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Contribution of Medspiration/GHRSST products to
Mediterranean applications of
SST
Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli (1) Nadia Pinardi (2)
(1) CNR - Istituto di Scienze dell’Atmosfera e del Clima – sezione di Roma (2) Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
Rosalia Santoleri (1)
Outline
• Mediterranean SST processing chain at GOS & its products
• Use of SST in the MFS Mediterranean ocean forecasting system
• Dissemination to users
• Future Plans
MED-SST Products:GOS involvement in national and
international projects/programmes
Mediterranean Forecasting System AdricosmMedspirationMersea
PRIMI
GODAE Global High Resolution SST Pilot Project (GHRSST-PP)
CNR-ISAC-GOS SST processing chain (operative since October 1998) has been designed to provide SST data for assimilation in the MFS forecasting model. MFS_SST are daily optimally Interpolated Sea Surface Temperature (OISST) maps produced in near real time at 5 Km resolution (1/16°x1/16° MFS model grid)
Since July 2006, In the framework of MERSEA, CNR-ISAC also produces multi-sensors OISST maps merging a variety of sensors (AVHRR, MODIS, SEVERI, AATSR) as contribution to the GODAE/GHRSST-PP
The same OI scheme has also been used to perform a Re-Analysis (RAv0) of AVHRR Pathfinder SST time series, from 1985 to 2005 by CNR-GOS in collaboration with ENEA. This product has also
been used to build up a Med SST climatology
http://gos.ifa.rm.cnr.it/
The Mediterranean GOS L4 SST processorf l o w c h a r t
Data mergingISACISAC
Optimal Interpolation
Data delivery
Data quality controll
Night-time SST using MF algorithm
Cloud detection
SST daily composite binning on model grid
(1/16x1/16)
MF AVHRR acquisition
Atlantic buffer zone + west Med
Night-time SST using Pathfinder algorithm
Cloud detection
SST daily composite binning on model grid
(1/16x1/16)
ISAC AVHRR acquisition
Entire Mediterranean
L2P GHRSSTProducts
GOS SST Multi-senosorsProcessing Chain: LOGICAL VIEW
M1: L2P data acquisition
M2: SST Extraction/Editing
M3: SST data merging
M4: SST OI interpolation
M5: OUTPUT delivery
GHRSSTGDAC L2P data
MFS SST users
CNR-ISACAVHRR L2 data
CNR-ISAC administrator
Input Data
EXT.DAT.001: all the L2P night time data available from GHRSST:
ATS_NR_2P, ENVISAT AATSR near real time SSTskin dataAVHRR18_G, AVHRR NOAA-18 GAC derived SST dataAVHRR18_L, AVHRR NOAA-18 LAC derived SST dataAVHRR17_G, AVHRR NOAA-17 GAC derived SST dataAVHRR17_L, AVHRR NOAA-17 LAC derived SST dataNAR18, AVHRR NOAA-18 derived SST dataNAR17, AVHRR NOAA-17 derived SST dataSEVIRI, MSG-SEVIRI derived SST dataMODIS_A, EOS AQUA MODIS derived SST dataMODIS_T, EOS TERRA MODIS derived SST data
EXT.DAT.002: AVHRR L2 SST from NOAA18 NOAA17 acquired and processed by CNR-ISAC Rome HRPT station
Data identifier
GHRSST - L2P SST EXT.DAT.001
CNR-ISAC - L2 SST EXT.DAT.002
PRIMI – L4 HR SST EXT.DAT.101
PRIMI – L4 UHR SST EXT.DAT.102
Data Merging Reference sensor ”merged files”• Interpolation uses in input ‘merged’ files (1 SST map per day)
• The reference sensor (assumed with zero bias against in situ SST) is used for the adjustment of the SST values measured by the other sensors. The reference sensors were selected on the basis of sensors evaluation, they are:
ATS_NR_2P NAR17 (MODIS_T, 4 micron)
• Evaluation of the bias between reference sensor and the other sensors is performed on collated pixels on a daily basis (only if sufficient co-located pixels are found)
• Merging procedure selects valid pixels using first high resolution L2P data the sensor sequence listed below:
ATS_NR_2P , NAR17, MODIS_T, NAR18 , MODIS_A, AVHRR17_L, AVHRR18_L, SEVIRI, AVHRR18_G, AVHRR17_G
Sensors Evaluation
MODIS Terra (11micron)
MBE=-0.21 °C
Rms=0.38 °C
MODIS Terra (4 micron)
MBE=-0.04 °C
Rms=0.33 °C
MODIS Aqua (4 micron)
MBE=-0.16 °C
Rms=0.54 °C
MODIS Aqua (11 micron)
MBE=-0.34 °C
Rms=0.55 °C
SEVIRI
MBE=-0.07 °C
Rms=0.51 °C
NAR17
MBE=-0.002 °C
Rms=0.49 °C
n
iobsxj
n
jijest iCAx
1 1
1 )~
(~
)(
SST INTERPOLATION by Optimal Interpolation
The scheme drives a ‘multi-basin’ analysis to avoid data propagation across land, from one sub-basin to the other.
iobsxi xxC i )()(
The Interpolation is performed in space and time, using a time series of daily SST maps: (1 SST map per day)
NRT OISST map is produced every day at 6 am.
