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UNEP/CMS/Inf.10.12.65
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species
of Wild Animals
FORMAT FOR NATIONAL REPORT OF PARTIES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION
OF THE CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY
SPECIES OF WILD ANIMALS
Reporting format agreed by the Standing Committee at its 32nd
Meeting (Bonn, November
2007) for mandatory use by Parties, for reports submitted to the Tenth Meeting of the
Conference of the Parties (COP10) (Norway, 2011).
The questions below combine elements of Resolution 4.1 (Party Reports) adopted by the Fourth
Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (Nairobi, June 1994) and Resolution 6.4 (Strategic Plan for
the Convention on Migratory Species 2000-2005), adopted by the Sixth Meeting of the Conference of
the Parties (Cape Town, November 1999), the COP8 Strategic Plan 2006-2011 and Resolution 8.24
adopted by the Conference of the Parties (Nairobi 2005), as well as commitments arising from other
operational Resolutions and Recommendations of the Conference of the Parties.
COP Resolution 9.4 adopted at Rome called upon the Secretariats and Parties of CMS Agreements
to collaborate in the implementation and harmonization of online reporting implementation. If the
development of an online reporting system advances sufficiently, Parties may have the option of
reporting in this manner. There are however no guarantees at this stage that this will be the case.
Parties are encouraged to respond to all questions. Parties are also requested to provide comprehensive
answers, including, where appropriate, a summary of activities, information on factors limiting action
and details of any assistance required.
This document has been designed with semi-automated text-form fields. Please double click on the
grey boxes to enter the field. You can then enter the required information. Continue to do so with each
text-field or jump to the next field directly by using the tab key. Where checkboxes are available you
might check these with a single click.
Please enter here the name of your country: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Which agency has been primarily responsible for the preparation of this report?
Saudi Wildlife Commission (SWC)
Please list any other agencies that have provided input:
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 2
I(a). General Information
Please enter the required information in the table below:
Party
Date of entry into force of the
Convention in [Saudi Arabia]
1 March 1991
Period covered June 2008 to December 2010
Territories to which the Convention
applies
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, its territories and territorial waters
DDEESSIIGGNNAATTEEDD NNAATTIIOONNAALL FFOOCCAALL PPOOIINNTT
Full name of the institution Saudi Wildlife Commission (SWC)
Name and title of designated Focal Point H.H Prince Bandar Bin Saud Bin Mohammad al Saud, Secretary General
Mailing address P.O. Box 61681 Riyadh 11575, Saudi Arabia
Telephone (+966 1) 441 8700
Fax (+966 1) 441 0797
E-mail [email protected]
AAPPPPOOIINNTTMMEENNTT TTOO TTHHEE SSCCIIEENNTTIIFFIICC CCOOUUNNCCIILL
Full name of the institution Saudi Wildlife Commission (SWC)
Name and title of contact officer Mohammed Sulayem
Mailing address P.O. Box 61681 Riyadh 11575, Saudi Arabia
Telephone (+966 1) 441 8700
Fax (+966 1) 441 0797
E-mail [email protected]
SSUUBBMMIISSSSIIOONN
Name and Signature of officer
responsible for submitting national report
Name: Ahmed Boug, National Representative to CMS
Address: The Saudi Wildlife Commission (SWC) P.O. Box 61681 Riyadh
11575, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Tel.: (+966 1) 44 18 413
Fax: (+966 1) 44 18 413
E-mail: [email protected]
Date of submission February 2011
Membership of the Standing Committee
(if applicable):
Name: Ahmed Boug, National Representative to CMS
Address: The Saudi Wildlife Commission (SWC) P.O. Box 61681 Riyadh
11575, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Tel.: (+966 1) 44 18 413
Fax: (+966 1) 44 18 413
E-mail: [email protected]
Competent Authority: Laws of Saudi Wildlife Commission (SWC)
Relevant implemented legislation: The Forest and Rangelands Act (1979)
The Hunting Law:
Royal Decree no. M/26 dated 25/5/1398 H equivalent to
2/5/1978 G
Ministerial Decision no. 457 dated 13/3/1399 H
equivalent to 10/2/1979 G
The Wild Animals and Birds Hunting Act (1999)
The Law of Fishing & Investment and Protection of Marine life
Royal Decree no. M/9 dated 27/3/1408 H equivalent to
18/11/1987 G
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 3
Ministerial Decision no. 21911 dated 27/3/1409 H
equivalent to 6/11/1988 G
Marine Scientific Research Regulation:
Ministerial Decision no. 103 dated 10/8/1413 H
equivalent to 1/2/1993 G
Royal Decree no. M/12 dated 11/8/1413 H equivalent to
2/2/1993 G
The Wildlife Protected Areas Act (1995)
The Act on Trade in Endangered Wildlife Species and their
Products (2000)
Agriculture and Veterinary Quarantine Regulations (1975)
Other relevant Conventions/ Agreements
(apart from CMS) to which Saudi Arabia
is a Party:
Convention on Biological Diversity; World Heritage; United Nations
Convention to Combat Desertification; United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change; CITES; GCC
Convention on Conservation of Wildlife and their Natural Habitats
National policy instruments (e.g. national
biodiversity conservation strategy, etc.):
National Biodiversity Strategy (approved) and National System Plan for
Protected Areas.
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 4
Please indicate whether your country is part of the following Agreements/MoU. If so, please indicate the
competent national institution
Wadden Sea Seals: Party
Signed but not yet entered force
Non-party Range State
Non Range State
National Focal Point/Competent authority
Name:
Address:
Tel:
Fax:
E-mail:
Membership of the Trilateral Seal Expert Group
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Eurobats Party
Signed but not yet entered force
Non-party Range State
Non Range State
Competent authority
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Appointed member of the Advisory Committee
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
ASCOBANS Party
Signed but not yet entered force
Non-party Range State
Non Range State
Co-ordinating authority
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Appointed member of the Advisory Committee
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Membership of other committees or working
groups:
AEWA: Party
Signed but not yet entered force
Non-party Range State
Non Range State
Administrative Authority
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Appointed member of the Technical Committee
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
ACCOBAMS Party
Signed but not yet entered force
Non-party Range State
Non Range State
National Focal Point
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Appointed member of the Scientific Committee
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Membership of committees or working groups:
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 5
ACAP Party
Signed but not yet entered force
Non-party Range State
Non Range State
Designated Authority
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
National Contact Point
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Membership of Advisory Committee Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Siberian Crane MoU: Signatory Non-signatory Range State Non Range State
Competent authority
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Slender-billed Curlew MoU: Signatory Non-signatory Range State Non Range State
Competent Authority
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Marine Turtle – Africa MoU: Signatory Non-signatory Range State Non Range State
National Contact Point Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Great Bustard MoU: Signatory Non-signatory Range State Non Range State
Competent Authority
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
National Contact Point
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Marine Turtle MoU - IOSEA: Signatory Non-signatory Range State Non Range State
Competent national authority Name: The Saudi Wildlife Commission (SWC)
Address: P.O. Box 61681 Riyadh 11575, Saudi Arabia
Tel.: (+966 1) 441 8700
Fax: (+966 1) 441 0797
E-mail: [email protected]
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 6
Bukhara Deer MoU: Signatory Non-signatory Range State Non Range State
Competent national authority Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Aquatic Warbler MoU: Signatory Non-signatory Range State Non Range State
Competent national authority
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
National Contact Point
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
African Elephant MoU: Signatory Non-signatory Range State Non Range State
Competent national authority
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
National Contact Point
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Pacific Islands Cetaceans MoU: Signatory Non-signatory Range State Non Range State
Competent national authority
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
National Contact Point
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Mediterranean Monk Seal MoU: Signatory Non-signatory Range State Non Range State
Competent national authority
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
National Contact Point
Name:
Address:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 7
1 Which other government departments are involved in activities/initiatives for the conservation of migratory species
in your country? (Please list.)
Ministry of Agriculture (MoA); Ministry of water(MoW), University of Al-Taif (consultation on migratory birds)
and the Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu (RCJY),
2 If more than one government department is involved, describe the interaction/relationship between these
government departments:
PAs managed by SWC; some NPs managed by MoA,irrigation dams (serve wintering/stop over sites) manged by
the MoW. Two coastal PAs important for migratory birds manged by RCJY close coordiination exists between
these agencies
3 Has a national liaison system or committee been established in your country? Please provide contact information
Yes No
The National Biodiversity Committee, Yousef Al-Wetaid (Coordinator), SWC
4 List the main non-governmental organizations actively involved in activities/initiatives for the conservation of
migratory species in your country, and describe their involvement:
Saudi Aramco, which has an environmental department and conducts marine studies.
4a Please provide detail on any devolved government/overseas territory authorities involved.
NA
5 Describe any involvement of the private sector in the conservation of migratory species in your country:
PERSGA, ROPME and BirdLife International would be helpful as they are involved voluntarily
6 Note any interactions between these sectors in the conservation of migratory species in your country:
Frequent interactions between above mentioned sectors.
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 8
I(b). Information about involved Authorities
Identify the ministry, agency/department or organization that is responsible for leading actions relating to Appendix I species
1 Birds Saudi Wildlife Commission
2 Marine Mammals Saudi Wildlife Commission.
3 Marine Turtles Saudi Wildlife Commission.
4 Terrestrial Mammals Saudi Wildlife Commission.
5 Bats Saudi Wildlife Commission.
6 Other Taxa Saudi Wildlife Commission.
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 9
II. Appendix I species
1. BIRDS
1.1 General questions on Appendix I bird species
1 Is the taking of all Appendix I bird species prohibited by the national implementing Yes No
legislation cited in Table I(a) (General Information)?
If other legislation is relevant, please provide details:
1a If the taking of Appendix I bird species is prohibited by law, have any exceptions Yes No
been granted to the prohibition?
If Yes, please provide details (Include the date on which the exception was notified
to the CMS Secretariat pursuant to CMS Article III(7):
2 Identify any obstacles to migration that exist in relation to Appendix I bird species:
By-catch Electrocution
Habitat destruction Wind turbines
Pollution
Other (please provide details) Illigal hunting and trade.
2a What actions are being undertaken to overcome these obstacles?
Efforts are being made to increase public awareness on these obstacles, including the need to reduce the use of
pesticides. Site specific conservation programmes would be started to minimize the threats to migratory
species.
2b Please report on the progress / success of the actions taken.
Several informational signs were placed in local animal markets, boarder villages and towns. Local markets are
monitored by rangers. Brochure,posters, films have been developed.
2c What assistance, if any, does your country require in order to overcome these obstacles?
Provision of relevant information, training and research assistance.
3 What are the major threats to Appendix I bird species (transcending mere obstacles to migration)?
Illegal trade Poaching
Other (please specify) Several congregatory bird sites faces conservation threats such as pollution by
oil, sewage effluent and rubbish and extensive land reclamation for further urbanization that threatens many
sites in the western coasts and that reduce the area of inter-tidal flats available for feeding waterbirds. Human
disturbance to birds using the area is very high. Further landfill and urbanization and harbour through the
middle of prime mudflats. Fish market nearby. Some time, sea bird eggs are collected for sale and personal
consumption. Introduced predator such as domestic cats and rats. Pollution, habitat destruction through
development. All these factors adversely affects the bird species.
