Control Over a Hybrid MAC Wireless Network (3)

8/3/2019 Control Over a Hybrid MAC Wireless Network (3)

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Wireless Cloud Com put ing and

Cogni t ive Wire less Cloud

Wire less Cloud Com put ing and

Cogni t ive Wire less Cloud

Hiroshi Harada, Ph.D.

NICT and Chair of IEEE SCC41 (IEEE1900)

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright 2010 National Institute of Information and Communications Technology. All Rights Reserved

The 3rd EU-Japan Symposium on the "Future Internet

Oct. 20, 2010


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BackgroundBackground

New systems need broaderbandwidth than conventional one

There is not sufficient frequencyband to assign future broadband

wireless communication systems

Several radio communicationsystems may need to co-exist in acommon frequency band

To support busty traffic, road-

balance technologies betweenseveral access schemes must beneeded.

Reduction of contamination byinterference between radio

communication systems is needed

Current frequency allocation

System A System B System C

Frequency

(not allocated)

Freq.

How to assign frequency band for newstandardized w ireless communicationsystems

New standardized System



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Cogni t ive r ad ioCogni t ive r ad io

Currentfrequencyallocationmethod

SystemA SystemB SystemC

Frequency

(notallocated)

Freq.

Freq.


Freq.


Cognitive radio is a radio or system that senses, and is aware of, its operational environment and candynamically and autonomously adjust its radio operating parameters accordingly by collaborating wireless andwired networks

(b) Spectrum sharing type cognitive radio

By sensing vacant frequency band and time slot, userssecure adequate bandwidth by bundling vacant freq. bands.

(a) Heterogeneous type cognitive radio

By sensing frequency bands that systems have beenallocated on and time slots, users secure adequate

bandwidth by selectingexisting systems.

Copyright 2010 National Institute of Information and Communications Technology. All Rights Reserved3


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(b ) Spec t rum shari ng t ype cogn i t i ve rad io(a) Heter ogeneous type c ogni t ive rad io

Cogni t ive Wire less CloudsCogni t ive Wire less Clouds

PrimaryOperator 1 Primary

operator 2

Network based oncognitive base station

Wireless/Wired link(A kind of adhoc network)

OperatorIndependentnetwork manager

OperatorDependentNetwork manager

OperatorDependentnetwork manager

Heterogeneous typecognitive base station(CBS)

Cognitive terminal (CT)

SecondaryOperator 2

Sensing andconnection

Spectrum sharing(White space) typecognitive base station(CBS)

SecondaryOperator 1

OperatorIndependentCo-existing manager

OperatorIndependentspectrum manager



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Def ini t ion o f c ogn it i ve w i re less c louds (2007)Def ini t ion o f c ogn it i ve w i re less c louds (2007)

The CWC, in which mobile terminals with multiple differentair interfaces autonomously utilize the most appropriateinfrastructure wireless networks, by sensing availablewireless networks, finding the most appropriate

configuration set, and reconfiguring themselvesseamlessly to the selected set.

For optimization of radio resource management of such ascalable network having multiple operator networks andterminals, distributed optimization and management

methods should be applied to keep using the mostappropriate wireless configurations adaptively.The following technologies are key technologies

Cognitive spectrum access

Cross-network signalingOptimizationFast reconfiguration

H. Harada, H. Murakami, K. Ishizu, S. Filin, Y. Saito, H. N. Tran, G. Miyamoto, M. Hasegawa, Y. Murata, S. Kato,A Software Defined Cognitive Radio System: Cognitive Wireless Cloud, IEEE Globecom 2007, Nov. 2007.



