CONTROL SPECIAL ISSUE - · PDF fileFor example, if an oil ... so directional overcurrent protection is used. DIFFERENTIAL ... included over 940 sets of REX 521 terminals

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An introduction to protection and control systems

Introducing IEC 61850

Delivering results

Global solutions for every application

Integrated control & protection

IED 670 series – protection, controland monitoring in a single unit

COM 600 for interoperability

Introducing REF 615

www.abb.com/ffwd

Over 20 years of experience in protection and control projects

FAST FORWARD WITH ABB POWER SYSTEMS & PRODUCTSPROTECTION AND CONTROL SPECIAL ISSUE

2008

At the most basic level, lost powerequals lost money. Utility networks

have a duty to keep the lights on, and their performance is regulated bymeasures such as Customer MinutesLost/Customer Interruptions. In the same way, industrial networks demandcontinuity and security of power supply to keep their processes running. A halted process can soon result inmassive losses. For example, if an oilrefinery loses its supply, it can be twoweeks before it is back up and running.Automation schemes can help to keeppower interruptions to a minimum.

Protection is used to detect power systemfaults and other abnormal conditions. It alsoprotects human life and properties closer to thepower network. In the home, this protectioncomes in the form of fuses in plugs, and fusesand MCBs (miniature circuit breakers) in theconsumer unit that measure the current flowing.There are also (RCD) residual current devices,which essentially use Kirchoff ’s current law todetect an earth fault, which could be a currentabout to pass through a human, and so trip thecircuit before any serious harm occurs.

POWER NETWORK PROTECTIONThe protection used on power networks isessentially the same, just on a much larger scale.

The quality of a protection scheme tends tobe measured in terms of reliability, speed andselectivity:

• A reliable protection relay operates correctlywhen there is a power system fault, butdoesn’t make an incorrect operation whenno fault is present

• Speed is the minimum operating time toclear a fault – to avoid damagingequipment and causing system instability

• Selectivity means only disconnecting thefaulted section of the network or plant –this helps maintain continuity of the rest of the supply or system

MAIN AND BACK-UP PROTECTIONIn general, main and back-up protection isapplied. Main protection operates every time a fault is detected. Back-up protection is set to operate should the main protection fail to operate.

OVERCURRENTOvercurrent is most the basic form of protection and is used at all voltage levels. To achieve selectivity, the protection is gradedaccording to time and/or current (higher faultcurrent = faster operating time, lower faultcurrent = slower operating time). If circuits arein parallel, or if there are multiple sources, thedirection of the current needs to be considered,so directional overcurrent protection is used.

DIFFERENTIALDifferential (unit) protection is applied to lines,transformers, motors, generators and bus-bars.This is absolutely discriminative / selectiveprotection, but it requires communication eithervia copper pilots or other more advanced formssuch as telephone circuits or optical fibres.

DISTANCEDistance (non-unit) protection discriminatesbetween faults by measuring the impedance of the line. The line generally has a constantimpedance (independent of current and voltagelevels). It doesn’t require communications butcan use them to help increase speed, orselectivity/security.

SIGNALLINGTeleprotection signalling can be used inconjunction with distance protection to provideincreased selectivity and faster tripping times,using communications infrastructure such aspilot wires or SDH/PDH networks.

Intertripping uses similar communicationschannels to pass trip signals from one substationto another to ensure that both ends of a faultycircuit are disconnected from the healthy powersystem.

LOADSHEDDINGWhen generation capacity cannot support theload then the balance between generation andload needs to be addressed. The indication thatgeneration is not matching the load is a drop involtage and/or frequency. Loadshedding schemesare used to disconnect less important loads tohelp redress the balance. Of course, measuringpower in and out would also indicate the loss of balance.

02 FFWD >> Protection and control special issue

An introduction to protectionand control systems

Introduction

Timeline1903 First electromechanical relay1960 Introduction of static relays1981 Advent of microprocessor relays1987 First numerical generator

protection1991 Introduction of numerical control

devices and SA systems1994 First numerical, decentralized

busbar protection1998 SA with sensors & actuators2001 Introduction of first numerical

station protection2003 Introduction of

Wide Area Monitoring2004 First IEC 61850-based solution

with full system integration

Protection and control special issue >> FFWD 03FFWD >> www.abb.com/ffwd

There are well over 4,000substation automation systems

installed worldwide. But until quiterecently, there was no overall standardfor the serial communications insubstation automation, so the majority ofthese systems are based on proprietarystandards. This meant that each systemwas limited to using components from asingle supplier, or complex and costlyprotocol conversions had to be applied.

