevent disease and pregnancy. ►Latex and polyurethane condoms Latex and polyurethane condoms

provide barrier protection against virus provide barrier protection against virus and bacterial infection: such as Herpes and bacterial infection: such as Herpes virus, chlamydia, gonococcus, and HIV.virus, chlamydia, gonococcus, and HIV.

Preventing Sexually Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’S)Transmitted Diseases (STD’S)

►Not 100% effective at preventing Not 100% effective at preventing infection or pregnancy.infection or pregnancy.

►Spermicides - Chemicals that kill sperm Spermicides - Chemicals that kill sperm offer protection against some STD’s, offer protection against some STD’s, foam or film can provide extra protection.foam or film can provide extra protection.

►Use of spermicides with barrier methods Use of spermicides with barrier methods increase the effectiveness of both the increase the effectiveness of both the infection and pregnancy protection of the infection and pregnancy protection of the method.method.

Birth Control and Birth Control and Contraception Contraception

►What is the differenceWhat is the difference Birth Control: Preventing birth from taking Birth Control: Preventing birth from taking

placeplace►IUDIUD►Emergency contraceptive pillsEmergency contraceptive pills►RU-486RU-486►Surgical AbortionSurgical Abortion

Birth Control and Birth Control and ContraceptionContraception

Contraception: Preventing conception Contraception: Preventing conception (preventing the sperm and the egg from (preventing the sperm and the egg from uniting)uniting)

►Barrier methodsBarrier methods Condoms, diaphragmsCondoms, diaphragms

►SpermicidesSpermicides►Hormonal methodsHormonal methods

PillPill Shot (depo)Shot (depo) ImplantsImplants


►Choosing a MethodChoosing a Method The best method is the one you will use The best method is the one you will use

consistently and correctlyconsistently and correctly Know the reliability of methodKnow the reliability of method Know the advantages and disadvantagesKnow the advantages and disadvantages Side effectsSide effects RisksRisks

Methods of Contraception and Methods of Contraception and Birth ControlBirth Control

►AbstinenceAbstinence Choosing not to have intercourseChoosing not to have intercourse

►OutercourseOutercourse Sexual activity without penetrationSexual activity without penetration

Methods of Contraception and Methods of Contraception and Birth ControlBirth Control

►Hormonal MethodsHormonal Methods The pillThe pill ImplantsImplants InjectionsInjections

The PillThe Pill

►Combination of estrogen and progestin Combination of estrogen and progestin (some progestin only)(some progestin only)

► Inhibits ovulationInhibits ovulation►Thickens the cervical mucousThickens the cervical mucous►Changes the lining of the uterus to Changes the lining of the uterus to

inhibit implantation of the fertilized inhibit implantation of the fertilized ovumovum

►Alter the rate of ovum transportAlter the rate of ovum transport►99.5 % effective (if used correctly) 92 % 99.5 % effective (if used correctly) 92 %

The PillThe Pill

AdvantagesAdvantages Easy to useEasy to use DependableDependable No additional appliancesNo additional appliances Can regulate menstrual flow and decrease Can regulate menstrual flow and decrease

cramps and other symptoms of mensescramps and other symptoms of menses

The PillThe Pill

►ProblemsProblems Side effects Side effects

►Changes in menstrual flowChanges in menstrual flow►Breast tendernessBreast tenderness►NauseaNausea►Vomiting Vomiting ►Wt. gain or lossWt. gain or loss

The PillThe Pill

► ContraindicationsContraindications Heart diseaseHeart disease Kidney diseaseKidney disease Asthma Asthma High blood pressureHigh blood pressure DiabetesDiabetes EpilepsyEpilepsy Gall bladder diseaseGall bladder disease Sickle-cell anemiaSickle-cell anemia Migraine headachesMigraine headaches depression, depression,

The PillThe Pill

►ACHESACHES AAbdominal painbdominal pain CChest pain or shortness of breathhest pain or shortness of breath HHeadaches (severe)eadaches (severe) EEye problems (blurred vision, flashing ye problems (blurred vision, flashing

lights and blindness)lights and blindness) SSevere leg painevere leg pain

The PillThe Pill

►Smoking and the PillSmoking and the Pill►DO NOT TAKE THE PILL IF YOU SMOKEDO NOT TAKE THE PILL IF YOU SMOKE