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Def ini t ion o f c ogn it i ve w i re less c louds (Lat es t )Def ini t ion o f c ogn it i ve w i re less c louds (Lat es t )

The CWC, in which radio equipments with multipledifferent air interfaces autonomously utilize the mostappropriate infrastructure wireless networks/spectrums

and configure their own reconfigurable wirelessnetwork, bysensing context information from available wirelessnetworks/spectrums,

storing the context information in the crowed network as database,

analyzing available context information,

dynamically making spectrum access decisions on the mostappropriate configuration set(s) / spectrum (s) that can fulfill usersand/or network operators policy such as

Maximization of throughput or capacity,

Minimization of radiation of interference,

Highly-maintained co-existence between wireless networks managed by CWC,

reconfiguring themselves seamlessly to the selected set(s)



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Key i tem s t o rea l ize c ogn it i ve w i re less c loudsKey i tem s t o rea l ize c ogn it i ve w i re less c louds

Use cases

Heterogeneous type

Spectrum sharing type

Common system architectureStandardization

IEEE1900.4 and IEEE1900.4a

IEEE802.19.1

Research and development

Heterogeneous type

Spectrum sharing type

Feasibility studies by wireless test bed



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Use cases suppor t ed by c ogn it i ve w i re less c loudUse cases suppor t ed by c ogn it i ve w i re less c loud


Operator Independentspectrum/reconfiguration/ co-existing managers


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Heterogeneous t ype c ogn it i ve rad io syst emUse case for base s ta t ion

Heterogeneous t ype c ogn it i ve rad io syst emUse case for base s ta t ion

BS1AP1

BS2

Operator1Operator 2

AP2

Sensing

NRM NRM

SpectrumSensing

Cognitive basestation(CBS)

SpectrumSensing

Basic operationSense existing communication radio access technologies(RATs) such as 3G, WiMAX

Share the sensing information between NRM andcognitive base station reconfiguration manager (CBRM)

Decide RAT(s) and connect with them

Use well-known wireless access system such as WLAN tocommunicate between CBS and terminal

Include routing function between the selected RATS andwireless access system between CBS and terminal

Realize infrastructure less wireless LAN access point thatcan connect internet without wired network

FeatureHas a routing function between RATs and wireless LAN

Has functions to sense existing RATs and automaticallyselect RATs by collaborating with NRM

Provide a portable base station that can easily connectwith the Internet without any wired connection

Reduce spectrum interference between CBSs and

maximize throughput and capasity by collaborating withNRM because NRM knows RATs that each CBS selected

NRM may request CBS to change RATs that used byeach CBS for some reasons, e.g. reduction of spectruminterference or improvement of throughput and capacityfrom network point of view

Users have only to equip wireless LAN connection . Newusers who has portable games with WLAN can easilyaccess to the Internet though CBSs

Terminal

CBRM

TRM

Operator independent NRM



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A c om m on syst em a rch i t ec t ureA c om m on syst em a rch i t ec t ure

TRM connects with terminal measurementcontroller (TMC) and terminal reconfigurationcontroller (TRC)

TMC: the entity that collects terminal-relatedcontext information and provides it to TRM

TRC :the entity that enables reconfiguration ofterminal on the basis of TRMs decision

NRM connects with RAN measurementcontroller (RMC) and RAN reconfigurationcontroller (RRC)

RMC: the entity that collects RAN-relatedcontext information and provides it to NRM, andmay be implemented in a distributed manner.

RRC: the entity that enables reconfiguration ofRANs on the basis of NRMs decision and maybe implemented in a distributed manner

CBSRM connects with cognitive base stationreconfiguration manager(CBRM), andcognitive base station reconfigurationcontroller (CBRC)

CBSMC: shall sense operational environment ofprimary operator to look for the vacantfrequency band to be connected and may sensethe neighbor cognitive base station to check

whether the cognitive base station can connectwith other neighbor ones.CBSRC : shall reconfigure cognitive basestation itself to the communication schemesselected by CBRM

xRM: shall decide its operational spectrumand communication schemes by sharing thesensing information between other xRMx

CBSRM1

TRM

TMC TRC

NRM1 NRM2

Terminal

Network

Primaryoperators

Secondaryoperators

RMC

RRC

CBSMC CBSRC

CBSRM2 CBSRM3

sensing sensing

Decidefreq.band

H. Harada, Research and development on cognitiveradio/dynamic spectrum access technologies, 2008 IETSeminar on Cognitive Radio and Software Defined Radios:Technologies and Techniques, Sept. 2008.