It is natural for power utilities to want tosafeguard their investment in substationautomation equipment. This has resulted in a growing demand for flexible, future-proofsystems able to cope with changingrequirements, philosophies and technologies.In the early years of this century, the industryresponded by developing and releasing a newstandard, IEC 61850 ‘CommunicationNetworks and Systems in Substations’ whichis the first and only global standard thatconsiders all the communication needs withinsubstations.

ABOUT THE STANDARDIEC 61850 essentially defines standardizeddata models and sets, communicationmechanisms and the system configurationlanguage (SCL) in order to achieve a numberof goals:

• interoperability of system componentsand software tools

• free allocation of functions as well aschoice of different system architectures

• reuse of system configuration data• understanding of the system description

and functionality.

The standard is future-oriented, taking into consideration that developments incommunication technology move faster than developments in the functionality ofsubstation automation, protection and control equipment.

ABB LEADS THE WAY IN IEC 61850• Continuous engagement in the

elaboration and validation of the standard• Consistent implementation of IEC

61850 as a key technology in products,systems and tools for best possible systemintegration

• Efficient introduction of systems basedon the standard with modularizedsolutions for station control andmonitoring as well as bay control andprotection

• Guaranteed system openness for futurehardware and functional extensionsthrough fully standard-compliantdocumentation

• Development of state-of-the-art tools for efficient design, engineering, assembly, testing and commissioning, as well as maintenance of substationautomation systems

• Integration of third-party devices andsystems in ‘multi-vendor’ systems

• Quality assurance by ABB’s in-houseSystem Verification Centre (SVC) inBaden, Switzerland – the world’s onlyvendor test centre with officialqualification by UCA International, an independent user organization for IEC 61850

IEC 61850 – the first and only global standard forsubstation automation

IEC 61850


Success stories

Delivering results worldwideBuilding reliability intocrucial Austrian powercorridor In 2006 the Austrian utility, Verbund-AustrianPower Grid (APG), installed ABB’s PSGuard850 WAMS (Wide Area Monitoring System) to oversee the power flow along a crucial andheavily loaded transmission corridor between the cities of Vienna and Ternitz, connectingnortheastern and southern Austria.

The challenge for this corridor is that much of the 1,900MW of surplus power produced in the northeast is transferred to the south of the country, which has a deficit of 1,400MW, over three 220kV power lines which have a total capacity of 1,200MW.

Increased congestion restricts the flow ofelectricity and threatens the security of supply.Compounding the congestion is the gradualaddition of another 1,000MW of electricityfrom wind generation in the northeast, as well as the closure of coal-fired power plants in thesouth, which is creating even greater demand for power from the north.

ABB’s WAMS solution stabilizes and protectsthe corridor in conjunction with three phase-shifting transformers installed at critical nodes in the network. The system coordinates theoperation of the phase-shifting transformers for maximum performance, line over- andunderloads can be balanced, and losses causedby uncoordinated loop flows (inadvertent powerlosses as electricity is transmitted through the

network) are also minimized. This helps APG to get the most use out of its existingtransmission capacities, and at the same timesignificantly reduce the risk of a black-out caused by overloaded lines.

ABB has also installed monitoring systemsfor utilities around the world, includingSwissgrid (ETRANS) in Switzerland; theTennessee Valley Authority in the USA; Hrvatska Elektroprivreda in Croatia; Hellenic Transmission System Operator in Greece; Comisión Federal de Electricidad /Centro Nacional de Control de Energía inMexico; Eskom in South Africa; Statnett inNorway; Electricity Generating Authority ofThailand and Fingrid Oyj in Finland.

