Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Hyderabad 2012 Outcomes, Bushmeat, Empty Jungle Syndrome « Mrunal

When it comes to environment protection, climate change, wildlife protection, there are multiple conventions and eachconvention has parties.Those parties hold conferences at regular interval.such conferences are called conference of Parties COP.In a single calendar year there can be more than on COP (because these are different conventions).

For example

What? When? Where? Issue/topic/convention?COP-11 Oct 2012 Hyderabad, India Biodiversity (CBD)

COP-18 Nov-Dec 2012 Doha, Qatar Climate change (UNFCC)COP-16 March 2013 Bangkok, Thailand illegal trade of endangered species (CITES)

lets focus on COP related to CBD (Convention on biological diversity)

To get a better grasp of CBD/COP11, make sure youve already read earlier two [EnB] articles

CBD: basics and evolution, click me1.Aichi targets under CBD, click me2.

Year COP# Where2010 10 Nagoya, Japan

2012 11 Hyd, India2014 12 PyeongChang, S.Korea (theme = Biodiversity forSustainable Development)

The Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) has near universal membership with 193 countries. The USA is the only majorcountry that is not a Party.India has ratified the CBD.India also enacted the Biological Diversity Act in 2002 and notified the Rules in 2004 to give effect to the provisions of theCBD.

HOME BIODIVERSITY MAY 14TH, 2013 63 COMMENTS

[EnB] COP 11 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Hyderaba... http://mrunal.org/2013/05/enb-cop-11-convention-on-biological-diversi...

1 of 12 21-11-2013 22:47

Now India has got presidency of CBD for two years. (2012-14). previously it was with Japan.

Total 170 countries participated in the conference.Current decade (2011-2020) has been declared as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity and United Nations Decade forDeserts and the Fight against Desertification.COP11-HYDCBD is the first conference during above special decades.Just few days before the official COP11, Hyderabad also hosted the 6th meeting of parties to Cartagena protocol on biosafety(under CBD). This is known as COP-MOP-6.

October 1-5 COP-MOP-6October 8-19 COP11

Was developed by National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad for the Government of India. This logo symbolises the cycle oflife with a tiger, a dolphin, a bird and a women with grains depicting linkage of biodiversity with livelihoods.On top is the slogan in Sanskrit with English translation Nature Protects if She is Protected

HYDCBD is not the official name. Just visualize Eleven cops (policemen) hiding kabaad (trash)= 11th COP was held inHyderabad for Convention on Biodiversity.The Previous COP (#10) was held @ Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan in 2010.

Anyways, lets check the outcome of COP-11(HYDCBD)

Who? What did they say?

Developed countries(EU/US)

Well double (2x) the funding to help developing states to meet Aichi Biodiversity Targets, by2015.roughly it means, developing countries will get about 30 billion USD=~Rs. 1,50,000 crore over thenext 8 years.

Developing CountriesFor the first time, developing countries at COP 11, including India and several African states,pledged additional cash above and beyond their core funding towards CBDIndia committed over US$ 50 million.

All By 2015, Well prepare national financial plans for biodiversity and increase domestic Expenditurefor it.

COP-11(HYDCBD) gave much focus to Ocean, marine biodiversity.Countries agreed to pay more attention to Sargasso Sea, the Tonga archipelago and key corals sites off the coast of Brazil.


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Sargasso Sea middle of the North Atlantic Ocean.

Tonga Archipelago South Pacific Ocean.Tonga is a sovereign state.

Well factor biodiversity into environmental impact assessments (EIA) for infra/development projects in costal areas.We call upon the fisheries management bodies to play a stronger role in protecting biodiversity.

Protected planet 2012=it is name of the report released by UNEP.This report says

Half of the worlds richest biodiversity zones remain entirely unprotected.If you want to meet the Aichi Biodiversity targets, then youve declare an additional 8 million square kilometers ofmarine and coastal areas as protected.

We, the COP11(HYDCBD) players, will show these results to UN General assembly and ask them amend United NationsConvention on Law of the Sea accordingly + international agreement for biodiversity conservation in marine areas beyondnational jurisdiction.

Well do more research into adverse effect of

underwater noise from ships on marine biodiversity, and1.Marine litter*2.Climate change impacts on coral reefs,3.

