Controlling Power Devices

7/30/2019 Controlling Power Devices

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New session: Chapter XVI Almnfmat actuators and power capacityAlmnfmat actuators are electric or electronic devices, which you changeBahaddat in quantities (variables) natural. These quantities can be temperatureor temperature speed speed or pressure or pressure lighting light or humidity ormoisture angular position angular or linear and others.Imknchgal Almnfmat bythe AC or DC DC.DC implementers include DC motors DC motors and enginesSerfo servo motors and incandescent lamps and Alslenoadat solenoids andAlrilayat relays and others.AC implementers include AC motors AC motors andincandescent lamps, electric heaters and other.Moreover, the ability is theamount of electrical power required for a specific task. Electrical power isdefined as follows:

Where Pe is Alkadro electrical watt watts and V is the voltage across loadresistance R, and then can calculate the current I. In the case of the use of themicrocontroller in power control often requires the port voltage and currentgreater than that provided by the parties to the microcontroller. Microcontrolleroutput voltage is 5 volts and current can always be in the range of a few Milliamp.

-1 Implementers DC DC Actuators:DC implementers require stream passes always in the same direction.Use theseAlmnfmat requires two types of devices, power transistors, power transistors orAlrilayat relays.Transistors that could be "bipolar transistors" BJT orMOSFET MOSFET transistors. Characterized BJT transistor to control thecurrent through another stream.Transistors Amoosvi MOSFET control the flowof current through the control voltage.Transistor operates in three areas knownpieces region cut off and the saturation saturation and the effective area active.Destitute area is commonly used in larger systems signals amplification.However, in the case of Almnfmat be required in most cases to be either in the

case of activation activated or in the case of non-activation deactivated, meaningto have a conversion behavior ON, OFF.In other words transistors used inswitchgear.Under these operating conditions transistors keys of the stream inthe area of the pieces in the saturation region. The following figure shows thetransistor in the program code Isis:
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MOSFET transistor is controlled in the flow of current between the upstreamsource S and downstream drain D by teams of the gate voltage gate G.Transistor BJT is controlled in the flow of current between the current collectorC complex and radioactive emitter E by the current flowing through the basebase B.Use loads inductive inductive loads such as motors and Alrilayat and Alslenoadathis property energy storage in the form of an electromagnetic field, and thismeans that when you separate loads Hittite, the energy stored is returned viastream reverse, this phenomenon can cause damage to transistors controlsystems, to avoid this problem is to use bilateral biased inversely to unloadinductive loads, such an arrangement shown in the following figure:
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16.1.1 Alrilayat RelaysAlrilayat are electromechanical devices electromagnet electromagnet, which waywill be closed or open circuit by touching or more. Alrilayat model to isolate thepower circuits for electronic control stage.At the same time, is the low-performance devices, where you can not make rapid changes in her conditionand with continued eroding Allamsat use electric with time.The following figureshows the external appearance and the program code Isis this :

Finally, it must be using these devices in their final form as shown following

electrical circuit which carry works on voltage 120V AC:
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02/01/16 DC motors DC Motors:DC motors with inductive nature and therefore deserve to be

treated in the same way as the relay.In the following example microcontroller can be controlled to

change the speed of the DC motor, so the purpose is

implementation unit (Module) PWM microcontroller 16F628ABmzbzb 4MHz.On the program are as follows:
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To simulate this program Isis program is required to bring the following devices:

16F628A, BUTTON, RES, 2N3904, 1N4001, MOTOR ACTIVE to build thecircuit following:
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Depending on the desired intensity of the current transistor can be changed toimprove system performance.2N3904 transistor can control up to 200m Ampscurrent and transistor TIP31 can control the stream up to 3 amps depending onEmployment and curve characteristics.16.1.3 bridge H. H Bridge

H is the order of Qantara (organization) of the transistors, which allows reversepolarity of the electrical load when you provide a single voltage source (unipolar)single source. Could build Qantara H using separate discrete transistors or usingintegrated modules and commercially available.This arrangement includes twocontrol signals to enable the selection of polar positive and negative polarity.Thefollowing figure shows the electrical circuit of the separate arrangement:
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To activate the positive polarity is activated the first line of control control 1,while the Line of Control the second control 2, and activation of negative polarityis reversed if the parties control.Bearing in mind that the pace of Control willnot be forever control the two at the same time, as this act result in a short circuitshort between the positive voltage Vcc and ground, causing serious damageBaltranzsturat.The following example shows the engine rotation control DC DC motor viamicrocontroller 16F628A
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Simulation program is executed Isis after the construction of the circuitdescribed as follows:
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04/01/16 engines step Step MotorsMotors move is intermittent electromechanical spin (splitter) in the form of stepsand each step a certain value of grades.There are two types of engines step twouni-polar unipolar and bipolar bipolar.Engine unipolar him four files, which are activated one or two at the same time,always be the same polarity (unipolar).Bipolar step motors have only two files, which are activated at the same timealternating polarity (bipolar).This effect generates polar sequence files.Speed control relay is controlled in thespeed of rotation of the engine while the order of the sequence controls thedirection of rotation of the engine.The following figure shows the natural appearance and Isis program icons forthese engines:
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Unipolar motors unipolar:

Unipolar motors unipolar:Unipolar motors unipolar, generally have five or six parties, which correspondsto the four parties of the files, and a party or two in common. The following figure shows the department files unipolar Engine:

Activation sequence of unipolar motors can be in one of two forms: Activate only one income. Activate two incomes at the same time.When two incomes are activated at the same time the torque is increased torque

of the engine, but at the same time be more mainstream. The following table shows how the sequence of activation in both cases:

The following example shows how to control the a unipolar

Balmikrokontrulr engine PIC 16F628A with using a clock

frequency of4MHz, for this purpose are saved sequence

engine in a matrix, the form of the program as follows:
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To simulate this exercise program Isis need for the following devices:MOTOR-STEPPER, BUTTON, ULN2003A and building department following:

To conduct bilateral exercise with the sequence simply change the order of thesequence in the same program and use the same circuit simulation. The newarrangement will be as follows:
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Motors bipolar Bipolar motors:
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Controlling Power Devices