First IEC 61850-basedsubstation automationsolution in successfuloperationIn 2006, ABB’s first IEC 61850-basedsubstation automation solution enteredsuccessful operation at EGL’s 380kV Laufenburgsubstation in Switzerland. The project wascarried out as part of the Swiss utility’s generalrefurbishment of the substation - including fiveline bays, one transformer and one bus couplerand had to be performed during continuous

operation within a highly critical time span.ABB’s solution and migration scenario for

the primary and secondary refurbishment wasbased on the feeder-by-feeder installation andcommissioning of highly integrated gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) on the primary sideas well as new IEC 61850 compliant controland redundant protection equipment on thesecondary side. This involved integration of athird-party Main 2 device, as well ascommunication to the existing station-levelsystem via a gateway for protocol conversion.

Airport power supply secured for Beijing Olympics 2008ABB has helped Beijing International Airport (BCIA) to secure a stable power supply for its new terminal 3 (T3)in readiness for the 2008 Summer Olympics. The project, covering one 110kV substation and more than 5010kV switching stations, included over 940 sets of REX 521 terminals. These provide multi-functionality –including protection, control, metering and monitoring within the same terminal – for the 10kV feeders and10kV transformers to meet all protection requirements. Remote monitoring and control enables BCIA to speedup fault analysis and clearance should a network fault occur.


Success stories

Successful RED 670trial with National GridIn 2007 ABB completed a successful nine-month site trial with National Grid in which the GPS-based RED 670 line differentialprotection IED was installed on 400kVsubstation circuits in North Wales. Theextended trial demonstrated the RED 670’scapabilities in a realistic ‘in-service’environment, without exposing the powersystem to undue risk.

RED 670 devices were installed in a three-ended 400kV substation circuit betweenTrawsfynydd, Legacy and Deeside. They wereconnected alongside the existing protectionsystems where they were subjected to the sameworking environment and fed the same liveinput data. The only difference from a fully liveinstallation was that the RED 670 devices didn’tperform any actual tripping. Instead, theiroutputs were monitored to check that they were analysing the data correctly and makingthe right decisions.

As well as mimicking the behaviour of theexisting site protection systems, the RED 670devices were subjected periodically to additionaltests to monitor their stability under abnormalconditions. This involved planned routeswitching of the communications channels andsimulation of the loss of the GPS signal, bothindividually and simultaneously. There were alsotimes when the devices were subjected tounplanned communications interference. Theyperformed appropriately under thesecircumstances and then even better when theproblem was resolved.

Near the end of the test programme therewas a lightning strike that created a transientprimary fault on the overhead line close toTrawsfynydd. This type of event causes a lot ofdifferent things to happen very quickly on anetwork, especially a large, sudden increase incurrent. The RED 670 responded perfectly,providing exactly the right switching response.

Breakthrough forgenerator protectionschemes in FranceABB is pioneering multi-functional generatorand transformer protection, and has now wonthe largest protection project of this kind to date using REG 670 devices. Over the nexteight years, these will be retrofitted to 28generator and transformer protection systems in seven of EDF’s 900MW nuclear power plants in France.

Protection schemes, each comprising threeREG 670 devices, will replace the originalGSX5b protection systems supplied by ABB in the 1970s. It was EDF’s satisfaction withtheir long and reliable operation that enabledABB to win this upgrade project.

The enhanced schemes will provideduplication in hardware and functionality – a significant gain in operational safety. They will also help to prolong the service life of the generators and transformers, raising productivity and availability andensuring continuous, optimal power delivery.

Substation automationfor Mumbai oil refineryABB has completed a major contract for theHindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited(HPCL) to supply substation automationsystems for 6.6kV and 415V substations for theexpansion of an oil refinery in Mumbai, India.

The ABB solution is based on the verifiedimplementation of IEC 61850 and includesnearly 500 terminals and relays. Highavailability is ensured by full redundancy at thestation level. For maximum performance andsecurity, physically separated communicationnetworks have been implemented for thesubstations.

MicroSCADAfor KOGAS,KoreaABB has suppliedMicroSCADA substation automationsystems comprising 12communications servers

and over 600 IEDS to the Korea Gas Corporation(KOGAS) as part of the extension to LNGterminals at Tongyoung and Pyungtaek. The ABBsystems provide reliable control for internal powersystems ranging from 115V to 154kV, and collectextensive information about disturbances on thenetwork.

