Contraception, Sterilization and Artificial

8/8/2019 Contraception, Sterilization and Artificial

1/21

Moral Ethics and

ContemporaryMedical Issues


2/21

Contraception andBirth Control


3/21

Celibacy and Monastery

Celibacy means abstinence from sexual

intercourse, especially by reason of religiousvows.

Monastery means a community of persons,

especially monks, bound by vows to a religiouslife and often living in partial or complete

seclusion.


4/21

Contraception/Birth control

Contraception is an intentional prevention ofimpregnation through the use of various

devices, agents, drugs, sexual practices, or

surgical procedures.

Birth control is a regimen of one or more

actions, devices, sexual practices, or

medications followed in order to deliberately

prevent or reduce the likelihood of pregnancy orchildbirth.


5/21

Contraception/ birth control

There are mainly three routes to preventing orending pregnancy:

a. the prevention of fertilization of the ovum bysperm cells contraception,

b. the prevention of implantation of theblastocyst contragestion.

c. and the chemical or surgical induction of abortion of the developing embryo or, later,foetus.

In common usage, term contraception is often

used for both contraception and contragestion.


6/21

Cont.. the purpose of contraception is to control the

timing of births with the intent of distancing theoccurrences of pregnancy or to delay it for aspecific amount of time for different reasons.

- Islam encourages people to have children. It isreported that the Prophet (saw) said:

""):(

Marry women who are loving and fertile (child-bearing), for I shall outnumber the peoples by

you.


7/21

Cont.. Celibacy and monasticism are against the principles of

Islam brought forth by the Prophet (saw).

The prophet (saw) made this clear when he told those

companions who were considering ascetic forms of

life: I pray and I sleep; I fast and I break my fast; and Imarry women. Whoever turns away from my way oflife is not from me."

::"!

"): ).


8/21

Cont.

- Children are considered as blessing from Allah (swt).

- The only true provider for all mankind is Allah,therefore shortage of wealth is not enough justification

for contraception.

- The permissibility of contraception is based on the factthat it was practised during the time of the Prophet

(saw) while the Quran was being revealed but neither

the Quran nor the Prophet (saw) prohibited it.

Jabir reported: We used to practise 'azl (withdrawingthe male sexual organ before emission of semen to

avoid conception) during the lifetime of Allah's

Messenger (saw). The news of this practice reached

Allah's Apostle (saw), and he did not forbid us.


9/21

Conclusion

contraception (contraceptive devices) if they opt for it

provided that this would not involve pregnancytermination.

Conditions:

- Contraception should not be made as a generalpolicy of a Muslim community as it may be exploited

by anti-Muslims to affect Muslim communities and turn

them to minorities.

- Contraception should not be imposed on anyone byanyone, as it is the absolute right of everyone to have

children.

- Contraception should be practised only with the

consent of both sides: husband and wife.


10/21

Surgical contraception (sterilization)

This method of contraception is done through removing or

blocking sex organs. - Vasectomy is a surgical procedure leading to the sterilization

of man. It is a procedure that involves cutting, tying and sealingboth the tubes running sperm from testicles to the urethra andpenis. It is a way to prevent ejaculation permanently.

- For women, oviducts (tubes that run eggs) are surgically cutand sealed, preventing an egg from reaching the womb or fromeven coming in contact with sperm but allowing ovulation tocontinue. It is also a way to prevent pregnancy permanently forwomen.

- Sterilization (permanent prevention of pregnancy) is not lawfulin Islam. It is against one of the main objectives of creating thetwo different sexes; that is to have children and cause thecontinuation of human race.


11/21

In vitro fertilization/ IVF (test tube babies)

This is a method of assisted reproduction in

which the mans sperm and womans egg aretaken and then combined in a laboratory dish,where fertilization occurs. The resulting pre-embryo is then transferred to the womans

uterus. The success rate of this method of reproduction

is between 15-25%.

This practice is lawful only when it involves amarried couple while the marriage contract isstill valid and necessary measures are taken toprevent any manipulation of this practice to

avoid any lineage confusion.