L
rt
eetrC
),(L =180 kmτ =7 days
Medspiration results:
Delayed OISST map is produced every day after 7 days
The outputs are follows GHRSST convetion (netCDF, Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata convention versione 1.0)
CNR-ISAC-GOS L4_processors configuration
MFS (AVHRR in input) MFS (L2P in input)
MBE=-0.08 °C
Rms=0.46 °C
MBE=-0.26 °C
Rms=0.52 °C
MBE=-0.11 °C
Rms=0.52°C
The 2006 SST anomaly was monitored in near real time by the GOS SST Processing system
The warm summer 2006
daily SST anomaly respect to the 1985-2004 climatology
Time series of SST mean in the West Med
•Multiparametric buoys (M3A) in Ligurian, Adriatic and Cretan Sea
•XBT VOS/SOOP
•ARGO FLOAT (MedArgo)
•Daily SST from satellite interpolated in RT on the model grid (1/16°x1/16°)
•SLA from satellite (Jason1, GFO, ENVISAT and T/P)
•Open ocean monitoring by gliders
•Scatterometer daily winds analysis on a grid of 1/2°x1/2° (soon a new real time analysis ready)
MFS Monitoring System:
Basin scale forecasting system:
MFS1671
BATHYMETRY (m)
NUMERICAL MODEL:
•Horizontal resolution 1/16°x1/16°•Vertical resolution 72 unevenly spaced levels•Numerical code: OPA 8.2 •Close boundaries in the Atlantic ocean•Free surface parameterization•Asyncrhronously coupled with ECWF analyses or forecasts atmospheric fields
DATA ASSIMILATION SCHEME:
•SOFA: reduced order Optimal Interpolation scheme•Intermittent (24hr) assimilation of:
Satellite SLA Vertical profiles (T & S)Satellite SST
))(( boba XYKXX H1)( RHBHBHK TT
TVUST X
FORECASTFORECASTRELEASERELEASE
SLA
XBT
SST
ECMWF AN
ECMWF FC
J-7J-14 J-5 J-4 J-3 J-2 J-1
Wed
WedThu Fri Sat Sun Mon
Tue Thu Fri Wed Thu Fri
J+1 J+2 J+7 J+8 J+9JWed
Data are disseminated through a Web/ftp service (www.bo.ingv.it/mfstep)
The present day MFS (SYS3) weekly assimilation system
ARGO
Air-sea Physics and SST assimilationAir-Sea physics
•surface solar radiation computed from astronomical formulas - Reed (1977)•net longwave flux formula - Bignami (1995)•sensible and latent heat flux- Kondo (1975)•wind stress calculated from Hellerman and Rosensenstein formula•Water flux: relaxation to monthly mean climatology from MedAtlas
Atmospheric Forcing•6 hours analyses and forecast surface state variables from ECMWF 0.5 x 0.5 degrees: air and dew point temperature, mean sea level pressure, clouds, 10 m winds
SST assimilation
•The net heat flux is corrected by a relaxation (constant coefficient at this point, 20 W/m2/degC) to satellite SST (T*) each model time step with the following formula:
)( *
*
TTT
QQQ
TTcorr
DT evaluation of the basin scale forecast:comparison with indipendent buoy data
Temperature:
VALENCIA ALBORAN
Forecast production and broadcast:
•Every day a 10 days forecast is produced in Real Time (11hr delay)
•Once a week, 15 past days analyses are produced with the assimilation of all available data (SST contribution)
•Every day a Web Bulletin is published (SST contribution)
•Every month an electronic monthly bulletin is released on the web site describing the results of the MFS system for the previous month together with anomalies and climatic indices (SST contribution)
•Every day the model data (& GOS SST data) are available through a dedicated ftp to users
www.bo.ingv.it/mfs
Sub-regional models at 3 km Shelf models at 1-2 km
ESEOO
POSEIDON
MFS disseminate daily forecasts to 11 nested models
Summary of SST Dissemination to Mediterranean Users
• Primary user of SST is the MFS at INGV • National forecasting Systems and MOON operational
system throughout MOON MoU (31 centres)• Research and educational users (> 200)
– Research studies, cruises planning, etc • Commercial Users
– ENI-AGIP, Telespazio • Environmental Agency:
– EEA (SST contribution Climate change report 2008, contribution to the monthly bulletin in discussion)
– UNEP/MAP (draft of the monthly bulletin is already proposed) MoU is in discussion
– Agreement with Italian Meteorological service for use the SST in their broadcast system is under discussion
Conclusion and Future plans • The Satellite Observing System of the Mediterranean Sea provides
NRT, DT, and re-analysis satellite products in agreement with the requirements of the MCS core products
• This system will be the MOON component of the SST-TAC of MCS in the framework of MyOcean
• The CNR processing SST chains will be modified to provide also Black Sea products in accordance with the MyOcean requirements
• In the framework of National Projects (Adricosm & PRIMI):– new multi-sensors UHR SST products will be developed for the Italian
Sea (Adriatic, Sicily Channel, Tyrrhenian Sea at 1 Km resolution)– the new SST products will be assimilation in the Adriatic, Sicily Channel
forecasting models– The SST assimilation scheme will modified to take into account that the
characteristics satellite SST (e. g. restoring coefficient depending on wind intensity & regime, e.g. Artale et al. JGR 2002 )