These are items / materials that

People deliberately discard/throw into the sea or rivers or on beaches.indirectly brought to sea via rivers, sewage, storm water or winds;Lost at sea in accident/bad weather.

National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans Forum (NBSAP Forum) was launched at COP11 (HYDCBD)This online forum will provide easy-to-access, targeted information such as best practices, guidelines and learning tools forcountries.This online forum is joint initiative by

UNEP1.UNDP2.GEF Global Environment Facility3.CBD4.

In Africa, forest is often called bush, so meat from jungle= bushmeat.Large scale hunting of monkeys, elephants, wild-buffalos etc. for bushmeat = led to Empty forest syndrome.


3 of 12 21-11-2013 22:47

You already know that protection of jungle and wildlife=both important.Empty forest syndrome = jungles are still visible but animals gone.

In other words, Empty forest syndrome is a situation in which animals disappear at a much faster rate than their habitats. WHY?Because

Bushmeat (as explained above)1.Trading of Skin, Hides, tusks etc. for making jewelry, trophies etc.2.Making Traditional medicine from animal-bones etc. (and it can even cure AIDS and Cancer!)3.Trading of exotic pets endangered birds, orangutan etc.)4.Climate change5.

Anyways back to the main topic (outcome of COP11)

In Central Africa, gorillas, chimpanzees and many more wild animals are hunted as bush meat is the only cheap source ofprotein and food security for the poor communities.The players @COP11 (HYDCBD) adoped Hyderabad bushmeat recommendations for sustainable use and Managementof bushmeat species to prevent the empty forest syndrome.

COP-11 invited parties and partner organizations to make pledges to support one or more Aichi Biodiversity Targets.Under this

India Pledged to give 50 million USDMaldives pledged to make their entire country a Biosphere Reserve.

In support of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets (of CBD), the Republic of Maldives has pledged to become the first nation wherethe entire country and its Exclusive Economic Zone will be a Biosphere Reserve.First theyll implement biodiversity protection plans in their different atolls in a stepwise fashion, till the end 2017,Then theyll apply to UNSECO to declare Maldives as a Biosphere Reserve. (under UNESCOs Man and the Biosphere(MAB) program.)

Nagoya Protocol=under CBD,For sharing benefits from genetic resources.Official name= Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising fromtheir Utilization (ABS).India has already ratified Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit sharing.Now that weve got 2 years presidency for CBD, India will work tirelessly to get the Protocol ratified by 50 countries so thatit comes into force during the Presidency of India.

Well ask main economic sectors, such as business and development organizations, to integrate biodiversity objectives in theirplans and programmes.Well enhance collaboration between the CBD and UN climate change initiatives including Reducing Emissions fromDeforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+).CBD Secretariat to monitor and control trade, movement of invasive alien species.encourage parties to expand the use of biofuel, although with precautionsEncourage parties to adopt Addis ababa principles (on sustainable use of biodiversity), in their national planning.

A train to generate awareness about biodiversity conservation. (actually this started way before the actual COP11 (HYDCBD)took place. But the train was stationed @Hyderabad during the conference.)Collaborative initiative of Ministry of Environment & Forests + Department of Science and Technology.will cover over 100 stations in two years.Has total Of the 16 coaches8 of them are solely dedicated to showcasing the biodiversity spread across all the bio-geographical zones of India.

Government already established a a commemorative Pylon and a Biodiversity Garden in Hyderabad for CBD.

Now theyre also planning to establish a Biodiversity Museum on that site.

Indian Government has proposed to institute Rajiv Gandhi International Award for Harnessing Biodiversity for Livelihood.


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Correct statements about MaldivesIt is worlds first nation to hold underwater cabinet meeting.a.It plans to be worlds first nation where entire country and its EEZ is declared a biosphere reserve.b.Bothc.Noned.

1.

Who among the following grants biosphere reserve status to a given site?CBDa.UNFCCb.UNESCOc.None of aboved.

2.

Which of the following is not related of Hyderabad Summit of CBD?Developed countries will double their funding.a.Adoption of recommendations for sustainable use and management of bushmeat species.b.Decision to commence second phase of Kyoto protocol from 1 January 2013.c.None of above.d.

3.

Which of the following is not used for bushmeat?Gorillasa.Wild buffalosb.Domesticated Swinec.All of aboved.