12/21

Artificial insemination If the sperm of the legal husband in a continuing marital life is

used in the artificial insemination, that will be permitted. But ifthe sperm used is from a third party or one who is not a legalhusband or from the husband but after his death, it will beprohibited.

Foetal gender selection Foetal gender selection is a process to choose the desired

gender of a child before the sperm fuses with the egg.

This process is followed for different reasons: to avoid gender-linked genetic diseases, desire for a specific gender of children.

The method of this technique is done through selecting the Xbearing (girl) or Y bearing (boy) specimens. Then the woman isartificially inseminated with that sperm, or the egg is fertilizedoutside of the womb and then implanted into the womb.


13/21

Conclusion The Islamic Organization for Medical Sciences in its seminar on

Reproduction in Islam came with a decision that:

- Foetal gender selection is unlawful when it is practised on anational level.

- When it is practised on an individual level, the participantsdiffered on it:

1- Some of them are of the opinion that there is nothing legallywrong with an attempt to fulfill the wishes of a married couple tohave a boy or a girl.

2- Some of them believe that it is unlawful for fear that it maylead to one sex outnumber the other.

- In fact, this is not the only objection against it. Another

objection is, since the success rate of this process is between60-80%, what will happen if the wish of the couple is not metand the foetus turns to be not of the desired gender? Will it beaborted?

There is fear that this may lead to committing abortion which is

forbidden.


14/21

SURROGATE MOTHER


15/21

Definition: A woman who bears achild for another person, often for

pay, either through artificialinsemination or by carrying until

birth another woman's surgically

implanted fertilized egg.


16/21

Forms of surrogate motherhood This occurs in many forms as follows:

1-

The sperm and the egg are taken respectively from alegitimate husband and wife. The egg fertilized and thenimplanted in the womb of another woman who is not the wife ofthat man.

2- The sperm is taken from the legitimate husband but the egg

is taken from another woman who is not his legal wife. The eggis fertilized and then implanted in the womb of his legal wife.

3- The sperm is taken from the legitimate husband but the eggis taken from another woman who is not his legal wife. The eggis fertilized and then implanted in the womb of the same woman

from whom the egg was taken. 4- The sperm is taken from the legitimate husband but the egg

is taken from another woman who is not his legal wife. The eggis fertilized and then implanted in the womb of a third woman.


17/21

Cont. These four forms are haram because in each case a third party

who is not a legitimate wife is involved.

5- The sperm is taken from a husband who have more than onewife. The egg is taken from one wife. After fertilizing the egg thepre-embryo is implanted in the womb of the second wife.

Regarding this case, most of Muslim scholars believe it isunlawful also. Although the sperm is not strange to the wombsince it is the womb of his second wife, but the egg is a

stranger because it is from another woman. Another objection is that the woman who is bearing the embryo

may conceive from her husband using her own egg whereasthe embryo implanted may fail to develop and this may lead toconfusion: to whom the foetus belongs?


18/21

Islam and the Issue of surrogacyin parenthood


19/21

Surrogate motherhood and

fatherhood is forbidden in Islam

because it involves a person who isnot tied to the surrogate mother or

father with legitimate marital

relationship.


20/21

Cont

A. Family and blood ties marriage is not just afinancial and physical arrangement of livingtogether but it is a sacred contract to enjoy

each other physically and psychologically and

continue the lineage.B. Any interference to violate the contract of

marriage by introducing any third party (maleor female) by a normal way or a biomedical

technique is violation of Islamic law. Thus, it is

forbidden.


21/21

Cont.C. Marital life is limited to its legitimate parties.

Any practice that may involve any third party(either a man or a woman) in any form (whether

in the form of semen, an ovum, an embryo, or a

womb) is unlawful.D. Blood relationship is the fundamental basis

of marriage and inheritance in Islam. Any

practice that may undermine the family ties or

create lineage confusion is forbidden.

Documents

Contraception, Sterilization and Artificial