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St andard izat ion re la t ed to Cogni t ive w i re less c loudsSt andard izat ion re la t ed to Cogni t ive w i re less c louds

CWC

1900.4

802.11af

1900.6

1900TVWS

ITU-WP5A,WP1B

802.19.1

Network systemarchitecture

PHY and MACCoexistence

Terminologyand definition

Network system architecture

1900.4

1900.4a, 1900.4.1

Coexistence betweencognitive radio networks

802.19.1

Interfaces related to CRN

1900.6



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an ar za on re a e o c ogn ve w re essnet w or k : IEEE1900.4 and1900.4a

an ar za on re a e o c ogn ve w re essnet w or k : IEEE1900.4 and1900.4a

CBS Network

RANN

TRC

TRM

TMC

RAN1RMC

RRC

OSM

NRM

Terminal

Packet based network

CBSRC

CBSRM

CBSMC

CBS

TRC

TRM

TMC

Terminal

Another

TRM

RAN radio access network

CBS Cognitive Base Station

OSM Operator Spectrum Manager

NRM Network Reconfiguration Manager

TRM Terminal Reconfiguration Manager

CBSRM CBS Reconfiguration Manager

RMC RAN Measurement Collector

TMC Terminal Measurement Collector

CBSMC CBS Measurement Collector

RRC RAN Reconfiguration Controller

TRC Terminal Reconfiguration Controller

CBSRC CBS Reconfiguration ControllerWSM White Space Manager

Another

CBSRM

AnotherNRM

WSM

(if needed)

1900.4 status and progressThe standard defines the building blockscomprising (i) network resource managers, (ii)device resource managers, and (iii) the informationto be exchanged between the building blocks, forenabling coordinated network-device distributeddecision making that will aid in the optimization ofradio resource usage, including spectrum access

control, in heterogeneous wireless accessnetworks.Standard document was issued Feb. 2009

1900.4a status and progressThis standard amends the IEEE 1900.4 standard toenable mobile wireless access service in whitespace frequency bands without any limitation on

used radio interface (physical and media accesscontrol layers, carrier frequency, etc) by definingadditional components of the IEEE 1900.4 systemDraft document for sponsor ballot is ready andmove to sponsor ballot

1900.4.1 status and progress

This standard uses the IEEE 1900.4 standard as a

baseline standard. It provides detailed descriptionof interfaces and service access points defined inthe IEEE 1900.4 standard enabling distributeddecision making in heterogeneous wirelessnetworks and obtaining context information for thisdecision makingDraft document is still editing



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an ar za on re a e o c ogn ve w re essnet w or k : IEEE1900.6

an ar za on re a e o c ogn ve w re essnet w or k : IEEE1900.6

Scope

This standard defines the informationexchange between spectrumsensors and their clients in radiocommunication systems.

The logical interface and supportingdata structures used for informationexchange are defined abstractlywithout constraining the sensingtechnology, client design, or data linkbetween sensor and client.

Status as of Sept. 25

Draft document version 3 is issued

Second sponsor ballot was done



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an ar za on re a e o c ogn ve w re ess

net w or k : IEEE 802.19.1

an ar za on re a e o c ogn ve w re ess

net w or k : IEEE 802.19.1

The IEEE 802.19.1 system architecture has three logical entities and six logicalinterfaces. An 802.19.1 logical entity is defined by its functional role(s) and itsinterfaces with other IEEE 802.19.1 logical entities and with external elements.

The three logical entities are: Coexistence Manager (CM) Coexistence Enabler (CE) Coexistence Discoveryand Information Server (CDIS)

The six logical interfaces are: Interface A Interface B1

Interface B2 Interface B3 Interface C Interface D

Source: IEEE80219.1, System Design Document



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R& D resu l t (Cogni t ive base s t a t ion) : Pro t o t ypeHet erogeneous type c ogni t ive radio system (1/2)


Cognitive base station for mobilewireless router (Press released onMarch 3, 2009)

Accommodates several RAN connection

methods (WiFi, HSDPA, WiMAX, PHS, etc.)