The ABB substation automation approach hasensured a simpler protection and control systemsolution for KOGAS that has eliminated the needfor separate Remote Terminal Units (RTUs). It isnow easy to identify the causes of faults and totake the correct, rapid action to correct them. This has helped to reduce the overall plantinterruption time.

Weaving a powercontrol web for London Underground The London Underground (LU) power supplysystem is kept under continuous control bycontrol room engineers and operators. They areresponsible for the safe and reliable operation ofa 22kV sub-transmission system with loaddelivered via an 11kV system to 158 deliverypoints. Local transformer rectifiers provide630VDC for the train motive power, as well aslower-voltage supplies for auxiliary services suchas signalling, lighting and ventilation. The DCsupply is switched off at night, to allow trackmaintenance work to be carried out safely whiletrains are not running, and this typically resultsin over 500 switching operations each day.

In August 1998, LU signed a 30-year, £1billion Private Finance Initiative (PFI) contractwith EDF Energy Powerlink – a consortiumjointly owned by EDF Energy, Balfour Beattyand ABB – to operate, maintain, finance andrenew the Underground’s high-voltage powersupply system. One of ABB’s main roles hasbeen the design, installation and commissioningof a new integrated, high-performance, SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)SPIDER system. It provides overall control ofthe power distribution network for four out of

seven LU regions (Eastern, Western, Victoriaand Metropolitan) as well as the primary 22kVdistribution network. It replaces six previousSCADA systems that were either at the end oftheir working life or were temporaryinstallations.

The SPIDER SCADA system is fullyintegrated with LU’s communications system.Control of the network is centralized in tworeplicated command centres (main andemergency), with dual application serversinterconnected by a high-speed fibre-opticcommunications link.

Remote terminal units (RTUs) provide thelocal interface with the power networkequipment (transformers, switchgear, SVCs and so on), and they are linked into theSCADA system by copper lines converging onsix data concentrators. One of the key technicalchallenges in the project was in developing theprotocol conversion software that enabled thelegacy RTUs to communicate with the newSCADA system.

The SPIDER system has proved its capabilityto ensure a high level of power availability tomeet LU’s stringent operating targets. Inparticular, greater visibility of the power systemenables any issue to be flagged and identified, so that early action can be taken to prevent itescalating into a fault.


Product portfolio

Global solutions fo

TOTAL SUPPORTA 20-year track record in global substationautomation makes ABB a proven and reliablesolution provider. It has the resources to createthe company cost-effective integrated solutionsas well as supplying stand-alone products forcoordinated protection, signalling and controlfor any transmission and distributionapplication.

ABB’s customers are mainly electricalutilities, transmission, distribution and

generation companies as well as themanufacturing and processing industries. The company works in close cooperation withchannel partners such as OEMs, EPCs andmain contractors.

ABB’s substation automation service, support and training capabilities provide thecomprehensive support that enables customersto operate more efficiently, profitably andcompetitively.

BROAD SCOPE OF SUPPLYABB’s scope of supply includes:

• solutions for efficient control, protection,automation and monitoring of new andexisting substations of any type, size andtopology

– IEC 61850-compliant solutionportfolio of interoperable systems,products and tools

– full system integration and verification– consulting and system design

optimization• protection schemes for generators, busbars,

lines, transformers, shunt reactors,capacitors and motors as well as stationprotection systems with decentralizedstructure and functional integration

• service and support in all project phases:– consulting, power system studies,

disturbance analysis, relay settingcalculations, CT / VT calculations

– system design and engineering, project management, assembly, testing, commissioning, training and maintenance

– main contracting for turnkeyinstallations as well as upgrades ofexisting substation automation systems


Product portfolio

r every application

TRAINING Training is vital in helping customers toimprove their understanding of how to use the individual equipment or system and how to operate the whole power distribution and transmission process most efficiently.Furthermore, training provides:

- improved economy in process operation- faster and safer operational decision making- improved knowledge in adapting products

to specific requirements- one-to-one contact with ABB’s fully trained

and experienced instructors.

Training can be provided at the ABBuniversities in Vaasa, Finland, Västerås Sweden,Baden, Switzerland and by ABB’s localorganization in the UK.