3a What actions have been taken to prevent, reduce or control factors that are endangering or are likely to further
endanger bird species beyond actions to prevent disruption to migrating behaviour?
Sustainable tourism policy was adopted & Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan was developed.
3b Please report on the progress / success of the actions taken.
Integrated Coastal Zone Managemnt Plan was approved for Jizan Province in the Red Sea, which considers the
breeding habitats of Seabirds & water migratory species.
3c Describe any factors that may limit action being taken in this regard:
Some of the congregatory sites of migratory birds are not protected under the PA system and those sites are
managed by Government agencies and some are privately owned sites that makes difficult to enforce wildlife
conservation laws to protect sites, birds and other biodiversity.
3d What assistance, if any, does your country require to overcome these factors?
Provision of training and information. More collaborative conservation programmes should be initiated
involving private and other agencies to make common minimum research and conservation programmes.
Develop awareness. Develop awareness programmes on conservation of migratory species through sustainable
use.
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 10
1.2 Questions on specific Appendix I bird species
In the following section, using the table format below, please fill in each Appendix I bird species for which
your country is considered to be a Range State. Please complete each table as appropriate, providing
information in summary form. Where appropriate, please cross-reference to information already
provided in national reports that have been submitted under other conventions (e.g. Convention on
Biological Diversity, Ramsar Convention, CITES). (Attach annexes as necessary.)
Species Aquila clanga – Common Name(s) Greater Spotted Eagle
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
Jennings, M. C. 1982: The birds of Saudi Arabia, Check-list, Jennings. Cambridge.
Stagg, A. 1987: Birds of Riyadh Region. NCWCD. Riyadh.
Bundy, G., Connor, R. J. and Harrison, C. J. 1989: Birds of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. H. F. & G.
Witherby Ltd in association with ARAMCO.
Rahmani, A. Shobrak, M, and Newton, S. 1994. Birds of the Tihamah coastal plane of Saudi Arabia. OSME Bull.
32: 1-19.
Porter, R. F., Christensen, S., & Schiermacker-Hansen, P. 1996. Birds of the Middle East. London,
Meyburg, B-U, Meyburg, C. and Mizera, T. 2000. Migration strategies of greater spotted eagles Aquila clanga
tracked by satellite. Raptor at Risk. Ed. Chancellor, R. D. & B. –U. Meyburg eds. WWGBO/Hanccock house.
Shobrak, M. 2000. The role of avian scavengers in locating and exploiting carcasses in central Saudi Arabia.
Raptor at Risk. Ed. Chancellor, R. D. & B. –U. Meyburg eds. WWGBO/Hanccock house. 213-224.
BirdLife International. 2001. Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book. Cambridge.
Islam, M. Z. 2007. Globally threatened species in the Middle East: Is it really necessary to prevent their extinction?
Pp. 225-270. NWRC Annual report, Taif.
BirdLife International. 2010. Species factsheet: Aquila clanga.
Islam, M. Z. 2010. Birds of Mahazat as-Sayd Protected Area and NWRC. NWRC, Taif, KSA.
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
Passage or wintering birds occur in small numbers over a vast area in the Arabian Peninsula. Numbers appear to
have declined of its range. However, long-term trends are difficult to assess as no proper monitoring has been taken
place.
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
Since no specific monitoring programme is in place, it is difficult to provide population trend but the distribution in
its range has been decling as result of key threats like disturbance, habitat destruction and also suitable habitat
mosaics have been lost as a result of wetland drainage.
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 11
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring Researchers from NWRC have been monitoring this
bird in Mahzat as-Sayd Protected Area and at NWRC enclosures.
Education/awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
Lack of monitoring programmes and funding
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
There is no future plan as such for this species but Species Action Plan could be developed for the GCC at least.
Project could be developed to carryout surveys to check range and population, long-term monitoring schemes could
be developed to improve understanding of population trends. Globally threatened Species Working Group could
be established. However, a comprehensive study of the migration and wintering behaviour using satellite telemetry
could be used that might yield many surprising results.
Species Aquila heliaca – Common Name(s) Eastern Imperial Eagle
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
Jennings, M. C. 1982. The birds of Saudi Arabia, Check-list, Jennings. Cambridge.
Bundy, G., Connor, R. J. and Harrison, C. J. 1989. Birds of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. H. F. & G.
Witherby Ltd in association with ARAMCO.
Rahmani, A. Shobrak, M, and Newton, S. 1994. Birds of the Tihamah coastal plane of Saudi Arabia. OSME Bull.
32: 1-19.
Porter, R. F., Christensen, S., & Schiermacker-Hansen, P.1996. Birds of the Middle East. London,
International Action Plan for the Imperial Eagle. 1996. BirdLife International and European Commission.
Meyburg, B-U, Patrick, P. and Meyburg, C. 2000. Migration strategies of 15 steppe eagle Aguila nipalensis tracked
by satellite.
BirdLife International. 2001. Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book. Cambridge.
Paillat, P. 2003. Raptors migration in Saudi Arabia. Annual Report. Pp.167-168. (Satellite telemetry was attached
on male Imperial Eagle to study migration with Raptor Research Group).
Islam, M. Z. 2007. Globally threatened species in the Middle East: Is it really necessary to prevent their extinction?
Pp. 225-270. NWRC Annual report, Taif.
Islam, M. Z. 2010. Birds of Mahazat as-Sayd Protected Area and NWRC. NWRC, Taif, KSA.
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
Wintering bird occurs in small numbers over a vast area in the country. Number appears to have declined of its
range. However, long-term trends and population sizes are difficult to assess as no proper monitoring system is in
place.
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 12
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research In 2003 a male Imperial Eagle was captured in
western-central Saudi Arabia in winter and fitted with the Satellite transmiter to study the migration and habitat
use.
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring Monitoring of birds at Mahazat as-Sayd Protected
and at NWRC in western-centeral Saudi Arabia is in place since last two years, but no specific project on Imperial
Eagle has been done after 2003 but the species is recorded in Mahazat in 2009 by M. Z. Islam
Education/awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
Actions taken
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
Seek national and international support to assess the status of the Imperial Eagle and to start a monitoring
programme. Evaluate the status and condition of IBAs where Imperial Eagle and other raptors are regularly seen.
Raise awareness amongst decision makers in the region on the importance of Imperial Eagles and other birds of
prey. Promote strengthening of existing legislation for the protection of rare birds. Need to develop regional
cooperation on Raptors.
Species Falco naumanni – Common Name(s) Lesser Kestrel
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
Jennings, M. C. 1982. The birds of Saudi Arabia, Check-list, Jennings. Cambridge.
Bundy, G., Connor, R. J. and Harrison, C. J. 1989. Birds of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. H. F. & G.
Witherby Ltd in association with ARAMCO.
Porter, R. F., Christensen, S., & Schiermacker-Hansen, P. 1996. Birds of the Middle East. London,
Rahmani, A. Shobrak, M, and Newton, S. 1994: Birds of the Tihamah coastal plane of Saudi Arabia. OSME Bull.
32: 1-19.
BirdLife International. 2001. Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book. Cambridge.
Islam, M. Z. 2007. Globally threatened species in the Middle East: Is it really necessary to prevent their extinction?
Pp. 225-270. NWRC Annual report, Taif.
Islam, M. Z. 2010. Birds of Mahazat as-Sayd Protected Area and NWRC. NWRC, Taif, KSA.
BirdLife International. 2010. Species factsheet: Falco naumanni.
Jennings, M. C. 2010. Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Arabia. Fauna of Arabian Peninsula No. 25. Pp10.
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
Passage Migrants almost in all part of Saudi Arabia (Bundy et al. 1989; Rahmani et al. 1994; Stagg 1987), It is also
recorded in Mahazat as-Sayd PA and at NWRC (Islam et al. 2010).
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 13
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring Monitoring of birds in Mahazat as-Sayd Protected
and at NWRC in western-centeral Saudi Arabia is in place since last two years, but no specific project on Lesser
Kestrel.
Education/awareness rising
Species protection The species is protected under the Law.
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
Lack of intensive monitoring programmes and funding for this species.
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
Surveys of wintering areas should be undertaken to get a better picture of population status and to identify
important sites or IBAs, where this bird has been recorded. In Saudi Arabia the only possible method is to carry out
surveys in pilot areas and then extrapolate to the remainder of the suitable habitat. A standard methodology for
Lesser Kestrel surveys should be developed and published.
Miscellaneous information or comments on Appendix I birds in general:
Species name Geronticus eremita – Common Name(s) Northern Bald Ibis, Waldrapp, Hermit Ibis (Passage
Migrants)
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
BirdLife International. 2004. Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edition and
BirdLife International .
Serra, G. and L. Peske. 2006. Coordinating protection efforts of breeding N. Bald Ibises Geronticus eremite in
Palmyra (Syria) and trapping / Satellite tagging 3 individuals – Internal report, BirdLife International & Royal
Society for the Protection of Birds. Sand. Cambridge. Serra, G., L. Peske, and M. Wondafrash. 2007. Preliminary
survey of Middle Eastern N. Bald Ibises at their recently discovered wintering grounds in Ethiopian highlands.
Internal report, BirdLife International & Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. Sandy. Cambridge.
Jennings, M. C. 2010. The Atlas of breeding birds of Saudi Arabia. Fauna and Flora of Arabia.
Islam, M. Z. Serra, G. and Boug, A. 2010. Northern Bald Ibis in Saudi Arabia: Last step for its survival. Wildlife
Middle East (5): 7.
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
12 records of NBI reported between 1990-2010 talling 35 near NWRC & in 2010 two NBI recorded 40km from
NWRC and several records near Jizan, Abha, Madinah and Tabuk (all Sat transmitted). The species is protected
under the Law in Saudi Arabia.
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
The tagged birds were stopped near Taif, Abha, Jizan in 2009-10. There might be more birds migrating through
Saudi Arabia but no information is available. Passage Migrants
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 14
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research Collaboration between SWC and Syrian agency on
Northern Bald Ibis is agreed.
Identification and establishment of protected areas Extend the National Wildlife Research Center
Monitoring Several surveys were carried from 2007-2010 for
satellite tacked birds in collaboration with BirdLife International' Middle East office.
Education/awareness rising In 2010 articles in Wildlife Middle East published in
English and Arabic by Islam et a. Early 1993 & 1994 (A film was produced)
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
Actions have been taken
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
Monitoring during migration in collaboration with BirdLife International, Middle East Office. Need to conduct
research into feeding biology, and habitat requirements in Saudi Arabia in collaboration with BirdLife
International..
Species Aythya nyroca – Common Name(s) Ferruginous Pochard, Ferruginous Duck
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
Green, 1984. The avifauna of the Al Jawf region, northwest Saudi Arabia, Sandgrouse 6, 48-58.
Stagg, A. 1987: Birds of the Riyadh Region. NCWCD, Riyadh.
Bundy, G., Connor, R. J. and Harrison, C. J. 1989. Birds of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. H. F. & G.
Witherby Ltd in association with ARAMCO.
Rahmani, A. Shobrak, M, and Newton, S. 1994: Birds of the Tihamah coastal plane of Saudi Arabia. OSME Bull.
32: 1-19.
Evans, M. I. 1994. Important Bird Areas in the Middle East. Cambridge, U.K.: BirdLife International (BirdLife
Conservation Series no. 2).