Provides Internet connection to users behaving

as a WLAN access pointProvides sensing information to NRM

Chooses the best RAN in terms of users

preferences according to sensing information andnetwork policy from NRM

Includes IEEE 1900.4 architecture that has beencontributed by NICT

This is the world-first prototype that includeIEEE 1900.4 standardized technologyproposed by NICT

Cognitive Base station

CBMC

CBRC

CBRM

System1

WirelessLAN

Interface

System1 WirelessLAN

WAN part

LAN part

Control path

Data path

item Specification

Sensing part

Sensing frequency bandDependent on communication systems connected viaUSB port (e.g. PHS, WiMAX, 3GPP, 3GPP2)

Wide Area Network part

Supported communicationsystems

PHS, WiMAX, 3GPP, 3GPP2

Radio access network (RAN)selection framework

IEEE 1900.4 compliance

Local Area Network part

Communication frequency band 2400M2497MHz

Communication bandwidth 20 MHz

PHYOFDM (52 carrier, 48 data subcarriers, 4 pilotsubcariier)

PHY frame format 802.11a compliance

MAC protocol 802.11a based MAC

Output power Maximum 10 dBm



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Connectedvia WLAN

Internet Connectionsvia WLANs, commercialHSDPA and PHS network

Mobile Wireless Router

NRM

PCs and PDAssupporting WLAN access

Developedin this project

Communication devicesCF type, USB type

Internet

Provide information of RANs andaccess points to mobile routerconforming IEEE 1900.4 standard

NRM

As additional function, CBS can communicate withserver that includes network reconfigurationmanager (NRM). NRM can check RAN status andstatus of CBS. NRM can manage RAN that CBS usedand also select RAN that is adequate from theviewpoint of network side.

Prototype of heterogeneous-typecognitive base station (CBS)

Small and low-power consumption

Wireless access technologies to be

connected WiMAX(802.16e) and

WiFi(802.11a/b/n)

HSPA

Conforming IEEE 1900.4

Load balancing Cooperating withNRM

The technology will be availablein market soon (in Japan)

H. Harada, et. al., Research and development on

heterogeneous type and spectrum sharing type cognitive radiosystems, CrownCom 2009, Jun. 2009.



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R& D resu l t (Cogni t ive base s t a t ion) : Pro t o t ypeSpect rum shar ing type c ogni t ive radio sys tem

R& D resu l t (Cogni t ive base s t a t ion) : Pro t o t ypeSpect rum shar ing type c ogni t ive radio sys tem

Spectrum sharing type cognitive basestation (Press released on May 7, 2009)

Senses UHF TV band (400-770 MHz), 2GHz and5GHz band to find vacant frequency band

Decides operational frequency band by CBRM andmove to the frequency band

Reconfigures itself by using 802.11a PHY and MAC onthe decided frequency band and transmits beacon tothe mobile stations

Continue to sense spectrum to check whetherinterfered with other users periodically even ifreconfiguration is finished

Includes a modified IEEE 1900.4 architecture that has

been contributed by NICT, CBRM, CBMC, and CBRC

Chanelcontrol

TX/RXControlRF part

Frequencysensing

controller

Waveform

(PHYlayer)FPGA part

Frequencysensing

Waveform

(MAClayer)

CBMC

CBRC

CBRM

Cognitive Base station

CPU part

Item Specification

Sensing frequency band 470M-770MHz, 1884.5M-1919.6MHz,2210M-2170MHz, 2400M-2497MHz,2492.5M-2692.5MHz, 5160M-5330MHz

Communication frequencyband

2400M-2692.5MHz , 5160M-5330MHz

Communication bandwidth 20MHz

PHY OFDM (52 carrier, 48 data subcarriers, 4pilot subcarrier)

PHY frame format 802.11a compliance

MAC protocol 802.11a based MAC

Output power Maximum 10 dBmH. Harada, et. al., Research and development on

heterogeneous type and spectrum sharing type cognitive radio

systems, CrownCom 2009, Jun. 2009.



