Convergence of IC technology

and Healthcare

IEEE CAS

September 2008

Karthik Vasanth

Product Line Manager, Signal Chain Products

Medical Business Unit

Outline

• Introduction to the market

• Summary of technical challenges

• A look at imaging

– Ultrasound

– CT

– PET

• Q/A

Blind – 1.3 million people in the US

Paralyzed – 2 million people in the US

Parkinson’s – 1.5 million people in the US

Permanent brain injury – 5.3 million people in the US

Chronic disease – 60 million people in the US

Chronic pain – 5 million people in the US

Low back pain – 33% of workers’ comp costs

Epilepsy – 1% of WW population

44.5 million Americans taking care of adults

Medicare in US doubling to $26.8B by 2008

Global healthcare spending is $5 trillion per year

Blind – 1.3 million people in the US

Permanent brain injury – 5.3 million people in the US

Chronic disease – 60 million people in the US

Epilepsy – 1% of WW population

Blind – 1.3 million people in the US

Paralyzed – 2 million people in the US

Parkinson’s – 1.5 million people in the US

Permanent brain injury – 5.3 million people in the US

Chronic disease – 60 million people in the US

Chronic pain – 5 million people in the US

Low back pain – 33% of workers’ comp costs

Epilepsy – 1% of WW population

44.5 million Americans taking care of adults

Medicare in US doubling to $26.8B by 2008

Global healthcare spending is $5 trillion per year

Blind – 1.3 million people in the US

Permanent brain injury – 5.3 million people in the US

Chronic disease – 60 million people in the US

Epilepsy – 1% of WW population

Global trends driving growthAging populations

– By 2020 well over 1 billion people

worldwide will be 60 years and older

Rising healthcare costs

– US Healthcare spending is 18% of

GDP

– Costs to grow from 2 trillion in 2007

to 3.1 trillion in 2012

Remote and emerging markets

– China healthcare expenditure

increased 277% from 2006 to 2007

Consumer medical equipment

– 38% of Medical SC revenue in 2007

went into consumer equipment

Medical devices and supplies market $M

$0

$20,000

$40,000

$60,000

$80,000

$100,000

$120,000

$140,000

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

CAGR: 1979-2007 = 9.5%

Source: MDDI, Databeans and TI data

Semiconductors impact

1980s 1990s 2000 and beyond

Computing transformed

Communications transformed

Healthcare transformed

Computingrevolution

Computingrevolution

Communications revolution

Healthcare revolution

1000 pixels:Allows

mobility

and face

recognition

Medical innovation: Bionic Vision

16 pixels:Provides the

ability to see

the difference

between night

and day

Today Tomorrow

Technical Challenges

Similar to many other market areas

• Power– Extreme power needs for implantable devices

• Size / Integration / Performance

– More channels in imaging applications with no performance sacrifice

• Sensor / electronics interface

• Reliability

– In some cases extremely high levels needed

• Long design cycles

Ultrasound

Principle

t

Physics (I)

43.10-50.0013331Air

4-106.121.73600Compact bone

21.631.041568Muscle

0.51.420.971470Fat

Absorption

[dB/MHz.cm]

Z

[105 Rayl]ρ [g/cm3]c [m/s]Substance

Imaging Systems for Medical Diagnostics - Siemens

PositionFrame rate

Reflections Depth

Physics (II)

f.2.x = 100dB θcos.

2

w

r

f

cRLateral =

f

cc

FBWR dBAxial

22.26 ∝==

−τ

λ

0.150.43.30.115

0.20.650.1610

0.351.2100.315

0.83250.782

Axial resolution

[mm]

Lateral resolution

[mm]

Penetration [cm]

(back and forth)

Wavelength

[mm]

Frequency

[MHz]

c = 1560m/s

Imaging Systems for Medical Diagnostics - Siemens

Frame rate

Example:

c = 1540m/s

60o sector0.5o beam spacing

25cm depth

120 beams25cm x 2 / 1540m/s =320us / beam

26 frames/s

The machine – Top level

B-mode

Rx beamformer

Transducer array

1

2

A

3

4

Σ

Delay

Apodization

Receive Beamforming

Transducer array

1

2

A1

3

4

B1 C1 Line 1

Line 2

AD

Cs

4 3

2 1

5ns

A1

A2 B2 C2

ADC samples Interpolated

Signal chain analysis

10uV-1V

0.85nV/rtHz

LNA VCAADC12bit

40MSPS

2-3

pole

filter

CW

MUX

P0_A

N0_A

P1_A P2_A

N2_AN1_A

+HV1 +HV2

-HV2-HV1GND

GND

20dB <35dB

Trade off in ADC bits, power, VCA range and sampling speed

Known time characteristics

LNA VCAADC

Low PassFilter

PGA

Audio Output

Tx Buffer Amp

DAC

PassiveLPF

BeamformerRx

Central Control Unit

BeamformerBeamformer

Tx

DisplayAmpAudio

Ultrasound system block diagram

CW Analog Beam Former

http://www.ti.com/ultrasound

PowerManagement

FETDriver

ADC

Data Transmission

TempSensor

ClockSource

DSP

Interface

Amplifier

Power

ADC/DAC

Other

Legend

Transducer

HV MUX/DEMUX

T/R

Switches

DSP

DSP

AFE5805

LNA VCAADC

Low PassFilter

PGA

Audio Output

Tx Buffer Amp

DAC

PassiveLPF

BeamformerRx

Central

Control Unit

BeamformerBeamformer

(FPGA)

Tx

Display

Optimizing ultrasound with application-specific analog products

CW Analog Beam Former

http://www.ti.com/ultrasound

FETDriver

ADC

Data Transmission

DSP

Interface

Amplifier

Power

ADC/DAC

Other

Legend

Transducer

HV MUX/

DEMUX

PowerManagement

TempSensor

ClockSource

AmpAudio

T/R

Switches

CT

Computer Tomography

The machine

3 revolutions per second

1000 profiles per revolution

3KSPS/pixel

Data Acquisition System

Scintillator

Photodiode

Data converter

ImageProcessing

X-ray

Light (visible)

Current

Bits

1000’s of other channels 1000’s of other channels

PET

Positron Emision Tomography

The machine