Jennings, M. 1995. An Interim Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Arabia. Riyadh: NCWCD, 1995.
BirdLife International. 2001. Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book. Cambridge.
Lepage, D. 2008. Checklist of Birds of Saudi Arabia, Avibase, the World Bird Database– http://www.bsc-
eoc.org/avibase/checklist.jsp?lang=EN®ion=sa&list=clements
BirdLife International (2010) Species factsheet: Aythya nyroca.
International Action Plan.
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
Passage Migrant in the central, Eastern and Coastal plain of the Western wetlands of Saudi Arabia (Stagg 1987,
Bundy et al. 1989; Rahmani et al. 1989). Opportunistic breeder in the Eastern Province wetlands (Bundy et al.
1989; Jennings 1995)
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 15
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring
Education/awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
No specific project is developed for this species.
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
Identify more IBAs and Monitoring should be continued.
Species name Oxyura leucocephala – Common Name(s) White-headed Duck
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
Green, 1984. The avifauna of the Al Jawf region, northwest Saudi Arabia, Sandgrouse 6, 48-58.
Evens, M. 1994. Important Bird Areas in the Middle East. Cambridge: BirdLife International, BirdLife
Conservation series No. 2.
Porter, R. F., Christensen, S., & Schiermacker-Hansen, P. 1996. Birds of the Middle East. London,
BirdLife International. 2001. Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book. Cambridge.
Wikipedia. 2007. List of Birds of Saudi Arabia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/list_of_birds_of_Saudi_Arabia
Lepage, D. 2008. Checklist of Birds of Saudi Arabia, Avibase, the World Bird Database– http://www.bsc-
eoc.org/avibase/checklist.jsp?lang=EN®ion=sa&list=clements
BirdLife International. 2010. Species factsheet: Oxyura leucocephala
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
Only one record from a wetland located in the North Central of Saudi Arabia in 1983 (Green 1984)
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 16
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring
Education/awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
No specific project is developed for this speices.
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
Need to collaborate with the White-headed Duck specialist group and Monitoring IBAs.
Species name Marmaronetta angustirostris – Common Name(s) Marbled Teal
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
Green, 1984. The avifauna of the Al Jawf region, northwest Saudi Arabia, Sandgrouse 6, 48-58.
Stagg, A. 1987. Birds of the Riyadh Region. NCWCD, Riyadh.
Bundy, G., Connor, R. J. and Harrison, C. J. 1989. Birds of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. H. F. & G.
Witherby Ltd in association with ARAMCO.
Rahmani, A. Shobrak, M, and Newton, S. 1994. Birds of the Tihamah coastal plane of Saudi Arabia. OSME Bull.
32: 1-19.
Evens, M. 1994. Important Bird Areas in the Middle East. Cambridge: BirdLife International, BirdLife
Conservation series No. 2.
BirdLife International. 2001. Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book. Cambridge.
Lepage, D. 2008. Checklist of Birds of Saudi Arabia, Avibase, the World Bird Database– http://www.bsc-
eoc.org/avibase/checklist.jsp?lang=EN®ion=sa&list=clements
BirdLife International. 2010. Species factsheet: Marmaronetta angustirostris
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
Passage migrants to wetlands in the central, Eastern, South west of Saudi Arabia (Bundy et al. 1989, Stagg 1987;
Rahmani et al. 1994).
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 17
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring
Education/awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other It is a rare bird and no specific project is done
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
Population is negligible in Saudi Arabia.
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
Monitoring IBAs , concentrate monitoring on those sites where it was recorded before and find more sites through
field surveys. This bird is adapted to temporary wetlands, favouring brackish waters rich in emergent vegetation,
these sort of sites needs to be covered to know the status.
Species Pelicans crispus – Common Name(s) Dalmatian Pelican
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
BirdLife International. 2001. Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book. Cambridge.
Lepage, D. 2008. Checklist of Birds of Saudi Arabia, Avibase, the World Bird Database– http://www.bsc-
eoc.org/avibase/checklist.jsp?lang=EN®ion=sa&list=clements
BirdLife International. 2010. Species factsheet: Pelicans crispus
Species International Action Plan by the BirdLife International.
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 18
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring
Education/awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
No specific project developed for this species.
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
This bird occurs mainly at inland, freshwater wetlands but also at coastal lagoons, it is important to look the birds
there.
Species Pelecanus onocrotalus – Common Name(s) White Pelican
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
Stagg, A. 1987. Birds of the Riyadh Region. NCWCD, Riyadh.
Bundy, G., Connor, R. J. and Harrison, C. J. 1989. Birds of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. H. F. & G.
Witherby Ltd in association with ARAMCO.
Evens, M. 1994. Important Bird Areas in the Middle East. Cambridge: BirdLife International, BirdLife
Conservation series No. 2.
BirdLife International 2001. Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book. Cambridge.
Lepage, D. 2008. Checklist of Birds of Saudi Arabia, Avibase, the Would Bird Database– http://www.bsc-
eoc.org/avibase/checklist.jsp?lang=EN®ion=sa&list=clements
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
Rare Migrants in the central and Eastern wetlands (Stagg, 1987; Bundy et al. 1989)
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 19
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring
Education/awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
No specific project is developed for this species.
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
This bird occurs mainly at inland, freshwater wetlands but also at coastal lagoons, it is important to monitor the
birds there and continue monitoring of IBAs where this species is recorded.
Species name Ciconia boyciana– Common Name(s) Oriental White Stork
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
BirdLife International. 2001. Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book. Cambridge.
Wikipedia. 2007. List of Birds of Saudi Arabia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/list_of_birds_of_Saudi_Arabia
Lepage, D. 2008. Checklist of Birds of Saudi Arabia, Avibase, the Would Bird Database– http://www.bsc-
eoc.org/avibase/checklist.jsp?lang=EN®ion=sa&list=clements
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
Vagrant
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring
Education/awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 20
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
Identify more sites based on global criteria for bird conservation and monitoring IBAs.
Species Numenius tenuirostris – Common Name(s) Slender-billed Curlew
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
BirdLife International. 2001. Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book. Cambridge.
Lepage, D. 2008. Checklist of Birds of Saudi Arabia, Avibase, the Would Bird Database– http://www.bsc-
eoc.org/avibase/checklist.jsp?lang=EN®ion=sa&list=clements
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
vagrant
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring
Education/awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
No specific project is developed for this species.
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
Monitoring IBAs and a surveys might be carried out in 2011-12 in the western part of Saudi Arabia.
Species Larus leucophthalmus – Common Name(s) White-eyed Gull
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
Jennings, M. C. 1982. The birds of Saudi Arabia, Check-list, Jennings. Cambridge.
Rahmani, A. Shobrak, M, and Newton, S. 1994. Birds of the Tihamah coastal plane of Saudi Arabia. OSME Bull.
32: 1-19.
Jennings, M. C. 1995. An Interim Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Arabia. Riyadh: NCWCD.
Porter, R. F., Christensen, S., & Schiermacker-Hansen, P. 1996. Birds of the Middle East. London,
Shobrak, M., Al Suhaibani, A. and Newton, S. 2002. Breeding Seabirds in the Saudi Arabia' Red Sea. PERSGA.
PERSGA 2003. Status of the breeding Seabirds in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden
Islam, M. Z. 2007. Globally threatened species in the Middle East: Is it really necessary to prevent their extinction?
Pp. 225-270. NWRC Annual report, Taif.
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 21
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring
Education/awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
Training course was organized at Farasan in 2009 for seabird monitoring.
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
Research on ecology and biology of this bird might be a good project to initiate.
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 22
2. MARINE MAMMALS
2.1 General questions on Appendix I marine mammals
1 Is the taking of all Appendix I marine mammals prohibited by the national Yes No
implementing legislation cited in Table I(a) (General Information)?
If other legislation is relevant, please provide details:
1a If the taking of Appendix I marine mammals is prohibited by law, have any exceptions Yes No
been granted to the prohibition?
If Yes, please provide details (Include the date on which the exception was notified
to the CMS Secretariat pursuant to CMS Article III(7)):
2 Identify any obstacles to migration that exist in relation to Appendix I marine mammals:
By-catch Collision with fishing traffic
Pollution Illegal hunting
Other threats to migration (please provide details)
2a
What actions are being undertaken to overcome these obstacles?
Public awareness programmes initiated.
2b Please report on the progress / success of the actions taken.
2c What assistance, if any, does your country require in order to overcome these obstacles?
Assistance in research is required to train new field researchers.
3 What are the major pressures on Appendix I marine mammal species (transcending mere obstacles to migration)?
Pollution By-catch
Other (please specify)
3a What actions have been taken to prevent, reduce or control factors that are endangering or are likely to further
endanger species of marine mammal beyond actions to prevent disruption to migrating behaviour?
The hunting law is enforced; in addition, the number of marine protected areas will be increased.
3b Please report on the progress / success of the actions taken.
3c Describe any factors that may limit action being taken in this regard:
3d What assistance, if any, does your country require to overcome these factors?
There is a shortage of marine experts; however, SWC is addressing this issue.
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 23
2.2 Questions on specific Appendix I marine mammals
In the following section, using the table format below, please fill in each Appendix I marine mammal
species for which your country is considered to be a Range State. Please complete each table as
appropriate, providing information in summary form. Where appropriate, please cross-reference to
information already provided in national reports that have been submitted under other conventions (e.g.
Convention on Biological Diversity, Ramsar Convention, CITES). (Attach annexes as necessary.)
Balaenoptera musculus – Common Name(s) Blue Whale
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring
Education / awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
Balaenoptera physalus– Common Name(s) Fin Whale
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 24
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring
Education / awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
Developing a project to estimate its population size and to study population distribution would be interesting.
Megaptera novaeangliae– Common Name(s) Humpback Whale
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring
Education / awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
Developing a project to estimate its population size and to study population distribution would be interesting.
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 25
Delphinus delphis– Common Name(s) Common Dolphin?
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring
Education / awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
Developing a project to estimate its population size and to study population distribution would be interesting.
Miscellaneous information or comments on Appendix I marine mammals in general:
Further detailed research studies on marine mammals might be conducted. Environmental awareness and educational
progammes, for all groups, might also be developed.
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 26
3 MARINE TURTLES
3.1 General questions on Appendix I marine turtles
1 Is the taking of all Appendix I marine turtles prohibited by the national implementing Yes No
legislation cited in Table I(a) (General Information)?
If other legislation is relevant, please provide details:
1a If the taking of Appendix I marine turtles is prohibited by law, have any exceptions Yes No
been granted to the prohibition?
If Yes, please provide details (Include the date on which the exception was notified
to the CMS Secretariat pursuant to CMS Article III(7)):
2 Identify any obstacles to migration that exist in relation to Appendix I marine turtles:
By-catch Pollution
Other threats to migration (please provide details)
2a What actions are being undertaken to overcome these obstacles?
Public awareness particularly fishermen as well as patrolling staff regarding the use of specific nets that allow
escape of by-catched turtles. Regional Cooperation through PERSGA is enhaned, including habitat survey.
Nationaly,turtles are tagged
2b Please report on the progress / success of the actions taken.
Green Turtle taged with Satellite transmitter to find out migration route.
2c What assistance, if any, does your country require in order to overcome these obstacles?
Information support is needed.