ICP

Meeting the challenges of integratedcontrol and protection projects

ABB has developed an IntegratedControl and Protection (ICP)

approach that offers significant benefits for substation automation projects, bothfor upgrading existing schemes and fornew build. ICP uses pre-engineered, pre-tested and pre-approved equipment, which enables ABB tocondense the same functionality into a muchsmaller footprint and reduce the amount of on-site work, as well as achieve significantreductions in delivery time. ABB SubstationAutomation Manager, Andy Osiecki, looks at

some of the challenges involved in the deliveryof an ICP project.

The type-registration of standard solutionsaddresses the strategic challenge of providing, a standardized modular design scheme. There isalso a further major strategic challenge inmarrying a standardized solution to theparticular requirements of a specific substation.

Several factors may affect this second strategicchallenge. Many are present from the start, andsome run concurrently, exponentially increasingthe challenges to delivery.

During tendering, it is not logisticallypossible to do a detailed risk analysis of eachsite. There is, therefore, an inherent risk at the start of the project. There are technical and commercial components to this inherentrisk, which need to be managed carefully, toensure successful and cost-effective delivery.

Detailed below are the major challenges thatABB faced in executing NICAP (Nationalscheme for Integrated Control and Protection)2, an ICP contract for National Grid, after theaward of the contract.

ENGINEERING

• National Grid (NG) has an on-line repository fordrawings known as the LiveLink in order tofacilitate seamless interfacing of design work.However, the dynamic nature of substationrefurbishment and associated site work meansthere are some cases when ongoing work isnot fully reflected in the drawings in therepository. We bridge this gap by doing a scanof the drawings existing at the actual site, andrecreating master drawings.

• In some block houses and GIS buildings,space considerations necessitate theinstallation of new equipment in the spaceoccupied by old equipment, posing additionalconstraints in areas such as mounting andcable trunking while housing the new solution.

• It is not uncommon for ABB’s planned outageon a protection feeder to take place at thesame time as another contractor’s outage ona transformer associated with the feeder. Thisconcurrent engineering with mutual designimpact requires close co-ordination betweenthe two suppliers. We work closely with NGand other suppliers in such cases.

• Even with type registration, there is thepotential for preferential engineering to suitoperating practices that specific sites areaccustomed to. To avoid revisiting designs, wetry to get key site personnel involved as earlyin the design as possible.

• Some of the equipment to be refurbished hasproprietary components whose functionalitiesneed to be retained in the new installation, butwhich do not lend themselves to easy

interfacing or replication. This requires designwork-arounds addressing existing operationalpractices and overcoming resistance tochange.

• ICP has introduced new requirements into the portfolio of solutions required. Softwareinterlocking on triple and double busbarstations was tested and type registered on the ICP platform.

• The UK’s Construction Design ManagementRegulations require installation risks to bedesigned out as far as possible. This takes the design from a largely office-based activityinto a more comprehensive risk mitigationdesign environment. This also necessitatesdesign vigilance to ensure continuousimprovement of the design from one outage to the next.


ICP

INSTALLATION

• In some earlier ICP installations, it wascommon practice to use labour hired on an as-required basis to complete site work. In a refurbishment scenario, there are severalunknowns which constitute risks to the costand programme of the site installation, andwork could extend to fill the time available andbeyond. ABB has used fixed price installationcontracts, which significantly limit the risk onprogramme and cost, and ensure consistencyand quality of the labour.

• Apart from space constraints, there could beother constraints at site that affect the timelycompletion of the work. Examples includewater ingress in cross-site cable trenches and chemical contamination of existingequipment. Elimination of such problems isNG’s responsibility; however, we work closelywith NG to arrive at optimum solutions withoutcompromising health and safety.

• Concurrent work with other contractors at siterequires advance planning and closecoordination of the site work to minimize losttime and effectively address access, health,

safety and other issues. This is implementedthrough a series of co-ordination meetings.

• Many NG sites have asbestos areas such asfloor tiles, ceilings, walls and MCB boxes. It isNG’s responsibility to provide an asbestos-freework environment. If the programme ofasbestos removal in an area where we have to work impacts our work programme, it poses a challenge in managing the return to service without compromising the companypolicy on asbestos-related working. We didthis effectively at a recent installation under theICP programme.