4.

Correct statements about 12th COP under CBDItll be held in Bangkok in 2013a.Theme is biodiversity for sustainable Developmentb.Bothc.Noned.

5.

From North to South, which is the correct order?Sargasso Sea, Labrador Sea, Tasmanian Sea,a.Labrador Sea, Tasmanian Sea, Sargasso Seab.Labrador Sea, Sargasso Sea, Tasmanian Seac.None of aboved.

6.

[EnB] Doha COP18/UNFCC: Extension of Kyoto, Green Climate Fund, AAU issue,challenges exaplained

[EnB] Trophic Levels, Biotic Potential, Bio Magnification & IGNOU Material onEnvironment and biodiversity (free Download)

[EnB] Gadgil report on Western Ghats: Why Controversies, Athirappilly, GundiaProjects: Explained (Part 4 of 4)

[EnB] Gadgil Panel report on Western Ghats: recommendations, EcologicallySensitive Zones (ESZ), WGEA (Part 3 of 4)

[EnB] Western Ghats: Threats to Biodiversity, Monoculture Plantation, ExoticSpecies, Sacred Groves (Part 2 of 4)

[EnB] Western Ghats: Physical Geography, Biodiversity Overview (Part 1 of 4)

[EnB] Bergmanns Rule, Migrantwatch, Seasonwatch, Ross Sea Marine Protected Zone, Lake Vida, Chromatophores

[EnB] Aichi Targets for Biodiversity Protection under CBD

[EnB] Convention on Biodiversity (CBD): Prologue to Cartagena, Nagoya, Aichi, COP-11

[EnB] IUCN, Red Databook, CITES Agreement : Meaning, Features, Mock Questions for CSAT

63 comments to [EnB] COP 11 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Hyderabad 2012Outcomes, Bushmeat, Empty Jungle syndrome

Reply to this comment

1 C2 C3 C4 C5 B6 C


5 of 12 21-11-2013 22:47

SKRReply to this comment

Yaar fir jeet gaye tum.agale article me sabse pehla mera comment aayega dekh lena. :D


Yahan toh it doesnt matter , aasha karta hun aap prelims mein pehle (1st) zaroor ayein :)

SKRReply to this comment

Jokes apart,thank u mrunal sir once again.this is always my favorite line.

TRAReply to this comment

Thanks Sir1C2C3C4C5B6C

HIRAReply to this comment

isnt answer to 1 is B??


1.both a & b are correct,hence c.google and cross check.

INDICAReply to this comment

Mrunal sir in the new format of page view we cannot zoom the content..little difficult to read for long hour..!!

nmrtaReply to this comment

1 b2 c3 d4 c5 b6 c????????

SagarReply to this comment

I just observed that it is the developed countries who have to pay money in all these conventions/protocols, but what profit are theygetting out of it? They can opt out of these aggrements like USA did in Kyoto protocol and CBD. What real benefit are they gettingout of it? Why cant all other member countries put pressure on USA to sign Kyoto protocal and be a member in COPs of CBD ???

DheerajReply to this comment

hello sir,just wanted to ensure if the point mentioned in the above article #5 Champions and their pledges, contribution of INDIA is 50 Millionor Billion, printed Billion, but Million seems #legit.


6 of 12 21-11-2013 22:47

Neeraj kumarReply to this comment

1-c2-c3-c4-c5-b6-c

keertiReply to this comment

Sir difference between PARTY and SIGNATORY to a convention..??

love shandilyaReply to this comment

signing = supporting d objctives of the protocol but not adhere 2 its rules n there intention 2 bcm party in near futuresignatory\party = state joinin by ratifyng\approving\accepting d protocol signed by head of state \ foreign affairs ministeraftr ratifyn protocol enter into force aftr 90 days legally bindinhope ur doubt hv cleared


isnt it that signing a convention itself makes you a signatory?? uve put signatory n party together..matlab difference kyahua..?:(


oh sorry tht was by mistakeluksigning = supporting d objctives of the protocol but not adhere 2 its rules n there intention 2 bcm party in near futureparty = state joinin by ratifyng\approving\accepting d protocol signed by head of state \ foreign affairs ministeraftr ratifyn protocol enter into force aftr 90 days legally bindinmean signin shws support n party means u hv ratified it


sign a treaty is way to become a party to it,though not unique.A country may become a party to a treaty through morethan one path. One path is to sign the treaty during the period in which the treaty is open for signature and then to ratifythe treaty. However, country may also become a party by acceding to or by accepting the treaty.

