CONVERSIONS, PHYSICAL CONSTANTS, AND UNITS

Length:1 inch (in) =  2.54 centimeters (cm) exactly1 foot (ft) =  0.305 meters (m)1 yard (yd)  = 0.914 meters (m)1 mile (mi) = 5280 feet (ft)  =  1.61 kilometers (km)1 centimeter (cm)  = 0.394 inches (in)1 meter (m)  = 100 centimeters (cm)  =  39.4 inches (in) = 3.28 feet (ft)  =  1.09 yards (yd)1 kilometer (km) = 1000 meters (m)  = 0.621 miles (mi)1 rod =  16.5 feet (ft) = 5.5 yards (yd) =  5.03 meters (m)1 astronomical unit (AU) = 1.50 x 108 kilometers (km)  = 9.29 x 107 miles (mi)  1 light year (LY) = 9.461 x 1012 kilometers ( km) = 5.88 x 1012 miles (mi)  = 0.307 parsec1 parsec =  approximately 3.26 light years (LY)

Area  =  length  x  width1 square inch (in2) =  0.00694 square feet (ft2  =  6.45 square centimeters, cm2

1 square foot, (ft2) =  144 square inches (in2  =  0.0929 square meters, m2

1 square yard (yd2  =  1296 square inches (in2  =  9 square feet (ft2  =  0.836 square meters (m2

1 square mile (mi2  =  640 acres  =  2.59 square kilometers (km2 1 acre  = 160 square rods  =  43,560 square feet (ft2) =  0.405 hectares1 hectare  =  10,000 square meters (m2  =  100 ares  =  2.47 acres1 square rod  =  30,25 square yards (yd2  =  25.29 square meters (m2

1 are  =  100 square meters (m2  =  0.01 hetares  =  119.6 square yards (yd2   

Volume =  length  x  width  x  height1 cubic inch (in3) =  0.000579 cubic feet (ft3) =  16.4 cubic centimeters (cm3)1 cubic foot (ft3) =  1728 cubic inch (in3) =  0.0283 cubic meters (m3)1 cubic yard (yd3) =  27 cubic feet (ft3) =  4.65 x 104 cubic inch (in3) =  0.765 cubic meters (m3)1 cubic meters (m3) =  106 cubic centimeters (cm3) =  1,000 liters (L)  =  35.3 cubic feet (ft3)1 quart (qt)  =  2 pints (pt) = 946 milliliters (mL) = 0.946 liters (L)1 gallon (gal) = 4 quarts  = 231 cubic inch (in3) =  3.79 liters (L)1 liter (L) =  1000 cubic centimeters (cm3) = 1.06 quarts (qt) = 0.265 gallons (gal)

Mass1 slug = 14.6 kilograms (kg)1 kilogram (kg) =  1,000 grams  = 0.0685 slugs 1 atomic mass unit (u)  =  1.66 x 10-27 kilogram (kg) =1.66 x 10-24

1 electron mass  = 9.11 x 10-31 kilogram (kg) =  9.11 x 10-28 grams (g)  =  5.46 x 10-

4 atomic mass unit (u) 1 proton mass =  1.00728 atomic mass unit (u)1 neutron mass =  1.00866 atomic mass unit (u)

Conversion Between Weight and Mass on EarthA slug is the mass unit in the British system and is equal to 32.2 pounds (lb) A kilogram weighs 9.81 newtons (N) or 2.21 pounds (lb) A mass of one (1) gram (g) weighs 981 dynes or 0.0353 ounces (oz) A one (1) ounce weight has a mass 28.4 grams (g) or 0.0284 kilograms (kg) A one (1) pound weight has a mass of 454 grams (g) or 0.454 kilograms (kg) A metric ton has a mass of 1,000 kilograms (kg) A one (1) ton (regular) weight has a mass of 2,000 pounds (lb)

Velocity and Speed  =  distance/time1 ft/s (ft s-1)  =  0.305 m/s (m s-1)1 mi/hr (mi hr-1) =  1.47 ft/s (ft s-1) = 1.61 km/hr (km hr-1)  = 0.447 m/s (m s-1)1 m/s (m s-1)  =  100 cm/s (cm s-1) =  3.28 ft/s (ft s-1)1 km/hr (km hr-1) =  0.278 m/s (m s-1) = 0.621 mi/hr (mi hr-1)  = 0.912 ft/s (ft s-1)Speed of light in a vacuum  = 3.00 x 108 m/s (m s-1) =  3.00 x 1010 cm/s (cm s-1)  = 186,000 mi/s (mi s-1)Speed of sound in air at 0 oC (32 oF) =  331 m/s  (m s-1) =  1090 ft/s (ft s-1)  = 41 mi/hr (mi hr-1)

Acceleration =  velocity /  time1 ft/s2  = 0.305 m/s2  =  30.5 cm/s2

1 mi/hr/s  = 1.47 ft/s2 =  1.61 km/hr/s  =  0.447 m/s2

1 m/s2 = 100 cm/s2 = 3.28 ft/s2

Acceleration due to gravity on Earth  =  9.81 m/s2  =  981 cm/s2  =  32.2 ft/s2

Force  = mass x acceleration1 lb =  16 oz  =  4.45 newtons (N)1 N (kg· m/s2)  =  0.223 lb

TemperatureoF =  9/5  x  oC  + 32oC = (oF  -  32)  x  5/9Absolute Temperature, kelvin, K  =  oC  +  273.150 K  =  -273.15 oC  =  -459.72 oFNormal Body Temperature  =  98.6 oF

Pressure  =  Force/Area1 Pascal, Pa  =  1 N/m2  =  1.45 x 10-4 lb/in2

1 bar  =  105 N/m2  =  14.50 lb/in2

1 atmosphere, atm  =  760 mm Hg  =  76.0 cm Hg  =  760 torr  =  14.50 lb/in2  =  1.01325 x 105 N/m2 (or Pa)Air pressure at sea level is approximately  =  1 atm  =  1 bar  =  105 N/m2  (or Pa)   =  14.50 lb/in2

Water pressure increases 9810 N/m2  for each meter of depth or 0.433 lb/in2 for each foot of depth

Work and Energy or Heat Work  =  Force  x  parallel distance1 joule, J  =  0.738 ft . lb  =  107 ergs1 calorie, cal  =  4.18 J  =  0.00442 British Thermal Units, Btu1 foot pound, ft . lb  =  1.36 J1 Btu  =  252 cal  =  778 ft·lb  =  1.054 x 103 J1 electron Volt, eV  =   1.602 x 10-19 J931.5 million electron volts,MeV is equivalent to 1 atomic mass unit, u

Power  =  Work/time1 horse power, hp  =  550 ft·lb/s  =  0.746 kilowatts, kW  =  746 W1 Watt, W  =  1 J/s  =  0.738 ft·lb/s  =  0.00134 hp1 Btu/hr  =  0.293 W1 kW  =  1.34 hp

Radioactivity1 curie  =  3.70 x 1010 disintegrations/second  =  3.70 x 1010 bequerels