MANUFACTURING

• The tight transmission network scenarioimposes constraints on the programming ofcircuit outages. This influences the noticethat NG is able to able to give its suppliersfor the start of any works. To meetequipment manufacture and delivery timesunder such conditions, it becomesnecessary to issue manufacture packs whenthe design is still not complete, and modifythe pack as the design progresses.

DOCUMENTATION

• NG has given timescales for the submissionof documentation in relation to return toservice dates. Some are milestones withassociated liquidated damages. With severaloutages running in close proximity, some ofthem even concurrently, this becomes adelicate balancing act. ABB has a goodrecord in ICP, and our commissioning fileshave been particularly well received.

DOCUMENTATION

• Since the outage period is fixed and thereturn to service date is sacrosanct, it is vitalthat equipment is integrated and tested fullybefore shipping to site. At site, an SiteAcceptance Test (SAT) is conducted toensure readiness for installation once theoutage begins. SCS databases and cross-site fibre-communication links are tested asfar as possible to mitigate potential issuesduring the outage.

RESOURCING

• In order to mitigate resource shortfalls, wehave implemented comprehensive sub-contracts for the lower end of theengineering work, with adequate ABBsupervision. A knowledge of the ICP-specificprocess is a necessity in all the facets of theproject. In-house guidance, orientation andon-the-job familiarisation are implemented toimprove our in-house capabilities.

COMMISSIONING

• From 1 Jan 2005, NG introduced amandatory authorization (known as the TP141authorization) aimed at ensuring acceptablestandards for commissioning engineers onNG sites. The authorization process isrigorous, and there are not enough authorizedengineers across the industry to support theon-going commissioning work. This posessubstantial resourcing challenges; shifting andcancellation of outages, necessitating the useof non-ABB specialist engineers. ABBreduces the impact by bringingcommissioning engineers on board on a long-term basis for sites with multiple outages, aswell as getting non-ABB specialist engineerson board early enough for them to becomefaimilar with ABB equipment and testing.

• A circuit under outage may be called back toservice in an emergency. When an EarlyReturn to Service (ERTS) is called, the circuitis to be returned to service with certainminimum protections, within a few hours. The possibility of an ERTS requires carefullyplanned staged installation or the availability oftemporary protection panels. The upstreamimpact of this is in engineering, manufacturingand the commissioning strategy.

TypeRegistration

EngineeringContractors

IntallationContractors

Design & EngineeringDesign Team Leader

Quality, Health,Safety, Environment

PlanningSupport

Site Management

Supply ChainSupport

ProjectManagers

ControlSystems

SystemsEngineer

CommissioningTeam Lead

CommissioningEngineers

Project ManagementLead Project Manager

SiteManagers

Design /Cct Engrs

DocControl

The successful return to service of several major circuits in 2007 called on ABB’s commitmentto quality and safety as well as our customer focus, and demonstrated our strong capabilities to:

• execute projects successfully in a refurbishment environment• be responsive and adopt a pragmatic approach to problems• be flexible to address challenges proactively, working in partnership with the customer,

sub-contractors and third parties• deliver excellence through continuous improvement.

ICP project structure


New product

IED 670 series – protection, controland monitoring in a single unit

ABB’s IED 670 series providesreliable, efficient and flexible

protection, monitoring and control for all applications in sub-transmission and transmission systems.

IED 670 products are based on a commonpowerful hardware platform and an extensivehardware-independent, modular functionlibrary. This opens up a whole new range ofpossible applications. It also offers the potentialto achieve an exceptional cost/performance ratioby combining multi-object protection andcontrol capability with the traditional protectionof an IED. Setting, commissioning andmaintenance procedures are made fast andsimple since the user only has to learn about oneproduct to know them all.

The state-of-the-art IED 670 series hasinherited the time-proven algorithms fromABB’s previous generations of IEDs. Thesealgorithms have been further developed, andtogether with the IED 670’s outstanding I/Ocapability series they set a new standard forperformance. So, for example, one IED cancontrol several bays with complete monitoringand back-up protection.

DESIGNED TO COMMUNICATEThe IED 670 series complies with the stringentrequirements of the IEC 61850 standard. Theyalso interoperate with other IEC 61850compliant IEDs tools and systems to provideextensive communication capabilities andinterfaces enabling unrivalled compatibility fornew and retrofit installations.