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Feasib i l i t y s t ud ies by w i re less t es t bedFeasib i l i t y s t ud ies by w i re less t es t bed

Equipped in

Universities, Museum,

Schools, Restaurants,

Hospitals, Sports

centers, Shopping

centers

Tokyo

Yokosuka city

User can access to the Internet

by the terminal or PC or smart

phone that has WLAN

500 units of cognitive base station(Router between WLAN and WANs)

Fujisawa city

Network reconfiguration

management (NRM)

server

Authentication serve

NRM database

Authentication

database

Web server

Mail server

Monitoring server

Network ReconfigurationManager in NICT Yokosuka

500 units of cognitive base station thathave routing function between WANs andWLAN are equipped in Fujisawa city . Userscan access the Internet with the terminal thathas a WLAN.

Spectrum sensing informationfrom CBSs are stored andprocessed to decide optimumWAN system that each CBSshould select and to improvefrequency utilization efficiency or

throughout performance .

Via WLAN

Spectrum sensing

results at each CBS

are reported to the

NRM server via WANs

(3GPPs, WiMAX, PHS,)



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Fut ure prospectSmar t (w i re less) gr id In te grated Wire less Clouds Net w ork

Fut ure prospectSmar t (w i re less) gr id In te grated Wire less Clouds Net w ork

All radio equipments such as radio base stations, terminals, and sensors are called wireless grids

The wireless grids collect all kinds of information related to spectrum, meter (electricity, gas, and water),surveillance information, climate, and atmosphere and send the information to the wireless clouds networkvia adequate gateways

Wireless Cloud/IP-network

Meter for lifeline(gas, electronic)

Earthquake recorder,Hyetometer, Riverflow instrument,

Atmosphereanalyzing monitor

Spectrum sensors

Probing carSurveillance

camera

Goverment

Companies

Experts

UsersCheck the result of reconfigurationby using wireless grids

LocalNetwork

Securityalarm

Indoor wirelessgrids

Outdoor wireless grids

LocalNetwork

Wireless cloud

phase

Using information processedby sensing information fromwireless grids in the wirelesscloud, reconfigure wireless

grids to control all kinds ofenergy

Send sensinginformation by wireless

grids to the wirelessclouds network viaadequate gateways

Smart wirelessgrid phase



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Conclus ionsConclus ions

More than three years have passed after defining cognitive wireless cloudsand the concept has become an enabling technology to launch nextgeneration wireless network

As use cases supported by cognitive wireless cloud, there are twocategories: heterogeneous-type and spectrum-sharing-type

For both categories, system architecture, functional architecture, and someinterfaces have already been defined and they are being standardized inIEEE 1900 (1900.4, 1900.4a, and 1900.6)

For spectrum sharing type, co-existing mechanism between spectrum-sharing-type systems are being standardized in IEEE 802.19.1

For both categories, prototypes are developing. Especially heterogeneous-type cognitive base station with routing function will be commercialized innear future

For heterogeneous-type cognitive base station, a large-scale cognitive

wireless clouds test bed has been launched by 500 units and managingservers and the test results will be referred to the operators who would liketo do the same kind of business

As a future accelerating research topic, optimizing algorithm based on thecontext information that sent from radio equipments and stored in theclouds network



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Cont ac t addressCont ac t address

Hiroshi Harada

Director, Ubiquitous Mobile Communications Group,

New Generation Wireless Communication Research Center,

National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and

Chair, IEEE SCC41, Vice chair, IEEE 1900.4, and Board of Directors, SDRForum,

E-mail: [email protected]


Documents

Control Over a Hybrid MAC Wireless Network (3)