3 What are the major pressures on Appendix I marine turtles (transcending mere obstacles to migration)?
Collection of eggs Predation of eggs
Destruction of nesting beaches
Other (please specify)
3a What actions have been taken to prevent, reduce or control factors that are endangering or are likely to further
endanger species of marine turtles beyond actions to prevent disruption to migrating behaviour?
Taking of turtles eggs is banned by the Law. The nesting areas are protected during nesting season.
3b Please report on the progress / success of the actions taken.
Migration route now known from norther part of Saudi to Eriteria of Green Turtle.
3c Describe any factors that may limit action being taken in this regard:
Lack of adequate experts
3d What assistance, if any, does your country require to overcome these factors?
Training is required.
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 27
3.2 Questions on specific Appendix I marine turtles
In the following section, using the table format below, please fill in each Appendix I marine turtle species
for which your country is considered to be a Range State. Please complete each table as appropriate,
providing information in summary form. Where appropriate, please cross-reference to information
already provided in national reports that have been submitted under other conventions (e.g. Convention
on Biological Diversity, Ramsar Convention, CITES). (Attach annexes as necessary.)
Chelonia mydas– Common Name(s) Green Turtle
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research Green Turtle was taged in 2008 in north of Yanbu
in the northwest of KSA and finally reached to Iriteria via Sudan January 2009. We need more PTT studies to
find out migration routes of other species.
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring more intensive monitoring programmes are needed
through the PTTs.
Education / awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
Al Wajh and Farasan during 2006, 2008 cooperated with the Khalid al Sultan Foundation.
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
Some nesting areas in the Red Sea (inside Farasan Marine Protected Area) were recommended as biological
reserves.
Caretta caretta– Common Name(s) Loggerhead Turtle
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 28
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring
Education / awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
NA
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
Long-term monitoring is planned using satellite transmitters!
Eretmochelys imbricata– Common Name(s) Hawksbill Turtle
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring
Education / awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
NA
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 29
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
Some nesting areas in the Red Sea (inside Farasan Marine Protected Area) were recommended as biological
reserves.
Lepidochelys olivacea– Common Name(s) RidleyTurtle, Olive RidleyTurtle
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring
Education / awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
NA
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
More turtle sites will be included in PA network after the assessment.
Dermochelys coriacea– Common Name(s) Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 30
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring
Education / awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
NA
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
More turtle sites will be included in PA network after the assessements.
Miscellaneous information or comments on Appendix I marine turtles in general:
Biological studies on marine turtles werel used. Satellites were used to study the migration patterns of marine turtles.
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 31
4 TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS (OTHER THAN BATS)
4.1 General questions on Appendix I terrestrial mammals (other than bats)
1 Is the taking of all Appendix I terrestrial mammals (other than bats) prohibited by Yes No
the national implementing legislation cited in Table I(a) (General Information)?
If other legislation is relevant, please provide details: Saudi Arabia is not a Range State for the terrestrial
mammals (other than bats) listed in Appendix I
1a If the taking of Appendix I terrestrial mammals (other than bats) is prohibited by Yes No
law, have any exceptions been granted to the prohibition?
If Yes, please provide details (Include the date on which the exception was notified
to the CMS Secretariat pursuant to CMS Article III(7)):
2 Identify any obstacles to migration that exist in relation to Appendix I terrestrial mammals (other than bats):
Lack of information By-catch
Habitat fragmentation Electrocution
Wind turbines Poaching
Insufficient legislation Lack of trans-boundary management
Poor communication amongst Range States Man-made barriers
Climate change and drought
Other threats to migration (please provide details)
2a What actions are being undertaken to overcome these obstacles?
2b Please report on the progress / success of the actions taken.
2c What assistance, if any, does your country require in order to overcome these obstacles?
3 What are the major threats to Appendix I terrestrial mammals (transcending mere obstacles to migration)?
Lack of information Habitat fragmentation
Poaching Insufficient legislation
Illegal trade Other (please specify)
3a What actions have been taken to prevent, reduce or control factors that are endangering or are likely to further
endanger species of terrestrial mammal (other than bats) beyond actions to prevent disruption to migrating
behaviour?
3b Please report on the progress / success of the actions taken.
3c Describe any factors which limit action being taken in this regard:
3d What assistance/measures, if any, does your country require to overcome these factors?
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 32
4.2 Questions on specific Appendix I terrestrial mammals (other than bats)
In the following section, using the table format below, please fill in each Appendix I terrestrial mammal
species (other than bats) for which your country is considered to be a Range State. Please complete each
table as appropriate, providing information in summary form. Where appropriate, please cross-
reference to information already provided in national reports that have been submitted under other
conventions (e.g. Convention on Biological Diversity, Ramsar Convention, CITES). (Attach annexes as
necessary.)
Oryx leucoryx (Pallas, 1777)– Common Name(s) Arabian Oryx
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
Full list of published records are attaches separately at the end of the document
Frolich, K., Hamblin, C., Jung, S., Ostrowski, S., Mwanzia, J., Streich, W.J., Anderson, J., Armstrong, R.M., Anajariyah, S. (2005). Serologic surveillance for selected viral agents in captive and free-ranging populations of Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Wildlife Disease, 41(1), 67-79.
Strauss, W. W. A., S. (2007). The Arabian oryx re-introduction program in Saudi Arabia. Re-introduction NEWS(No. 26), 3.
Shobrak, M. (2007). Evaluation of the Arabian oryx re-introduction programs in the range stages: lessons to learn. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 14(2), 14.
Shobrak, M. (2007). Evaluation of the Arabian oryx re-introduction programs in the range stages: lessons to learn. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 14(2), 14.
Teller, M. (2009). RX for Oryx. Saudi Aramco World, 60(5).
Hethem, R. S. (2009). Adapting to climate change: the effect of desertification on the physiology of free-living ungulates. Unpublished PhD, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
Arif, I. A., Khan, H.A., Bahkali, A.H., Al Homaidan, A.A., Al Farhan, A.H., Shobrak, M., Al Sadoon, M. (2009). Comparison of neighbour-joining and maximum-parsimony methods for molecular phylogeny of oryx species using 12SrRNA and 16SrRNA gene sequences. Animal Biology Journal, 1(2), 9.
Islam, M. Z., Knutson, C., Boug, A. (2010). Strategy and Action Plan to Reduce the Risk of Mass Mortalities of Reintroduced ungulates in the Mahazat as-Sayd Protected Area in Saudi Arabia. Gnusletter - IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group, 28(Number 2): 7-15.
Islam, M. Z., Ismael, K., Boug, A. (2010). Catastrophic die-off of globally threatened Arabian oryx and Sand gazelle in the fenced protected area of the arid central Saudi Arabia. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 2(2), 677-684.
Ismail, K., Kamal, K., Plath, & Wronski, T. (2011). Effect of an exceptional drought on daily activity patterns, reproductive behaviour, and reproductive success of reintroduced Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx). Journal of Arid Environments, 75 (2), 125-131.
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 33
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research Research on reintroduction site (Mahazat as-Sady
Protected Area) and in the Rub al Khali (Uruq Bani Maarid Protected Area) in the Empty Quarter carried out.
Identification and establishment of protected areas Mahazat as-Sayd and Uruq Bani Maarid protected
areas are established.
Monitoring Intensive monitoring programs in place.
Education / awareness rising SWC organizes public awareness programs for
Oryx and other species.
Species protection It is highly protected under the law.
Control hunting / poaching It is protected. Very few incidents of hunting occurs
in Uruq Bani Maarid protected areas.
Species restoration The species is restored through the re-introduction
programmes.
Habitat protection Two major habitats are restored and declared as
protected areas mentioned above.
Habitat restoration
Other Regional and national strategy plans are done to
restore the species and its habitat.
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
Research and monitoring programs are in place.
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species?
Long-term monitoring of Arabian oryx in Mahazat as-Sayd and Uruq Bani Maarid protected areas.
Miscellaneous information or comments on Appendix I terrestrial mammals (other than bats) in general:
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 34
5. BATS
5.1 General questions on Appendix I bats
1 Is the taking of all Appendix I bats prohibited by the national implementing Yes No
legislation cited in Table I(a) (General Information)?
If other legislation is relevant, please provide details: Saudi Arabia is not a Range State for Appendix I bats
1a If the taking of Appendix I bats is prohibited by law, have any exceptions Yes No
been granted to the prohibition?
If Yes, please provide details (Include the date on which the exception was
notified to the CMS Secretariat pursuant to CMS Article III(7)):
2 Identify any obstacles to migration that exist in relation to Appendix I bats:
Vandalism of bat caves
Other threats to migration (please provide details)
2a What actions are being undertaken to overcome these obstacles?
2b Please report on the progress / success of the actions taken.
2c What assistance, if any, does your country require in order to overcome these obstacles?
3 What are the major threats to Appendix I bats (transcending mere obstacles to migration)?
Pollution Habitat fragmentation and loss
Other (please specify)
3a What actions have been taken to prevent, reduce or control factors that are endangering or are likely to further
endanger species of bats beyond actions to prevent disruption to migrating behaviour?
3b Please report on the progress / success of the actions taken.
3c Describe any factors that may limit action being taken in this regard:
3d What assistance/measures, if any, does your country require to overcome these factors?
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 35
5.2 Questions on specific Appendix I bat species
In the following section, using the table format below, please fill in each Appendix I bat species for which
your country is considered to be a Range State. Please complete each table as appropriate, providing
information in summary form. Where appropriate, please cross-reference to information already
provided in national reports that have been submitted under other conventions (e.g. Convention on
Biological Diversity, Ramsar Convention, CITES). (Attach annexes as necessary.)
Species name – Common Name(s)
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2c Summarise information on trends (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2c Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring
Education / awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
Miscellaneous information or comments on Appendix I terrestrial mammals (other than bats) in general:
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 36
6. OTHER TAXA
6.1 General questions on Appendix I species belonging to other taxa
1 Identify the Ministry, agency/department, or organisation responsible for leading actions relating to Appendix I
listed species belonging to taxa not included in sections 1-5 above:
SWC in cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture
2 Is the taking of all Appendix I species belonging to taxa not included in Yes No
sections 1-5 above, prohibited by the national legislation listed as being
implementing legislation in Table I(a) (General Information)?
If other legislation is relevant, please provide details:
2a If the taking of Appendix I species belonging to taxa not included in Yes No
sections 1-5 above is prohibited by law, have any exceptions been
granted to the prohibition?
If Yes, please provide details (Include the date on which the exception was
notified to the CMS Secretariat pursuant to CMS Article III(7)):
3 Identify any obstacles to migration that exist in relation to Appendix I species belonging to taxa not included in
sections 1-5 above:
Lack of legislation
Other threats to migration (please provide details) No significant obstacle is observed but information on the
migrating behaviour is insufficient.
3a What actions are being undertaken to overcome these obstacles?
3b Please report on the progress / success of the actions taken.
3c What assistance, if any, does your country require in order to overcome these obstacles?
technical assisstance on migratory species, particularly joint studies with range states is needed
4 What are the major threats to Appendix I species belonging to taxa not included in sections 1-5 above
(transcending mere obstacles to migration)?
Other (please specify) Poaching, habitat loss and habitat alteration.
4a What actions have been taken to prevent, reduce or control factors that are endangering or are likely to further
endanger species belonging to taxa not included in section 1-5 above beyond actions to prevent disruption to
migrating behaviour?