EASY TO HANDLEEach IED 670 device is delivered ready-to-use,pre-configured and type-tested for differenttypes of application. This makes them easy touse, from selection to operation andmaintenance. There are also a number of optionpackages available for each device, so they caneasily be adapted to meet specific customerrequirements.

SIMPLIFIED SOLUTIONSThe IED 670 series offers simplified solutionsfor complex applications that previouslyrequired the installation of several discrete piecesof equipment. This approach reduces costs andminimizes spare parts handling. For example, aone and a half breaker arrangement that wouldnormally need seven individual IEDs can nowbe replaced by just two RED 670 devices thatprovide both line distance and line differentialprotection and monitoring functions as well asthe switchgear control plus functions such assynchro-check, breaker failure and so on.

Another typical smart solution offered by theIED 670 concept is for transformer and shuntcapacitor bank protection. Here, thanks to its 24analogue inputs, just one RET 670 device can

provide a comprehensive suite of protection andcontrol functions.

GPS LOSS – NO PROBLEMABB’s most recent development has focused oneliminating any concerns regarding the potentialloss of the GPS (Global Positioning System)signals used to time synchronize the RED 670line differential protection devices with a veryhigh level of accuracy.

Locally measured current values are time-stamped by the RED 670 and the records aretransmitted to the other end of the protectedline. Here, a second RED 670 compares thisinformation with its own measured values and then makes the appropriate ‘smart’ decision about tripping the circuit breaker.Should the device lose its GPS signal – possiblydue to bad weather – it is essential that thedevice does not make an incorrect trippingdecision.

Based on extensive site experiences indifferent utilities, ABB has refined the GPSfunctionality of the RED 670 to improvesecurity and functionality.

IED 670 SERIES DEVICES• REL 670 for line distance protection, monitoring and control• RED 670 for line differential protection, monitoring and control• RET 670 for transformer protection, monitoring and control• REB 670 for busbar protection and monitoring• REC 670 for bay control• REG 670 for generator protection and monitoring


New product

COM 600 –A future-proof concept for substation system integration and interoperability

ABB’s substation automation COM 600 series is designed to

provide interoperability between industrialor utility substation IEDs and local operatorinterfaces as well as with higher-levelNetwork Control Centres (NCC) orDistributed Control Systems (DCS).

The series features gateway functionality andsupport a variety of commonly used substationdevice communication protocols. It comprisesthree products.

COM 605 COM 610 AND COM 615–CONTROL AND MONITORING UNITThe COM 605 Control and Monitoring Unitoffers Web server functionality, providing ahuman machine interface (HMI) for localsubstation monitoring and control.

COM 605 is used mainly in applicationsrequiring a basic level of local and/or remoteaccess using Web technology. Securecommunication enables authorized users with a standard PC and Web browser to

access the substation HMI over the Internet orLAN/WAN. Local connection of a laptop PC to the unit provides full monitoring and controlfunctionality at the substation level.

COM 610 – COMMUNICATION GATEWAYThe COM 610 Communication Gateway mapssignals and data between the protection andcontrol IEDs in industrial or utility substationsand higher-level systems. The gateway interfaceswith any master system using de facto masterprotocols.

COM 615 – STATION COMPUTERThe COM 615 Substation Computer offers thecombined features and functionality of theCOM 605 and the COM 610. It providesgateway functions for mapping data and signalsbetween substation level equipment and higher-level systems. In addition, it offers HMIfunctionality to meet local and remotemonitoring and control needs.

OPEN ACCESS TO REAL-TIME INFORMATIONCOM 600 products incorporate OPC serverfunctionality that provides a single entry pointfor all the substation information. They are alsofully compliant with the IEC 61850 standardfor substation automation. This enables them to provide full interoperability with any IEC61850 compliant IEDs, tolls and systems,simplifying system design and commissioning.

FAST COMMISSIONING OF ABB IEDSCOM 600 products make ABB IEDS fast andstraightforward to commission thanks to thesupport of ABB’s unique connectivity package.This simplifies system configuration and reducesthe risk of errors in system integration,minimising device configuration and set-uptimes.