When a country becomes a signatory to a treaty, it declares its intention to make the terms of the treaty legally bindingon itself, but the act itself does not make that act binding. When a country ratifies a treaty, it makes the terms of thetreaty legally binding, once the treatys requirements for entry into force are met.

For example, the U.S. has signed the Kyoto Protocol, but not ratified it. The Kyoto Protocol is not binding on the U.S.

Members of the European Union have both signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol; when the Kyoto Protocol meets theminimum requirements for entry into force, the protocol will be binding on them. Kyoto has not yet met thoserequirements, however, so Kyoto is not legally binding on any country.

TRA**last line above is wrong.actually kyoto protocol is a legally binding treaty with caveats and criterias.


n one more thng thatby becoming party several thngs1. play imp role in decesion making2. can receive funds3. role in making rules,procedures etchope u cleared now


7 of 12 21-11-2013 22:47

keertiYupp!! thanks a lot love and TRA.. I was looking for the answer for a long time..:)

And mrunal sir i have to say this is THE BEST site ive ever come across Way better than all those Fb andwhateverTHANKYOU for this endevour of yours. Every single person benefits in some way or the other from your site..

One suggestion- Please stsrt a doubts section on your site where you can answer all the doubts and clarify themthough this comments section also works but the doubts to the much older articles stay as suchA bigTHANKYOU to you sir for ALL your articles:)

confusedReply to this comment

siri think there is a little mistakein cash assistance by developed countries shouldnt it be doubled to achieve aichi targets by 2020rather than 2015 ??

abcReply to this comment

im of d opinion that in mains we can anyhow mention gandhis schemes/awards when we hav nothing much to write. lol..thanks for d nice article.

prakkReply to this comment

A small correction on this awesome article

India pledged $50 million not $50 billion.

Point #1 is correct, point #5 has the Hyderabad pledge as $50 billion.

http://m.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/pm-pledges-50-million-for-biodiversity-conservation-as-funding-talks-collapse/article4002625.ece/

Manish_delhiReply to this comment

thanks sir..

DipReply to this comment

Dear Mrunal,Please share me the link for EnB material of NOS

princeaniketReply to this comment

@ Dip: Select the notes u want for Environmental science:NIOS

http://www.nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/Enviornmental-Science-%28333%29/english-medium.aspx

Raghu BVReply to this comment

exceptional work sir. thank u

amitReply to this comment

CCCDCC


8 of 12 21-11-2013 22:47

rajeshReply to this comment

I was waiting for this .Article from many days.. Finally we got it.. Thank you very much.. Sir..

INDICAReply to this comment

Thanks sir!!!

ranswitzerReply to this comment

1. c2. d ..here in India Biosphere reserve is 1st declared by PARLIAMENT..then apply for MAB of UNESCO, Currently their are 7MAB UNESCO sites out of total 19 biosphere reserves in our country. ??????????3. c4. c5. b6. c .its TASMAN SEA in between Australia and New Zealand not Tasmania sea.

NirvanaReply to this comment

i think there are 8 MAB UNESCO sites (Achanakmar amarkantak in mp/chhattisgarh was approved in 2012) out of total 18biosphere reserves in the country

ranswitzerReply to this comment

thanks 4 d info.

ADITYAReply to this comment

Developed countries (EU/US)

Well double (2x) the funding to help developing states to meet Aichi Biodiversity Targets, by 2015.roughly it means, developing countries will get about US $ 30 billion=~Rs. 1,50,000 crore over the next 8 years.IF US IS NOT PARTY THEN WHY IT IS COMING IN FUNDING??????????????

PradeepReply to this comment

US is a signatory to CBD. As a signatory, they can pledge finance to CBD. But they did not ratify the protocol. Because theprotocol wants technology transfer to developing countries and US think it will threaten their IPR. This is my best guess.

And Mrunal ji, #5. India pledged 50 million right?

chandra mouliReply to this comment

Excellent sir. But what is that pyongyang,south korea #CoP-12,2014?? u meant seoul,southkorea or py,northkorea??