Ban on taking is enforced
4b Please report on the progress / success of the actions taken.
some progress is observed
4c Describe any factors that may limit action being taken in this regard:
4d What assistance, if any, does your country require to overcome these factors?
same as 3c above
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 37
6.2 Questions on specific Appendix I species belonging to other taxa
In the following section, using the table format below, please fill in each Appendix I species belonging to
taxa not included in sections 1-5 above, for which your country is considered to be a Range State.
Please complete each table as appropriate, providing information in summary form. Where
appropriate, please cross-reference to information already provided in national reports that have been
submitted under other conventions (e.g. Convention on Biological Diversity, Ramsar Convention,
CITES). (Attach annexes as necessary.)
Carcharodon carcharias – Common Name(s)
1 Please provide published distribution reference:
2a Summarise information on population size (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
2b Summarise information on distribution (if known):
increasing decreasing stable not known unclear
3 Indicate (with an ‘X’) and briefly describe any activities that have been carried out in favour of this species in the
reporting period. (Please provide the title of the project and contact details, where available):
Research
Identification and establishment of protected areas
Monitoring
Education / awareness rising
Species protection
Control hunting / poaching
Species restoration
Habitat protection
Habitat restoration
Other
4 If no activities have been carried out for this species in the reporting period, what has prevented such action being
taken?
5 Describe any future activities that are planned for this species:
Miscellaneous information or comments on Appendix I bats in general:
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 38
7 LISTING OF OTHER ENDANGERED MIGRATORY SPECIES IN APPENDIX I
1 Is your country a Range State for any other endangered migratory species1
Yes No
not currently listed in Appendix I?
If Yes, please provide details:
N.B.: States in which a species occurs as a vagrant (i.e. not "on its normal migration route") should not be treated
as Range States. Please refer to Article 1 of the Convention for clarification.
1a Is your country taking any steps to propose listing any of these species? Yes No
If Yes, please provide details:
1b What assistance/measures, if any, does your country require to initiate the listing of these species?
1 according to the latest IUCN red data list
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 39
III. Appendix II Species
1. INFORMATION ON APPENDIX II SPECIES
Information pertaining to the conservation of Appendix II species that are the object of CMS
Agreements will have been provided in periodic Party reports to those instruments. It will suffice
therefore to reference (below), and preferably append, a copy of the latest report that has been
submitted to the Secretariat of each of the Agreement/MoUs to which your country is a Party.
WADDEN SEA SEALS (1991)
Date of last report: Period covered:
SIBERIAN CRANE MoU (1993/1999)
Date of last report: Period covered:
EUROBATS (1994)
Date of last report: Period covered:
ASCOBANS (1994)
Date of last report: Period covered:
SLENDER-BILLED CURLEW MoU (1994)
Date of last report: Period covered:
MARINE TURTLES – AFRICA MoU (1999)
Date of last report: Period covered:
AEWA (1999)
Date of last report: Period covered:
ACCOBAMS (2001)
Date of last report: Period covered:
GREAT BUSTARD MoU (2001)
Date of last report: Period covered:
MARINE TURTLES – INDIAN OCEAN / SOUTHEAST ASIA MoU (2001)
Date of last report: Period covered:
ALBATROSSES AND PETRELS (2001)
Date of last report: Period covered:
BUKHARA DEER MoU (2002)
Date of last report: Period covered:
AQUATIC WARBLER MoU (2003)
Date of last report: Period covered:
AFRICAN ELEPHANT MoU (2005)
Date of last report: Period covered:
PACIFIC ISLANDS CETACEANS (2006)
Date of last report: Period covered:
MEDITERRANEAN MONK SEAL (2007)
Date of last report: Period covered:
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 40
2. QUESTIONS ON CMS AGREEMENTS
2.1 Questions on the development of new CMS Agreements relating to birds
1 In the current reporting period, has your country initiated the development of any Yes No
new CMS Agreements, including Memoranda of Understanding, to address the
conservation needs of Appendix II bird species?
If Yes, what is the current state of development?
An english draft (8th revision) of the agreement was circulated to the range states. An arabic version was
drafted. Coordination with CMS secretariat is going on for finalization of the agreement
2 In the current reporting period, has your country participated in the development Yes No
of any new CMS Agreements, including Memoranda of Understanding, which address
the conservation needs of Appendix II bird species?
If Yes, please provide details:
Saudi Arabia participated in a meetings to develop MoU on Raptors.
3 If your country has initiated or is participating in the development of a new Agreement or Memorandum of
Understanding, what assistance, if any, does your country require in order to initiate or participate in the
instrument’s development? Assisstance of the secretariat is needed to convene a meeting of the range states
before or during COP to further improve the agreement
4 Is the development of any CMS Agreement for birds, including Memoranda of Yes No
Understanding, planned by your country in the foreseeable future?
If Yes, please provide details:
2.2 Questions on the development of new CMS Agreements relating to marine mammals
1 In the current reporting period, has your country initiated the development of any Yes No
new CMS Agreements, including Memoranda of Understanding, to address the
conservation needs of Appendix II marine mammal species?
If Yes, what is the current state of development?
2 In the current reporting period, has your country participated in the development Yes No
of any new CMS Agreements, including Memoranda of Understanding, which address
the conservation needs of Appendix II marine mammal species?
If Yes, please provide details:
Saudi Arabia participated in the second meeting to develop MoU on Dugong
3 If your country has initiated or is participating in the development of a new Agreement or Memorandum of
Understanding, what assistance, if any, does your country require in order to initiate or participate in the
instrument’s development?
Saudi Arabia might sign MoU on Dugong in near future. SWC conducted a monitoring surveys in the Red sea.
Survyes were conducted on Dugong in Alwajh bank and north Yanbu in 2002, in cooperation with JAICA&
particularly in Farasan Island (Anas2010)
4 Is the development of any CMS Agreement for marine mammals, including Yes No
Memoranda of Understanding, planned by your country in the foreseeable future?
If Yes, please provide details:
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 41
2.3 Questions on the development of new CMS Agreements relating to marine turtles
1 In the current reporting period, has your country initiated the development of any Yes No
new CMS Agreements, including Memoranda of Understanding, to address the
conservation needs of Appendix II marine turtles?
If Yes, what is the current state of development?
2 In the current reporting period, has your country participated in the development Yes No
of any new CMS Agreements, including Memoranda of Understanding, which address
the conservation needs of Appendix II marine turtles?
If Yes, please provide details:
3 If your country has initiated or is participating in the development of a new Agreement or Memorandum of
Understanding, what assistance, if any, does your country require in order to initiate or participate in the
instrument’s development?
4 Is the development of any CMS Agreement for marine turtles, including Yes No
Memoranda of Understanding, planned by your country in the foreseeable future?
If Yes, please provide details:
2.4 Questions on the development of new CMS Agreements relating to terrestrial mammals
(other than bats)
1 In the current reporting period, has your country initiated the development of any Yes No
new CMS Agreements, including Memoranda of Understanding, to address the
conservation needs of Appendix II terrestrial mammal species (other than bats)?
If Yes, what is the current state of development?
2 In the current reporting period, has your country participated in the development Yes No
of any new CMS Agreements, including Memoranda of Understanding, which address
the conservation needs of Appendix II terrestrial mammal species (other than bats)?
If Yes, please provide details:
3 If your country has initiated or is participating in the development of a new Agreement or Memorandum of
Understanding, what assistance, if any, does your country require in order to initiate or participate in the
instrument’s development?
4 Is the development of any CMS Agreement for terrestrial mammals (other than bats), Yes No
including Memoranda of Understanding, planned by your country in the foreseeable future?
If Yes, please provide details:
2.5 Questions on the development of new CMS Agreements relating to bats
1 In the current reporting period, has your country initiated the development of any Yes No
new CMS Agreements, including Memoranda of Understanding, to address the
conservation needs of Appendix II bat species?
If Yes, what is the current state of development?
2 In the current reporting period, has your country participated in the development Yes No
of any new CMS Agreements, including Memoranda of Understanding, which address
the conservation needs of Appendix II bat species?
If Yes, please provide details:
3 If your country has initiated or is participating in the development of a new Agreement or Memorandum of
Understanding, what assistance, if any, does your country require in order to initiate or participate in the
instrument’s development?
4 Is the development of any CMS Agreement for bats, including Memoranda of Yes No
Understanding, planned by your country in the future?
If Yes, please provide details:
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 42
2.6 QUESTIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CMS AGREEMENTS RELATING TO OTHER TAXA
1 In the current reporting period, has your country initiated the development of any new Yes No
CMS Agreements, including Memoranda of Understanding, to address the conservation
needs of Appendix II species belonging to taxa not included in sections 1-6 above?
If Yes, what is the current state of development?
2 In the current reporting period, has your country participated in the development Yes No
of any new CMS Agreements, including Memoranda of Understanding, which address
the conservation needs of species belonging to taxa not included in sections 1-6 above?
If Yes, please provide details:
3 If your country has initiated or is participating in the development of a new Agreement or Memorandum of
Understanding, what assistance, if any, does your country require in order to initiate or participate in the
instrument’s development?
4 Is the development of any CMS Agreement for other taxa, including Memoranda of Yes No
Understanding, planned by your country in the foreseeable future?
If Yes, please provide details:
3. LISTING OF MIGRATORY SPECIES IN APPENDIX II
1 Is your country a Range State for any migratory species that has an unfavourable Yes No
conservation status, but is not currently listed in Appendix II and could benefit
from the conclusion of an Agreement for its conservation?
If Yes, please provide details:
N.B.: States in which a species occurs as a vagrant (i.e. not "on its normal migration route") should not be treated
as Range States. Please refer to Article 1 of the Convention for clarification.
1a Is your country taking any steps to propose the listing of this/these species in Appendix II? Yes No
If Yes, please provide details:
1b What assistance, if any, does your country require to initiate the listing of this/these species?
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 43
IV. National and Regional Priorities
1 What priority does your country assign to the conservation and,
where applicable, sustainable use of migratory species in
comparison to other biodiversity-related issues
Low Medium High
2 Are migratory species and their habitats addressed by your country’s national Yes No
biodiversity strategy or action plan?
If Yes, please indicate and briefly describe the extent to which it addresses the following issues:
Conservation, sustainable use and/or restoration of migratory species
Conservation, sustainable use and/or restoration of the habitats of migratory species, including protected
areas
Actions to prevent, reduce or control factors that are endangering or are likely to further endanger
migratory species (e.g. alien invasive species or by-catch)
Minimizing or eliminating barriers or obstacles to migration
Research and monitoring of migratory species
Transboundary co-operation
3 Does the conservation of migratory species currently feature in any other national Yes No
or regional policies/plans (apart from CMS Agreements)
If Yes, please provide details:
National System Plan for Protected Areas; Convention on Wildlife Protection in GCC Countries; Regional
Agreement for Conservation of the red Sea and Gulf of Aden (PERSGA); Regional Agreement ofr Protection of
Marine Environment (ROPME).
3a Do these policies/plans cover the following areas (if Yes, please provide details):
Yes No
Exploitation of natural resources (e.g. fisheries, hunting, etc.)