ImplantsImplants

►Progestin only (Norplant)Progestin only (Norplant)►Prevents ovulationPrevents ovulation►More effective than the PillMore effective than the Pill

ImplantImplant

►AdvantagesAdvantages ConvenienceConvenience Eliminate user errorEliminate user error No menses or very lightNo menses or very light Decreased crampingDecreased cramping

ImplantImplant

►ProblemsProblems►Difficulty in Difficulty in

removingremoving

Side effectsSide effects►Similar to the Similar to the

pillpill►Changes in Changes in

menstrual menstrual bleedingbleeding

►HeadachesHeadaches

Side effectsSide effects►wt. gainwt. gain►AcneAcne►breast breast

tendernesstenderness►hair growthhair growth►ovarian cystsovarian cysts

ImplantImplant

►ContraindicationsContraindications Liver diseaseLiver disease Breast cancerBreast cancer Cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular disease Unexplained vaginal bleedingUnexplained vaginal bleeding PregnantPregnant SmokersSmokers

Injectable ContraceptivesInjectable Contraceptives

►Depo-Provera (DMPA) ProgesteroneDepo-Provera (DMPA) Progesterone Can stop mensesCan stop menses Side effects includeSide effects include

►Spotting, wt. gain, headaches, breast Spotting, wt. gain, headaches, breast tenderness, dizziness, loss of libido and tenderness, dizziness, loss of libido and depressiondepression

►Lunelle Progestin and estrogenLunelle Progestin and estrogen Similar to the pill in all aspectsSimilar to the pill in all aspects

Barrier MethodsBarrier Methods

►The condomThe condom►Female condomFemale condom►DiaphragmDiaphragm►Cervical cap Cervical cap ►SpongeSponge

SpermicidesSpermicides

►Nonoxynol-9Nonoxynol-9►Use in combination with barrier Use in combination with barrier

methods of contraceptionmethods of contraception FoamFoam gelgel FilmFilm Creams, jellies and suppositoriesCreams, jellies and suppositories

IUDIUD

► Intrauterine deviceIntrauterine device►Copper and plastic (Copper T-380A) 10 Copper and plastic (Copper T-380A) 10

yearsyears►Plastic and Progesterone (progestasert Plastic and Progesterone (progestasert

IUD) 1 yearIUD) 1 year►90-96 % effective in use90-96 % effective in use► Increased risk of PIDIncreased risk of PID

Fertility Awareness MethodsFertility Awareness Methods

►Calendar or rhythm methodCalendar or rhythm method Midway in cycleMidway in cycle

►Basal body temperature (BBT) methodBasal body temperature (BBT) method Increase in body temperatureIncrease in body temperature

►Cervical Mucous MethodCervical Mucous Method Clear slippery mucousClear slippery mucous

►Symptothermal methodSymptothermal method Combination of BBT and Cervical Mucous Combination of BBT and Cervical Mucous

methodsmethods

SterilizationSterilization

►For WomenFor Women Tubal ligationsTubal ligations

►Cut and seal the fallopian tubesCut and seal the fallopian tubes HysterectomyHysterectomy

►Removal of the uterusRemoval of the uterus

►For MenFor Men►VasectomyVasectomy

Vas deferens are cut and sealedVas deferens are cut and sealed

Emergency ContraceptionEmergency Contraception

►Emergency Contraception Pill (ECP)Emergency Contraception Pill (ECP)►Copper IUDCopper IUD

AbortionAbortion

►Spontaneous abortion (miscarriages)Spontaneous abortion (miscarriages)► Induced abortionInduced abortion

Induced AbortionInduced Abortion

►Drug inducedDrug induced Mifepristone (RU-486)Mifepristone (RU-486)

►Surgical MethodsSurgical Methods Vacuum aspirationVacuum aspiration Dilation and evacuationDilation and evacuation HysterectomyHysterectomy Saline, prostaglandins and urea (after the Saline, prostaglandins and urea (after the

first trimester)first trimester)

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Contraception and Birth Control