Control Systems

Home Affairs Local Govt.

Council

Labor

DistrictLaborOffice

Education

District Ed.Office

Agriculture

District Ag.Office

Public Works

Public WorksOffice

Functional

Control Systems

Interior Local Govt. Public Works Agriculture Education Labor

Council/Chief

Prefectoral - Integrated

DistrictOffice

DistrictLaborOffice

District Ed.Office

District Ag.Office

Public WorksOffice

Control Systems

Local Govt.

Council/Chief

Prefectoral - Unintegrated

Police

Police

Interior Labor

DistrictLaborOffice

Education

District Ed.Office

Agriculture

District Ag.Office

Public Works

Public WorksOffice

DistrictOffice

State Societal Linkages

Central State - Macro

Civil Society - Micro

Weak Strong

State-mezzo Weak Strong

Mono-State…...INTERGOVERNMENTAL Systems in place.…..Local State

SOFT STATE…………………………….PREDATORY STATE

Local - SOFT STATE….………………LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Weak Strong

French Colonial System

French National Assembly (Nominal African Reps)

Ministry of Overseas Affairs

Sub-Chief

District Chief

Commandant

Governor (Guinea)

Governor-General (West Africa-Dakar)

British Colonial System

Parliament (No Rep.)

Secretary of State for Colonies (Dominions)

Chief

District Officer

District Commissioner

Regional / Divisional Commissioner

Governor / High Commissioner*

Sub-Chief

Headman Tribal Council

Tribal Secretary and Clerks

Tribal Treasury

Tribal Court

Tribal Police

* Governor-General / High Commissioner with Resident Commissioners in Bechuanaland, Basutoland and Swaziland under Dominions Office

Reformed British Administration

Prime Minister (UK) Colonial Office

Secretariat

Para-Chief DEODistrict Commissioner

Provincial Commissioner PEO

Sub-Chief

Headmen

Parliament

EXECO

LEGCO Governor / Governor Secretary

MED WORKS EDUC AGRIC

London

Dar es Salaam

SAA MOJA Village

KilimanjaroProvince

Moshi

Traditional Administration &Governance

National Systems

Paramount Chief (King)

Sub-Chiefs

Village Meeting Place

Judicial System

Advisors (Native Councils)

Headmen

Traditional Systems & Parallel Rule

Imperial SystemsKing

Chief King’s Representative

Inner Council

Sub-Chief

Outer Council

Meeting Place

Judicial System

King’s Representative

Traditional Systems & Parallel Rule

Traditional Administration &Governance

Assimilation: replacement of traditional authorities by soldiers• Chief as government official• Façade of Direct Rule• Grassroots similarity

Assimilation vs. Indirect Rule

Indirect Rule and “Tribal Administration”• Legal / Rational Model• Modification of Tradition• Training of tribal administrator

Traditional Administration &Governance

GrassrootsOrganizations

CivicEducation

LandRural

IndustriesRuralCredit

Governance /Democracy

Communicationand

Support

NGOsWomen’s Focused

GroupsTarget Group

Decentralization