Economic development
Land-use planning
Pollution control
Designation and development of protected areas
Development of ecological networks
Planning of power lines
Planning of fences
Planning of dams
Other
4 Results – please describe the positive outcomes of any actions taken
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 44
V. Protected Areas
1 Are migratory species taken into account in the selection, establishment and Yes No
management of protected areas in your country?
If Yes, please provide details:
Presence of migratory species (e.g. birds, turtles) is one of the criteria used to select sites for establishment of
protected areas
1a Please identify the most important national sites for migratory species and their protection status:
Farasan Islands in Red Sea and Al Jubail reserve in the Arabian Gulf.
1b Do these protected areas cover the following areas? (If Yes, please provide details and include the amount of
protected areas coverage and the number of protected areas):
Yes No
Terrestrial
Aquatic
Marine
1c Identify the agency, department or organization responsible for leading on this action in your country:
The Saudi Wildlife Commission (SWC)
2 Results – please describe the positive outcomes of any actions taken
Some areas as wintering ground of Houbara Bustards was declared as protected area for conservation of the
species.
VI. Policies on Satellite Telemetry
1 In the current reporting period, has your country undertaken Yes No
conservation/research projects that use satellite telemetry?
In preparation on-going completed
2 Are any future conservation/research projects planned that will use Yes No
satellite telemetry?
If Yes, please provide details (including the expected timeframe for these projects):
Houbara bustard and Imperial eagle fitted with PTTs and for houbara more PTTs will be fitted to investigate
migratory routes of wild birds in Saudi Arabia. Marine Turtles have been fitted with the PTTs in the country.
If No, please explain any impediments or requirements in this regard:
3 Results – please describe the positive outcomes of any actions taken
The tagged houbara bustard are confined to certain protected areas but Imperial Eagele PTT provided long
range migration route data.
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 45
VII. Membership
1 Have actions been taken by your country to encourage non- Parties Yes No
to join CMS and its related Agreements?
If Yes, please provide details. (In particular, describe actions taken to recruit the non-Parties that have been
identified by the Standing Committee as high priorities for recruitment.)
Saudi Arabia urged the the non parties arab states to join CMs and related Agreements and MoUs
1a Identify the agency, department or organization responsible for leading on this action in your country:
The Saudi Wildlife Commission (SWC).
2 Results – please describe the positive outcomes of any actions taken
VIII. Global and National Importance of CMS
1 Have actions been taken by your country to increase national, regional Yes No
and/or global awareness of the relevance of CMS and its global importance
in the context of biodiversity conservation?
If Yes, please provide details:
Reference to CMS importance is stressed in media release by SWC.
2 Identify the agency, department or organization responsible for leading on this action in your country:
The Saudi Wildlife Commission (SWC).
3 Results – please describe the positive outcomes of any actions taken
IX. Mobilization of Resources
1 Has your country made financial resources available for conservation activities having Yes No
direct benefits for migratory species in your country?
If Yes, please provide details (Indicate the migratory species that have benefited from these activities):
Migratory birds and turtles
2 Has your country made voluntary contributions to the CMS Trust Fund to support Yes No
requests from developing countries and countries with economies in transition?
If Yes, please provide details:
3 Has your country made other voluntary financial contributions to support Yes No
conservation activities having direct benefits for migratory species in other
countries (particularly developing countries)?
If Yes, please provide details (Indicate the migratory species that have benefited from these activities):
HRH Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Foundation for Conservation and Development of
Wildlife (IFCDW) was established in Agadir, Morocco. for captive breeding and release of Houbara Bustard.
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 46
4 Has your country provided technical and/or scientific assistance to Yes No
developing countries to facilitate initiatives for the benefit of migratory species?
If Yes, please provide details (Indicate the migratory species that have benefited from these activities):
Houbara Bustard
5 Has your country received financial assistance/support from the CMS Trust Yes No
Fund, via the CMS Secretariat, for national conservation activities having
direct benefits for migratory species in your country?
If Yes, please provide details (Indicate the migratory species that have benefited from these activities):
6 Has your country received financial assistance/support from sources other Yes No
than the CMS Secretariat for conservation activities having direct benefit
for migratory species in your country?
If Yes, please provide details (Indicate the migratory species that have benefited from these activities):
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 47
X. Implementation of COP Resolutions and Recommendations
Please provide information about measures undertaken by your country relating to recent Resolutions
and Recommendations since the last Report. For your convenience please refer to the list of COP
Resolutions and Recommendations listed below.
Resolutions
Resolution 6.2 – By-catch, and Recommendation 7.2 – Implementation of Resolution 6.2 on By-catch
Resolution 6.3 – Southern Hemisphere Albatross Conservation
Resolution 7.2 – Impact Assessment and Migratory Species: Environmental impact assessment is a requirement under
the General Environment Code, 2002,
Resolution 7.3 – Oil Pollution and Migratory Species
Coastal Zone Mannagement Plan for the Kingdom which includes Oil Spill Contingency Plans, developed by the
Presidency of Metereology and Environment (PME)
Other Precautionary measures and mechanism for restoration are in place, as required also by the following treaties to
which the Kingdom is a Party: International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, 1954
Protocol Concerning Regional Cooperation in Combating Pollution by Oil and Other Harmful Substances in Cases of
Emergency. Kuwait 1978; Protocol Concerning Marine Pollution Resulting from the Exploration and Exploitation of
the Continental Shelf. Kuwait, 1989
Resolution 7.4 – Electrocution of Migratory BirdsFew such hazards have been reported. However, this issue is
addressed by a project on soaring migratory birds.
Resolution 7.5 – Wind Turbines and Migratory Species
Wind turbines are not used for commercial energy production in the Kingdom
Resolution 7.9 – Cooperation with Other Bodies and Processes
Resolution 7.15 – Future Action on the Antarctic Minke, Bryde’s and Pygmy Right Whales under the Convention on
Migratory Species
Resolution 8.1 – Sustainable Use
Resolution 8.2 – CMS Strategic Plan 2006-2010
Resolution 8.5 - Implementation of Existing Agreements and Development of Future Agreements
Saudi Arabia signed MoU on Merine Turtles in IOSEA and is conducting activities specified in the action Plan. Saudi
Arabia will soon sign other MoUs for Dugong and Raptors.
Resolution 8.7 - Contribution of CMS in Achieving the 2010 Biodiversity Target
Resolution 8.9 - Review of GROMS (Global Register on Migratory Species)
Resolution 8.11 - Co-operation with other Conventions
National agencies and ministries in Saudi Arabia are collaborating with each other regarding biodiversity related
activities
Resolution 8.13 - Climate Change and Migratory Species
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 48
Resolution 8.14 – By-Catch
Resolution 8.22 - Adverse Human Induced Impacts on Cetaceans: Ban on taking Cetaceans in place
Resolution 8.24 - National Reports for the Eight and Ninth Meetings of the Conference of the Parties
National report for eights and ninth meeting were prepared and submitted.
Resolution 8.27 - Migratory Species and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza:
Saudi Arabia developed contingency plan and patrol wetland sites and check poultry production areas.
Resolution 8.29 - Concerted Actions for Appendix I Species
Recommendations
Recommendation 7.5 – Range State Agreement for Dugong (Dugong dugon) Conservation
Saudi Arabia participated in meeting for development of MoU on Dugong and will soon sign the finalized MoU.
Recommendation 7.6 – Improving the Conservation Status of the Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)
The species and its key habitats are protected.
Recommendation 7.7 – America Pacific Flyway Programme
Recommendation 8.12 - Improving the conservation status of raptors and owls in the African Eurasian region
Saudi Arabia participated at meeting on the development of MoU on raptors.
Recommendation 8.16 – Migratory Sharks
The migratory species are protected
Recommendation 8.17 – Marine Turtles
Saudi Arabia signed MoU on conservation of Marine Turtles in IOSEA.
Recommendation 8.23 - Central Eurasian and Aridland Mammals
Recommendation 8.26 - Grassland Bird Species and their Habitats in Southern South America???
Recommendation 8.28 - Cooperative Actions for Appendix II Species
Other resolutions/recommendations:
Other remarks:
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 49
Annex: Updating Data on Appendix II Species
The tables below contain the list of all species listed in Appendix II.
New Parties which have acceded since COP8 in 2005 and Parties which did not submit a National
Report in 2005 are requested to complete the entire form.
Parties that did submit a report in 2005 need only which information has changed (e.g. new
published distribution references and details concerning species added to Appendix II at COP8).