Its pyeong CHANG in SOUTH korea..

PradeepReply to this comment

CCCBC


9 of 12 21-11-2013 22:47

Mahesh MeenaReply to this comment

i read it many times, earlier but information provided by you was nowhere

RahulReply to this comment

http://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/reserve-bank-places-restriction-on-gold-imports-by-banks/article4711326.ece One linein the article says : Nominated banks and agencies were permitted to import gold on loan basis, suppliers credit / buyers creditbasis, consignment basis as also on unfixed price basis.

Can anyone explain the meaning of these 4 ways?


why large depletion of ozone over antarctica??

UtsavReply to this comment

CFCs are well mixed globally in the troposphere and the stratosphere. The reason for occurrence of the ozone hole aboveAntarctica is not because there are more CFCs concentrated but because the low temperatures help form polar stratosphericclouds.

As winter arrives, a vortex of winds develops around the pole and isolates the polar stratosphere. Polar winters are dark,consisting of 3 months without solar radiation (sunlight). The lack of sunlight contributes to a decrease in temperature and thepolar vortex traps and chills air.

Reactions that take place on polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play an important role in enhancing ozone depletion. PSCsform more readily in the extreme cold of Antarctic stratosphere. This is why ozone holes first formed, and are deeper, overAntarctica.

The role of sunlight in ozone depletion is the reason why the Antarctic ozone depletion is greatest during spring. During winter,even though PSCs are at their most abundant, there is no light over the pole to drive chemical reactions. During the spring,however, the sun comes out, providing energy to drive photo chemical reactions and melt the polar stratospheric clouds,releasing considerable ClO, which drives the hole mechanism. The hole over Antarctica reaches to maximum in the month ofSeptember.


two reasons1.polar vortex2.absence of enough sunlight for 6 months (i.e polar nights prolonged winter)

adityaReply to this comment

i think what hes trying to say is sunlight acts catalyzes the reactions taking place in PSCs (which eventually depleteozone), i.e. more sunlightmore depletion winter on the other hand creates the right environment needed for the reaction( which occurs in summer)..

so reasons are1. Polar vortex2. Presence of sunlight in PSC areas.


thnx 2 all

RaghavReply to this comment

Reaction b/w CFC and O3 occurs faster in cold temp.Distance is also a factor as ozn layer is closer to poles.

vaishu


10 of 12 21-11-2013 22:47


Sir pls post articles for march-april science and tech

vaishuReply to this comment

Sir pls post articles for march april science and tech.

izazReply to this comment

mrunal bhai where do i get the list of endangered species..


Little correction needed..

#5: Champions and their pledgesIndian Contribution : India-> Pledged to give 50 billion USD

nice article Mrunal.. keep it up..

amolReply to this comment

@Princeaniket50 million USD is right


@ izaz : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_endangered_species_in_India

list of endangered species in india

selvakumarReply to this comment

Sir, This is very useful. and Small suggestions if u publish in pdf it will be more useful for taking print out.

deepReply to this comment

THANKS A LOT SIR I WAS WAITING FOR THIS

Virender MudgilReply to this comment

Maeks of finally recommended candidates have been published by UPSC on the website in PDF form

shazReply to this comment

sirkindly provide the answers once.

the answers are..c c c d c c

thanks in advance sir!!!

BSNL YashReply to this comment

thanks sir

NidhiReply to this comment

@mrunal sir: can u plz explain abt cartagena protocol nd nagoya protocol


11 of 12 21-11-2013 22:47

RanjithReply to this comment

He already did. Check this:http://mrunal.org/2012/11/enb-convention-on-biodiversity-cbd-prologue-to-cartagena-nagoya-aichi-cop-11.html

Suresh KumarReply to this comment

, , .. / / .

HIMReply to this comment

AAP GOOGLE TRANSLATOR KA PRYAOGKAREIN, LEKIN USKA TRANSLATION SUDH NAHIN HAI

Suresh KumarReply to this comment

, / ??

Tej BharathReply to this comment

correct answers : ccdcccam i right sir?


12 of 12 21-11-2013 22:47

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Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Hyderabad 2012 Outcomes, Bushmeat, Empty Jungle Syndrome « Mrunal