Feeder automationaunctionality

Network Control Center

Processcommunication

Touch-screen forlocal HMI functions Local access

LAN / WAN

COM 600

Remote communication


New product

New REF 615 provides IEC 61850-basedconnectivity and interoperability fordistribution substations

CONTACTS For further information please contact:

Transmission automationIbrahim Cobanoglu+44 (0)1785 825 [email protected]

Substation automation and protectionAndy Osiecki+44 (0)1785 [email protected]

Distribution automationTim Spearing+44 (0)845 601 [email protected]

Published by:ABB LimitedPower Systems & Products,Oulton Road,Stone, Staffordshire, ST15 0RS

Editor: Karen Strong

Telephone: 01785 825050www.abb.com/substationautomation

ABB’s new REF 615 is a dedicatedfeeder protection relay designed

specifically for the protection,measurement and supervision of utilitysubstations and industrial power systems.

The REF 615 has been engineered to unleashthe full potential of the IEC 61850 standard forcommunication and interoperability ofsubstation automation devices. It provides mainprotection for overhead lines, cable feeders andbusbar systems of distribution substations. Thefeeder protection relay suits any distributionnetwork, regardless of the appliedpower system earthing principle.

PROTECTION ANDCONTROLThe REF 615 feederprotection relay offersshort-circuit, time overcurrentand thermal overload protection. It also features directional and non-directionalearth-fault protection, sensitive earth-faultprotection (SEF) and transient-measuring earth-fault protection including detection ofintermittent earth-faults in cable networks.Finally, the relay incorporates a flexible three-phase multishot auto-reclose function forautomatic extinguishing of arc faults on open-wire overhead lines.

When enhanced with an optional plug-incard, the relay offers a three-channel arc-faultprotection system for supervision of theswitchgear circuit breaker, cable and busbarcompartment. REF 615 also integrates basiccontrol functionality, which facilitates thecontrol of one circuit breaker via the relay’sHMI or remote control system. To protect therelay from unauthorised access and to maintainthe integrity of information, the relay has beenprovided with a four-level, role-based userauthentication system, with individualpasswords for the viewer, operator, engineer and administrator level.

THE POWER OF COMMUNICATIONREF 615 supports the new IEC 61850 standardfor inter-device communication in substations.It also supports the industry standard Modbus®protocol. The implementation of IEC 61850covers both vertical and horizontalcommunication, including GOOSE messagingand parameter setting according to IEC 61850-8-1. The substation configuration language

(SCL) enablesthe use of engineeringtools for automated configuration,commissioning and maintenance of substation devices.

PRE-EMPTIVE CONDITION MONITORINGTo ensure optimized system availability, REF615features a comprehensive choice of monitoringfunctions to supervise the relay itself, the CBtrip circuit and the circuit breaker. Dependingon the chosen device configuration, the relaymonitors the wear and tear of the circuitbreaker, the spring charging time of the CBoperating mechanism and the gas pressure of thebreaker chambers. The relay also supervises thebreaker travel time and the number of CBoperations to provide basic information forscheduling CB maintenance.

RAPID SET-UP AND COMMISSIONINGSince REF 615 is designed specially for feeder protection, it can be rapidly set up and commissioned, once it has been given the application specific relay settings. It also offers the flexibility to be adapted to meet the particular requirements of an individualapplication.

Connectivity packages that contain complete descriptions of ABB’sprotection relays, with data signals, parametersand addresses, enable the relay to be configuredautomatically via MicroSCADA Pro system orthe PCM 600 relay setting and configurationtool.

UNIQUE PLUG-IN DESIGN RELAYThe plug-in type relay design speeds upinstallation and testing of the protection. The factory-tested relay units can be withdrawnfrom the relay cases during switchgear factoryand commissioning tests. The plug-in designalso speeds up maintenance work thanks to the easy exchange of relay units.

The relay case provides automatic short-circuiting of the CT secondary circuits toprevent hazardous voltages from arising in the CT circuits when a relay plug-in unit iswithdrawn from its case.

The pull-out handle locking the relay unitinto its case can be sealed to prevent the unitfrom being unintentionally withdrawn from the relay case.

Documents

CONTROL SPECIAL ISSUE - · PDF fileFor example, if an oil ... so directional overcurrent protection is used. DIFFERENTIAL ... included over 940 sets of REX 521 terminals