Species Range
State
Extinct at
National
level
No
information
available
Published distribution
reference
CETACEA
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
(only European populations)
Rhinolophus hipposideros
(only European populations)
Rhinolophus euryale
(only European populations)
Rhinolophus mehelyi
(only European populations)
Rhinolophus blasii
(only European populations)
Myotis bechsteini
(only European populations)
Myotis blythi
(only European populations)
Myotis brandtii
(only European populations)
Myotis capaccinii
(only European populations)
Myotis dasycneme
(only European populations)
Myotis daubentoni
(only European populations)
Myotis emarginatus
(only European populations)
Myotis myotis
(only European populations)
Myotis mystacinus
(only European populations)
Myotis nattereri
(only European populations)
Pipistrellus kuhli
(only European populations)
Pipistrellus nathusii
(only European populations)
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
(only European populations)
Pipistrellus savii
(only European populations)
Nyctalus lasiopterus
(only European populations)
Nyctalus leisleri
(only European populations)
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 50
Species Range
State
Extinct at
National
level
No
information
available
Published distribution
reference
Nyctalus noctula
(only European populations)
Eptesicus nilssonii
(only European populations)
Eptesicus serotinus
(only European populations)
Vespertilio murinus
(only European populations)
Barbastella barbastellus
(only European populations)
Plecotus auritus
(only European populations)
Plecotus austriacus
(only European populations)
Miniopterus schreibersii
(only European populations)
Tadarida teniotis
CETACEA
Physeter macrocephalus
Platanista gangetica gangetica
Pontoporia blainvillei
Inia geoffrensis
Delphinapterus leucas
Monodon monoceros
Phocoena phocoena
(North and Baltic Sea populations)
Phocoena phocoena
(western North Atlantic population)
Phocoena phocoena
(Black Sea population)
Neophocaena phocaenoides
Phocoenoides dalli
Phocoena spinipinnis
Phocoena dioptrica
Sousa chinensis
Sousa teuszii
Sotalia fluviatilis
Lagenorhynchus albirostris
(only North and Baltic Sea populations)
Lagenorhynchus acutus
(only North and Baltic Sea populations)
Lagenorhynchus australis
Lagenorhynchus obscurus
Grampus griseus
(only North and Baltic Sea populations)
Tursiops aduncus
(Arafura/Timor Sea populations)
Tursiops truncatus
(North and Baltic Sea populations)
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 51
Species Range
State
Extinct at
National
level
No
information
available
Published distribution
reference
Tursiops truncatus
(western Mediterranean population)
Tursiops truncatus
(Black Sea population)
Stenella attenuata
(eastern tropical Pacific population)
Stenella attenuata
(Southeast Asian populations)
Stenella longirostris
(eastern tropical Pacific populations)
Stenella longirostris
(Southeast Asian populations)
Stenella coeruleoalba
(eastern tropical Pacific population)
Stenella coeruleoalba
(western Mediterranean population)
Delphinus delphis
(North and Baltic Sea populations)
Delphinus delphis
(western Mediterranean population)
Delphinus delphis
(Black Sea population)
Delphinus delphis
(eastern tropical Pacific population)
Lagenodelphis hosei
(Southeast Asian populations)
Orcaella brevirostris
Cephalorhynchus commersonii
(South American population)
Cephalorhynchus eutropia
Cephalorhynchus heavisidii
Orcinus orca
Globicephala melas
(only North and Baltic Sea populations)
Berardius bairdii
Hyperoodon ampullatus
Balaenoptera bonaerensis
Balaenoptera edeni
Balaenoptera borealis
Balaenoptera physalus
Caperea marginata
CARNIVORA
Arctocephalus australis
Otaria flavescens
Phoca vitulina
(only Baltic and Wadden Sea populations)
Halichoerus grypus
(only Baltic Sea populations)
Monachus monachus
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 52
PROBOSCIDEA
Loxodonta africana
SIRENIA
Trichechus manatus
(populations between Honduras and Panama)
Trichechus senegalensis
Trichechus inunguis
Dugong dugon
PERISSODACTYLA
Equus hemionus
(includes Equus hemionus, Equus onager and Equus kiang)
ARTIODACTYLA
Vicugna vicugna
Oryx dammah
Gazella gazella
(only Asian populations)
Gazella subgutturosa Intensive monitoring and
research programs are in
place in Mahazat as-Sayd
and Uruq Bani Maarid
protected areas. Procapra gutturosa
Saiga tatarica tatarica
GAVIIFORMES
Gavia stellata
(Western Palearctic populations)
Gavia arctica arctica
Gavia arctica suschkini
Gavia immer immer
(Northwest European population)
Gavia adamsii
(Western Palearctic population)
PODICIPEDIFORMES
Podiceps grisegena grisegena
Podiceps auritus
(Western Palearctic populations)
PELECANIFORMES
Phalacrocorax nigrogularis
Phalacrocorax pygmeus
Pelecanus onocrotalus
(Western Palearctic populations)
Pelecanus crispus
CICONIIFORMES
Botaurus stellaris stellaris
(Western Palearctic populations)
Ixobrychus minutus minutus
(Western Palearctic populations)
Ixobrychus sturmii
Ardeola rufiventris
Ardeola idae
Egretta vinaceigula
Casmerodius albus albus
(Western Palearctic populations)
Ardea purpurea purpurea
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 53
(populations breeding in the Western Palearctic)
Mycteria ibis
Ciconia nigra
Ciconia episcopus microscelis
Ciconia ciconia
Plegadis falcinellus
Geronticus eremita
Threskiornis aethiopicus aethiopicus
Platalea alba
(excluding Malagasy population)
Platalea leucorodia
Phoenicopterus ruber
Phoenicopterus minor
ANSERIFORMES
Dendrocygna bicolor
Dendrocygna viduata
Thalassornis leuconotus
Oxyura leucocephala
Cygnus olor
Cygnus cygnus
Cygnus columbianus
Anser brachyrhynchus
Anser fabalis
Anser albifrons
Anser erythropus
Anser anser
Branta leucopsis
Branta bernicla
Branta ruficollis
Alopochen aegyptiacus
Tadorna ferruginea
Tadorna cana
Tadorna tadorna
Plectropterus gambensis
Sarkidiornis melanotos
Nettapus auritus
Anas penelope
Anas strepera
Anas crecca
Anas capensis
Anas platyrhynchos
Anas undulata
Anas acuta
Anas erythrorhyncha
Anas hottentota
Anas querquedula
Anas clypeata
Marmaronetta angustirostris
Netta rufina
Netta erythrophthalma
Aythya ferina
Aythya nyroca
Aythya fuligula
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 54
Aythya marila
Somateria mollissima
Somateria spectabilis
Polysticta stelleri
Clangula hyemalis
Melanitta nigra
Melanitta fusca
Bucephala clangula
Mergellus albellus
Mergus serrator
Mergus merganser
FALCONIFORMES
Pandion haliaetus
GALLIFORMES
Coturnix coturnix coturnix
SPHENISCIFORMES
Spheniscus demersus
PROCELLARIIFORMES
Diomedea exulans
Diomedea epomophora
Diomedea irrorata
Diomedea nigripes
Diomedea immutabilis
Diomedea melanophris
Diomedea bulleri
Diomedea cauta
Diomedea chlororhynchos
Diomedea chrysostoma
Phoebetria fusca
Phoebetria palpebrata
Macronectes giganteus
Macronectes halli
Procellaria cinerea
Procellaria aequinoctialis
Procellaria aequinoctialis conspicillata
Procellaria parkinsoni
Procellaria westlandica
GRUIFORMES
Porzana porzana
(populations breeding in the Western Palearctic)
Porzana parva parva
Porzana pusilla intermedia
Fulica atra atra
(Mediterranean and Black Sea populations)
Aenigmatolimnas marginalis
Sarothrura boehmi
Sarothrura ayresi
Crex crex
Grus leucogeranus
Grus virgo (Syn. Anthropoides virgo)
Grus paradisea
Grus carunculatus
Grus grus
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 55
Chlamydotis undulata
(only Asian populations)
Otis tarda
CHARADRIIFORMES
Himantopus himantopus
Recurvirostra avosetta
Dromas ardeola
Burhinus oedicnemus
Glareola pratincola
Glareola nordmanni
Pluvialis apricaria
Pluvialis squatarola
Charadrius hiaticula
Charadrius dubius
Charadrius pecuarius
Charadrius tricollaris
Charadrius forbesi
Charadrius pallidus
Charadrius alexandrinus
Charadrius marginatus
Charadrius mongulus
Charadrius leschenaultii
Charadrius asiaticus
Eudromias morinellus
Vanellus vanellus
Vanellus spinosus
Vanellus albiceps
Vanellus senegallus
Vanellus lugubris
Vanellus melanopterus
Vanellus coronatus
Vanellus superciliosus
Vanellus gregarius (Syn Chettusia
gregaria)
Vanellus leucurus
Gallinago media
Gallinago gallinago
Lymnocryptes minimus
Limosa limosa
Limosa lapponica
Numenius phaeopus
Numenius tenuirostris
Numenius arquata
Tringa erythropus
Tringa totanus
Tringa stagnatilis
Tringa nebularia
Tringa ochropus
Tringa glareola
Tringa cinerea
Tringa hypoleucos
Arenaria interpres
Calidris tenuirostris
Calidris canutus
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 56
Calidris alba
Calidris minuta
Calidris temminckii
Calidris maritima
Calidris alpina
Calidris ferruginea
Limicola falcinellus
Philomachus pugnax
Phalaropus lobatus
Phalaropus fulicaria
Larus hemprichii
Larus leucophthalmus
Larus ichthyaetus
(West Eurasian and African population)
Larus melanocephalus
Larus genei
Larus audouinii
Larus armenicus
Sterna nilotica nilotica
(West Eurasian and African populations)
Sterna caspia
(West Eurasian and African populations)
Sterna maxima albidorsalis
Sterna bergii
(African and Southwest Asian populations)
Sterna bengalensis
(African and Southwest Asian populations)
Sterna sandvicensis sandvicensis
Sterna dougallii
(Atlantic population)
Sterna hirundo hirundo
(populations breeding in the Western Palearctic)
Sterna paradisaea
(Atlantic populations)
Sterna albifrons
Sterna saundersi
Sterna balaenarum
Sterna repressa
Chlidonias niger niger
Chlidonias leucopterus
(West Eurasian and African population)
COLUMBIFORMES
Streptopelia turtur turtur
CORACIIFORMES
Merops apiaster
Coracias garrulus
PSITTACIFORMES
Amazona tucumana
PASSERIFORMES
Hirundo atrocaerulea
Pseudocolopteryx dinellianus
Polystictus pectoralis pectoralis
Sporophila ruficollis
Acrocephalus paludicola
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 57
TESTUDINATA
Chelonia depressa
Chelonia mydas
Caretta caretta
Eretmochelys imbricata
Lepidochelys kempii
Lepidochelys olivacea
Dermochelys coriacea
Podocnemis expansa
CROCODYLIA
Crocodylus porosus
ACIPENSERIFORMES
Huso huso
Huso dauricus
Acipenser baerii baicalensis
Acipenser fulvescens
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
Acipenser medirostris
Acipenser mikadoi
Acipenser naccarii
Acipenser nudiventris
Acipenser persicus
Acipenser ruthenus
(Danube population)
Acipenser schrenckii
Acipenser sinensis
Acipenser stellatus
Acipenser sturio
Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni
Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni
Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi
Psephurus gladius
ORECTOLOBIFORMES
Rhincodon typus
LAMNIFORMES
Carcharodon carcharias
LEPIDOPTERA
Danaus plexippus
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 58
All species of each of the Families below are listed in Appendix II. If your country is a Range State
for any of the species in these Families, please enter the species name in the first column, under the
relevant Family heading. Please indicate (with a ‘X’) whether your country is a Range State or the
species is extinct and, where appropriate, please provide published distribution references. (Space
is provided for ten species in each Family. If additional lines are required, please attach the
information as an annex).
Species Range State Extinct Published distribution reference
Order FALCONIFORMES, Family Cathartidae
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Order FALCONIFORMES, Family Accipitridae
RangeState Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Order FALCONIFORMES, Family Falconidae
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Order PASSERIFORMES, Family Muscicapidae
Range State Extinct
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 59
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Range State Extinct
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 60
References on Arabian Oryx (refer to Arabian oryx section)
Ismail, K., Kamal, K., Plath, & Wronski, T. (2011). Effect of an exceptional drought on daily activity patterns, reproductive behaviour, and reproductive success of reintroduced Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx). Journal of Arid Environments, 75 (2), 125-131.
Islam, M. Z., Knutson, C., Boug, A. (2010). Strategy and Action Plan to Reduce the Risk of Mass Mortalities of Reintroduced ungulates in the Mahazat as-Sayd Protected Area in Saudi Arabia. Gnusletter - IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group, 28(Number 2): 7-15.
Islam, M. Z., Ismael, K., Boug, A. (2010). Catastrophic die-off of globally threatened Arabian oryx and Sand gazelle in the fenced protected area of the arid central Saudi Arabia. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 2(2), 677-684.
Teller, M. (2009). RX for Oryx. Saudi Aramco World, 60(5).
Hethem, R. S. (2009). Adapting to climate change: the effect of desertification on the physiology of free-living ungulates. Unpublished PhD, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
Arif, I. A., Khan, H.A., Bahkali, A.H., Al Homaidan, A.A., Al Farhan, A.H., Shobrak, M., Al Sadoon, M. (2009). Comparison of neighbour-joining and maximum-parsimony methods for molecular phylogeny of oryx species using 12SrRNA and 16SrRNA gene sequences. Animal Biology Journal, 1(2), 9.
Strauss, W. W. A., S. (2007). The Arabian oryx re-introduction program in Saudi Arabia. Re-introduction NEWS(No. 26), 3.
Shobrak, M. (2007). Evaluation of the Arabian oryx re-introduction programs in the range stages: lessons to learn. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 14(2), 14.
Shobrak, M. (2007). Evaluation of the Arabian oryx re-introduction programs in the range stages: lessons to learn. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 14(2), 14.
Frolich, K., Hamblin, C., Jung, S., Ostrowski, S., Mwanzia, J., Streich, W.J., Anderson, J., Armstrong, R.M., Anajariyah, S. (2005). Serologic surveillance for selected viral agents in captive and free-ranging populations of Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Wildlife Disease, 41(1), 67-79.
van Heezik, Y., Ismail, K., & Seddon, P. J. (2003). Shifting spatial distributions of Arabian oryx in relation to sporadic water provision and artificial shade. Oryx, 37(3), 295-304.
Thomas, J. (2003). Coping in the heat: hot oryx coming in from the shade. BBC Wildlife, July 2003, 30.
Strauss, W. M. (2003). An ecological study of reintroduced Arabian oryx in the 'Uruq Bani Ma'arid protected area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Unpublished Msc Dissertation, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 281pp.
Smith, M. (2003). Bringing the Empty Quarter back to life. Geographical, 75(7), 52-55.
Seddon, P. J., Ismail, K., Shobrak, M., Ostrowski, S., & Magin, C. (2003). A comparison of derived population estimate, mark-resighting and distance sampling methods to determine the population size of a desert ungulate, the Arabian oryx. Oryx, 37(3), 286-294.
Ostrowski, S., Williams, J., & Ismail, K. (2003). Heterothermy and water economy of free-living Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx). The Journal of Experimental Biology, 206, 1471-1478.
Mésochina, P., Ostrowski, S., & Ismail, K. (2003). Arabian oryx monitoring into Mahazat as-Sayd Protected Area - Saudi Arabia: from rehabilitation to population management. Re-introduction News. Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group, 23, 29-30.
Mésochina, P., Bedin, E., & Ostrowski, S. (2003). Reintroducing antelopes into arid areas: lessons learnt from the oryx in Saudi Arabia. Comptes Rendus Académie des Sciences de Paris - Biologies, 326(Numéro Supplement 1), 158-165.
Mésochina, P., Bedin, E., & Ostrowski, S. (2003). Arabian oryx re-introduction in 'Uruq Bani Ma'arid, Saudi Arabia: update with emphasis on mortality. Re-introduction News. Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group, 22, 38-39.
Bedin, E., & Ostrowski, S. (2003). Arabian oryx monitoring at 'Uruq Bani Ma'arid Protected Area, Saudi Arabia: population size estimate. Re-Introduction News. Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group, 23, 30-31.
Anon. (2003). Hot oryx opts for heterothermy. Journal of Experimental Biology, 206(9), 1429.
Strauss, W. M. (2002). Towards the effective management of the Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Zeitschrift Fur Jagdwissenschaft, 48, 7-16.
Seddon, P. J., & Ismail, K. (2002). Influence of ambient temperature on diurnal activity of Arabian oryx: implications for reintroduction site selection. Oryx, 36(1), 50-55.
Ostrowski, S., Williams, J. B., Bedin, E., & Ismail, K. (2002). Water influx and food consumption of free-living oryxes (Oryx leucoryx) in the Arabian desert in summer. Journal of Mammalogy, 83(3), 665-673.
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 61
Ostrowski, S., Anajariyya, S., Kamp, E. M., & Bedin, E. (2002). Isolation of Brucella melitensis from Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx). The Veterinary Record, 150(6), 186-188.
Williams, J. B., Ostrowski, S., Bedin, E., & Ismail, K. (2001). Seasonal variation in energy expenditure, water flux and food consumption of Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 204(13), 2301-2311.
Treydte, A., Williams, J. B., Bedin, E., Ostrowski, S., Seddon, P. J., Marschall, T., et al. (2001). In search of the optimal management strategy for Arabian oryx. Animal Conservation, 4(3), 239-249.
Ostrowski, S., & Bedin, E. (2001). Arabian oryx re-introduction in 'Uruq Bani Ma'arid, Saudi Arabia: summary and update: January 2001. Re-introduction News. Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group, 20, 16-17.
Treydte, A. C. (2000). In search of the optimal management strategy for Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) in Mahazat as-Sayd, Saudi Arabia. Unpublished Master of Science Thesis, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA, 72pp.
Grainger, A. (2000). Can you see the oryx? Ahlan Wasahlan, April 2000, 12-16.
Asmodé, J.-F. (2000). L'oryx d'Arabie, l'antilope du désert ressuscitée. Le Courrier de la Nature, 182, 30-32.
Seddon, P. J. (1999). Persistence without intervention: assessing success in wildlife reintroductions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 14(12), 503.
Marshall, T. C., Sunnucks, P., Spalton, J. A., Greth, A., & Pemberton, J. M. (1999). Use of genetic data for conservation management: the case of the Arabian oryx. Animal Conservation, 2(4), 269-278.
Wacher, T. J. (1998). Great white hope. BBC Wildlife, July, 62-69.
Wacher, T. J. (1998). Oryx monitoring at 'Uruq Bani Ma'arid, Saudi Arabia: 1997 progress report. Re-introduction News. Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group, 16, 15-16.
Ostrowski, S., Bedin, E., Lenain, D. M., & Abuzinada, A. H. (1998). Ten years of Arabian oryx conservation breeding in Saudi Arabia. Achievements and regional perspectives. Oryx, 32(3), 209-222.
Blanvillain, C. (1998). Contribution à la compréhension de la stratégie de reproduction de l'oryx d'Arabie (Oryx leucoryx) face aux conditions désertiques: application la conservation de l'espèce [Study of the reproductive strategy of the Arabian oryx face to its desert-living habitat and application to conservation]. Unpublished Thèse de Doctorat [Doctor of Philosophy Thesis], Paris, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 128pp.
Bedin, E., & Ostrowski, S. (1998). Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx reintroductions in Saudi Arabia: update. Re-introduction News. Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group, 16, 13-14.
Ancrenaz, M., Blanvillain, C., Delhomme, A., Greth, A., & Sempéré, A. (1998). Temporal variation of LH and testosterone in Arabian oryx from birth to adulthood. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 111(3), 283-289.
Pierrard, P. (1997). The Taif National Wildlife Research Center or the struggle against final emptiness in the desert. Risalat al-Ma'ahad, 10(104-105), 26-29.
Ostrowski, S., & Bedin, E. (1997). Arabian oryx: recent developments in Saudi Arabia. Re-introduction News. Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group, 14, 15-16.
Ostrowski, S. (1997). Health assessment of a captive bred reintroduced Arabian oryx population. Effect of fencing and buffer zone monitoring. Paper presented at the Oral Presentation Abstract Booklet of the XXIIIrd Congress 'Wildlife Management and Land Use in Open Landscape, Lyon (September 1997, 1-6).
Dunham, K. M. (1997). Gazelles and oryx in Saudi Arabia. Re-introduction News. Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group, 13, 5-6.
Blanvillain, C., Ancrenaz, M., Delhomme, A., Greth, A., & Sempéré, A. J. (1997). The presence of the male stimulates puberty in captive female Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx). Journal of Arid Environments, 36(2), 359-366.
Besson, F. (1997). Le Centre National de Recherche sur la Vie Sauvage de Taif. Nouvelles Scientifiques de France et du Proche-Orient, Mars, 80-83.
Ancrenaz, M., & Delhomme, A. (1997). Teeth eruption as a means of age determination in captive Arabian oryx, Oryx leucoryx (Bovidae, Hippotraginae). Mammalia, 61(1), 135-138.
Ady, J. (1997). The National Wildlife Research Center, at Ta'if. Journal of the Saudi Arabian Natural History Society, 3(7), 1-3.
Vié, J. C. (1996). Reproductive biology of captive Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) in Saudi Arabia. Zoo Biology, 15(4), 371-381.
Sempéré, A. J., Ancrenaz, M., Delhomme, A., Greth, A., & Blanvillain, C. (1996). Length of estrous cycle and gestation in the Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) and importance of the male presence for induction of postpartum estrus. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 101(3), 235-241.
Rebholz, W. E. R. (1996). Molecular phylogenetics and conservation aspects of antelopes. Unpublished Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, University of Capetown, Capetown.
Greth, A. (1996). L'oryx d'Arabie, seigneur du désert. Panda Magazine, 64, 21-23.
Saudi Arabia, CMS Report, 2011 62
Ancrenaz, M., Ostrowski, S., Anagariyah, S., & Delhomme, A. (1996). Long-duration anaesthesia in Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) using a Medetomidine-Etorphine combination. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 27(2), 209-216.
Dunham, K. M. (1995). Gazelles, oryx and ostriches in Saudi Arabia. Re-introduction News. Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group, 11, 7-8.
Delhomme, A., Ancrenaz, M., & Ostrowski, S. (1995). Réintroduction de l'oryx d'Arabie [Reintroduction of the Arabian oryx]. Le Courrier de la Nature, 151, 12-13.
Anon. (1995). Historic re-introduction of gazelle and oryx to Empty Quarter. Arabian Wildlife, 2(2), 4.
Ancrenaz, M., Ostrowski, S., & Delhomme, A. (1995). Arabian oryx reintroduction. Gnusletter, 14(1), 22.
Ancrenaz, M., & Flamand, J. R. B. (1995). Reintroduction of Arabian oryx and sand gazelles in the Rub' al- Khali desert, Saudi Arabia. Re-introduction News. Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group, 10, 10.
Mohammed, O. B., & Hussein, H. S. (1994). Antibody prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Arabian gazelles and oryx in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 30(4), 560-562.
Liedeker, H., Al Welaie, A. N., & As Saifi, A. (1994). GIS Can they deliver for conservation? Arabian Wildlife, 1(2), 12-13.
Greth, A., Flamand, J. R. B., & Delhomme, A. (1994). An outbreak of tuberculosis in a captive herd of Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx): management. The Veterinary Record, 134(7), 165-167.
Flamand, J. R. B., Greth, A., Haagsma, J., & Griffin, F. T. (1994). An outbreak of tuberculosis in a captive herd of Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx: diagnosis and monitoring. The Veterinary Record, 134(5), 115-118.
Flamand, J. R. B., Delhomme, A., & Ancrenaz, M. (1994). Hand-rearing the Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx at the National Wildlife Research Center, Saudi Arabia. International Zoo Yearbook, 33, 269-274.
Flamand, J. R. B. (1994). Arabian oryx: run wild, run free. Arabian Wildlife, 1(1), 12-13.
Ancrenaz, M. (1994). Use of atipamezole to reverse xylazine tranquillisation in captive Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx). Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 30(4), 592-595.
Rietkerk, F. E., Griffin, F. T., Wood, B., Mubarak, S. M., Delima, E. C., Mohammed, O. B., et al. (1993). Treatment of bovine tuberculosis in an Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 24(4), 523-527.
Greth, A., Vassart, M., & Anagariyah, S. (1993). Evaluation of medetomidine-induced immobilisation in Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx): Clinical hematological and biochemical effects. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 24(4), 445-453.
Greth, A., & Smith, T. (1993). Arabian oryx: recent developments. Re-introduction News. Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group, 6, 5.
Greth, A., & Schwede, G. (1993). Recent developments in captive-breeding and reintroduction of the Arabian oryx in Saudi Arabia. CBSG News, 4(2), 18-19.
Greth, A., & Schwede, G. (1993). Recent developments in captive-breeding and reintroduction of the Arabian oryx in Saudi Arabia. Gnusletter, 12(2), 11-12.
Greth, A., & Schwede, G. (1993). The reintroduction programme for the Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) in Saudi Arabia. International Zoo Yearbook, 32, 73-80.
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